THE ROLE OF BIOFUEL IN THE NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM · 38 2005 Italy Unigra Conselice BIO-OIL 3 18V46 51.3 39 2005 Italy Italian Alps ValSenales BIO-OIL 1 6L20 0.8 40 2004 Italy Pentesilea

© Wärtsilä INTERNAL

Ir. Febron RT Siregar, MSc, MEM.

”THE ROLE OF BIOFUEL IN THENATIONAL POWER SYSTEM”

74th INDONESIA NATIONAL ELECTRICITY DAY

Session 5, Track 5 C:

New Energy Technology

11 October 2019

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WÄRTSILÄ VISION

Towards a 100% renewable energy future Wärtsilä

© Wärtsilä3

AGENDA

1. History of Liquid Bio Fuel (LBF) in Wärtsilä

2. Today’s LBF engine portfolio

3. LBF References

4. LBF specification and important parameters

5. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) fuel system specific requirements and operations

6. CPO in Indonesia

7. The role of CPO in the National Power Sytems

8. Conclusions

© Wärtsilä4

BIOFUELS - HISTORY

Rudolf Diesel presented an engine operating on peanut oil in 1900.

“The use of vegetable oils

for engine fuels may seem

insignificant today. But such

oils may in course of time

become as important as

petroleum and the coal tar

products of the present

time.”

(Rudolf Diesel 1912)

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WÄRTSILÄ LEADER IN DEVELOPING FUEL VERSATILITY

2010 Animal Fat

• Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32, at VTT in Espoo, Finland

2010 Rapeseed Oil, Soya Bean Oil, Fox Oil, Fish Oil, Chicken Oil

• Wärtsilä 6L20, Pieksämäki, Finland.

2009 Jatropha Oil, Fish Oil and Chicken Oil

• Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32, VTT in Espoo, Finland.

2002 Refined Palm Oil, Palm Stearin and Olive Olein

• Wärtsilä 6L32, engine laboratory in Vaasa, Finland.

2001 Waste Vegetable Oil

• Wärtsilä 6L26, test laboratory in Zwolle, Netherlands

1995 Wood Pyrolysis Oil

• Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32, at VTT in Finland

• The engine was able to operate on pyrolysis oil but a commercial product would require further R&D

1995 Rapeseed Oil

• Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32, at VTT (Finish Research center) in Finland

• Successful 200 hour engine test, liquid biofuels approved

2013

2005

2000

1995

LB

F P

lan

tsin

co

mm

erc

ial

op

era

tio

n

Wärtsilä LBF test history

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Biodiesel (B20, B100)

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LIQUID BIOFUELS - PLANT RANGES AND ENGINE PORTFOLIO

300200100

Plant size [MW]

501051

W20

W32

W46

LBF, LFO, HFO, CRO, FWE

LBF, LFO, HFO, CRO, FWE

LBF, LFO, HFO, CRO

LFO = Liquid Fuel Oil

HFO = Heavy Fuel Oil

CRO = Crude Oil

LBF = Liquid Bio Fuel

NG = Natural Gas

FWE = Fuel-Water Emulsion

W34DF

W50DF

LBF, NG, LFO, HFO

LBF, NG, LFO, HFO

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STANDARD OIL PLANT CONCEPTS

Wärtsilä have during the years developed different types of standard

power plant concepts

The traditional Compact Modular Power Plant is more or less project

specific. However, the plant is built as far as possible by standard modules

and components. This solution is normally used and optimised for multi-

engine plants, i.e. more than 3 engines per power plant or above 20 MW

plant size.

Oil Cube and Gas Cube are highly standardized single engine power plant

solutions. These concept is optimized for 1 to 3 W32 engines or 5 to 30

MW plant size.

W20 Containerised power plant has been developed to be fast to install

and easy to re-locate. It is based on W9L20 engine and produces 1.5 MW.

The containerised plant is available for HFO, LBF and CRO, in two different

configurations for tropical, or arctic conditions. Optionally W6L20 and CE

marking are available.

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WÄRTSILÄ 20, GENERATING SET

Generating set design

Main characteristics

900rpm/60Hz, 170 kWm/cyl1000 rpm/50Hz, 180 kWm/cylFuels

LFOHFOLBF CRO

Standard voltage/frequency (IEC 38)400V/50Hz480V/60Hz4,16kV/60Hz11kV/50Hz

© Wärtsilä

LBF FUEL SYSTEM

55 °C

at fuel

transferF

Back-up

Fuel

Heater

Separators

LBFStorage

TankLBFDayTank

LBFBufferTank

TransferPumpUnit

UnloadingPumpUnit

LFO/Biodiesel Storage

Tank

50-55 °C50-55 °C50-80 °CAmbient

Temperature

5-6 bar

8 bar

16 cSt

~65-95°C

To Other Booster Units

Viscosity

Meter

Pumps Duplex

Filter Mixing

Tank

Heater

Safety

Filter

Booster

Pump

Return Fuel

Cooler

Flow

Meter

Trace heated &

insulated leak

oil pipes

To injection pump

flushing system

Feeder UnitIn fuel treatment house

Booster UnitInside engine hall

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LIQUID BIOFUEL REFERENCES GEOGRAPHICALLY

© Wärtsilä

IGE BLOCK 1 (PENTESILEA)

• Location: Monopoli, Italy

• Prime movers: 3 x Wärtsilä 18V32

• Output: 24 MWe

• Fuel: Liquid biofuel (Mainly palm oil)

• Steam is generated with exhaust gas boilers for an olive oil refinery & biodieselproduction plant

• SCR for NOx abatement

• The power plant started up in August 2004

– Engines 1 & 2 have over65,000 operating hours

– Engine 3 has over 40,000 operatinghours since July 2005

– Availability > 95%

© Wärtsilä12

ENERGIA PULITA UNO 37 MW (CPO)

CPO Day tank

Lube oil tank

Waste Water Tank

LFO oil tank

45 days CPO Fuel storage

Tanks

Tank Farms

© Wärtsilä13

Power Plant :• Engine: 2 unit Wartsila 18V46 ( 2 x 17 MW)

• + Combine cycle: 2 unit boiler + 1 Steam Turbine (3 MW)

• Operation: 8000 hrs/year

• Load: 17.1 MW /engine (100% load at all the times)

• Fuel : CPO (from Indonesia)

• Storage: 45 Days

• Waste from CPO fuel treatment: contain of 96% water

+ approx. 4% (Oily CPO + fibers)

ENERGIA PULITA UNO

Total 37 MW Gross

35.9 MW Net

G G ST

17 MW 17 MW 3 MW

© Wärtsilä dd mmm yyyy Presentation name / Author14

LIQUID BIOFUEL REFERENCES LIST

Nbr Year Country Plant Name Location Fuel Engine QTYEngine

Type

Plant Output

(MW)

1 2011 Italy Cefla Gres 2000 Ravenna BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8.1

2 2010 ItalyAlpha Trading.

S.p.ACarbonara BIO-OIL 1 W6L20 1

3 2010 ItalyOristona Ottana

EnergiaOttana BIO-OIL 1 W18V46 17.1

4 2009 Italy Energia Pulita Uno Gorizia BIO-OIL 2 W18V46 34

5 2008 Italy SFIR Brindisi Brindisi BIO-OIL 2 W18V46 33.3

6 2008 Italy Cefla Euroterminal Ravenna BIO-OIL 1 W16V32 7.2

7 2008 BelgiumGreenpower,

MerksplasMerksplas BIO-OIL 1 W20V32 9

8 2008 Italy SEA Molise BIO-OIL 1 W20V32 9

9 2008 Italy FATER 01

Pescara,

Abruzzo

region

BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8.1

10 2008 Italy CEFLA FAEDA Ferrara BIO-OIL 1 W6L32 2.6

http://fis0237.accdom.for.int/powermap/PowerMapReferenceForm.aspx?PlantID=23663












11 2008 Italy Lepori Cairate Cairate BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8

12 2007 Italy Merloni Ravenna Ravenna BIO-OIL 6 W20V32 53.5

13 2007 Italy Cefla Gres 2000Ostellato,

FerraraBIO-OIL 1 W16V32 7.2

14 2007 Italy Piano Lago EnergiaFigline

VegliaturoBIO-OIL 3 W9L20 4.6

15 2007 Italy STC Ferrero 1Sant'Angelo

dei LombardiBIO-OIL 2 W20V32 16.8

16 2007 Italy STC Ferrero 2 Balvano BIO-OIL 1 W20V32 8.4

17 2007 ItalyCefla Micron

MineralRavenna BIO-OIL 1 W16V32 7.1

18 2007 Italy Fantoni Osoppo Osoppo BIO-OIL 1 W18V46 17.1

19 2007 ItalyLe Colombaie

VisanoVisano BIO-OIL 1 W16V32 7.1

20 2007 ItalyCEG

CASTELLANZA

Castellanza,

LombardyBIO-OIL 3 W18V46 51.2













21 2007 Italy CEG PARMA Parma BIO-OIL 3 W18V46 51.2

22 2007 ItalySECA

PIOMBINO

Piombino,

TuscanyBIO-OIL 3 W18V32 24.1

23 2007 ItalyRicciarelli

piramide molfettaMolfetta BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8

24 2007 Italy EUROPEAIsola

DovareseBIO-OIL 2 W9L20 3.2

25 2007 ItalyRicciarelli

Alimonti TeverolaTeverola BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8

26 2007 Italy Ricciarelli Melfi Melfi BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8

27 2007 ItalyRicciarelli Melfi

extensionMelfi BIO-OIL 2 W18V32 16.1

28 2007 ItalyCEG Cartiera di

GuarcinoGuarcino BIO-OIL 3 W16V32 21.4

29 2007 Italy ceg ottana Ottana BIO-OIL 2 W18V46 34.2

30 2007 ItalyFERPOWER

TREVIGLIOTreviglio BIO-OIL 1 W6L20 1













31 2007 Italy ItalGreen Molfetta Molfetta BIO-OIL 2 W18V46 34.2

32 2006 ItalyCerealdocks

PortogruaroPortogruaro BIO-OIL 1 W16V32 7.1

33 2006 Italy Distercoop Faenza Faenza BIO-OIL 3 W20V32 26.8

34 2006 Italy PISTICHI PISTICCI BIO-OIL 2 W18V32 12.1

35 2006 Italy FRIEL ACERRA ACERRA BIO-OIL 4 W18V46 68.3

36 2006 Italy Energy Care OCCIMIANO BIO-OIL 1 9R32LN 3.2

37 2005 Italy Monopoli IGE BL-2 Monopoli BIO-OIL 6 18V46 102.5

38 2005 Italy Unigra Conselice BIO-OIL 3 18V46 51.3

39 2005 Italy Italian Alps ValSenales BIO-OIL 1 6L20 0.8

40 2004 Italy Pentesilea extension Monopoli BIO-OIL 1 W18V32 8

41 2003 Italy Pentesilea Monopoli BIO-OIL 2 W18V32 16

42 2002 Germany

Pflanzenölkraftwerk

Treffurt

(old:Karlburg)

Treffurt

(prev:Karlburg)BIO-OIL 1 W6L32 2.6

43 1994 Finland VTT ESPOO ESPOO BIO-OIL 1 4R32 1.5














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BIO FUEL PARAMETERS INFLUENCING USAGE INMEDIUM SPEED DIESEL ENGINES

Palm Oil 22°C Palm Oil 60°C

Palm Stearin 22°C Palm Stearin 70°C

Ignition properties

• Some bio fuels has poor ignition properties, however palm oil has quite good ignition properties.

Heating value

• The LHV of vegetable oils is typically ~36.5 MJ/kg, i.e. 10-12 % lower than the LHV of mineral oils. This will still give full output on Wärtsilä engines.

Viscosity

• Too cold → wax formation

• Too hot → polymerization

• Very good temperature control of the system needed, trace heating and heat insulation needed in all parts of the fuel supply system from storage tank to cylinder.

Acidity

• Too high acidity cause corrosion. New palm oil usually no problem.

Impurities

• Completely different type of impurities compared to fossil fuels -> different type of cleaning methods needed.

Phosphorus content

• Lifetime of SCR catalysts.

© Wärtsilä19

Crude palm oil special requirements- Wärtsilä experience

• Extremely important that all parts of the auxiliary fuel system is correctly trace heated and heat insulated.

• Too high temp can polymerize the fuel, especially in places where the fuel is stored for longer times, e.g. Storage tanks etc.

1. Fuel system temperature control

© Wärtsilä20


SEM image Optical microscope image

100x300x

2. Fuel cleaning:

• Impurities of crude palm oil is totally different from impurities in fossil fuels. Most particles like fibres and other organic material have less density than the fuel. These are not removed by traditional centrifugal separators due to the functional principle of the separators.

• Fibres are easy to catch but very difficult to remove in traditional automatic filters used in HFO operation-> short manual cleaning interval.

1.

2.

3.

4.5.

6.

7.

8.

1. Control cabinet

2. Automatic filter

3. Acccumulator

4. Sludge pump

5. Sludge pump

controller

6. Trace heating

switch

7. Trace heating

thermostat

8. Clean fuel outlet

A LBF filter module optimised for bio fuels

have been developed by Wärtsilä and is now

standard on new LBF plants.

© Wärtsilä21

3. Fuel stability and Storage


Fuel Storage

• Too long storage time can make the crude palm oil acidity number go up-> corrosion and rust in the fuel lead to clogged filters.

Fuel polymerization in injection pump spring compartment

• A flushing system on the engine is the solution

• Storage time and temp

• Daily Start/Stop can be made on LBF. Engine pre-heating and booster

circulation to be left on all the time.

• Service stops and longer stops should be stopped on LFO. To be done

approx. 1 h before stop on full load.

Crude palm oil operation:

© Wärtsilä

CPO IN INDONESIA PALM OIL PRODUCTION

(IN THOUSAND TONS YEAR 2018)

CPO IS SUFFICIENTLY AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT INDONESIA

PALM PLANTATIONS ARE EVERYWHERE IN LARGE ISLANDS THROUGHOUT INDONESIA

•Sumatera is the largest palm producer.

•Then comes Kalimantan;

•The future palm plantation in large scale is in Papua Island.

--

All areas in Indonesia that have sufficient rainfall and a short summer is suitable for oil palm cultivation.

© Wärtsilä

CPO PRODUCTION

Indonesia CPO Production

Keep on increasing

o By cultivating this tree within 30

years, Indonesia will appear as the

world’s largest CPO producer.

o In 2018 production is to reach 41.6

million tons, and more than 22 million

tons were exported (2016).

o It is the highest cooking oil producer

for 4 years compared with other plant

species.

o Lowest production cost,

approximately Rp.4000 /kg

© Wärtsilä

PALM PLANTATION AREA

If all of 2018 plantations bear

fruits =>

51.7 MILLIONS TONS OF CPO

People Plantation State-Owned Plantation Private Company Plantation

Indonesia’s Palm Plantation AreaH

ecta

re

© Wärtsilä

CPO PRICE

Thanks to Energy and Mineral

Resources Minister’s Regulation

no.12/2015

Keeps on decreasing

• PRODUCTION KEEPS ON INCREASING

• CONSTANT DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION.

• RESTRICTION APPLIES TO CPO IMPORTER Price Decrease

Problems:

• For Government: foreign Exchange decreases

• Palm Society: Income Decreases

Opportunity:

• Makes it fuel from EBT, the price of which maybe more competitive

© Wärtsilä

• CPO as one of LBF is sufficiently and abundantly available in In Indonesia for a long term.

• CPO is available almost everywhere within the Western – Eastern Indonesia.

• CPO price can be sometime cheaper than HSD.

• CPO can take a role as National Energy Security especially in the area where CPO is available and abundantly near the Load.

• As one of the Renewable Energy sources, CPO can also support the increasing implementation Renewable Energy in Indonesia.

CONCLUSIONS

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The leading global energy system integrator Wärtsilä

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