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Subjective well-being of young people, an OECD
overview
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Secure attachment
• Instinctive urge to attach, rooted in evolution• Deep, long lasting emotional attachment• Affects:– Mind, body, emotions, relationships, values
• Positive affect on:– Self-esteem, independence, enduring
relationships, empathy, compassion and resilience
Insecure attachment
• An aversion to touch and physical affection.– Rather than producing positive feelings, touch and affection are perceived as a threat.
• Control issues.– Often go to great lengths to remain in control and avoid feeling helpless.– Disobedient, defiant, and argumentative.
• Anger problems.– Anger may be expressed directly, in tantrums or acting out, or through manipulative,
passive-aggressive behavior.– May hide their anger in socially acceptable actions, like giving a high five that hurts or
hugging someone too hard.• Difficulty showing genuine care and affection.
– May act inappropriately affectionate with strangers while displaying little or no affection towards their parents.
• An underdeveloped conscience.– Might act like they don’t have a conscience and fail to show guilt, regret, or remorse after
behaving badly.
Types of insecure attachment
• Ambivalent – clings, withdraws in unfamiliar environment, separation anxiety, rejects efforts to comfort, soothe
• Avoidant – pseudo independence and self-sufficiency, rejects or avoids comforting, unaffected by close, intimate contacts
• Disorganized – no consistent strategy for comfort-seeking, depression, motor-freezing, disassociation (most serious form)
Characteristics
• Behavioural• Emotional• Cognitive/thinking• Relationships• Physical• Moral/spiritual
Strategies
• Reciprocal behaviours between child and adult– Respectful eye contact, body language– Respectful verbal language– Calming, soothing, nurturing responses– Physical proximity and touching– Careful, deliberate listening– Accepting limits - boundaries