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The road to Lexington and Concord
In this section you will learn that tensions between Britain and the colonies led to armed
conflict in Massachusetts.
The following colonial actions led to the Declaration of Independence:
First Continental Congress, 1774
Declaration of Independence, 1776
Second Continental Congress, 1775
Battle of Lexington and Concord, 1775
In 1774, Parliament passed a series of laws to punish the
Massachusetts colony for the Boston Tea Party. The
colonists called these laws, the Intolerable Acts.
Provisions of the Intolerable Acts:
• Boston Harbor would be closed until the colonist paid for the destroyed tea.
• British officials accused of crimes in the colonies would stand trial in Britain.
• Committees of correspondence were banned.
• British troops would be allowed to be housed wherever necessary.
• Parliament appointed General Thomas Gage, governor of Massachusetts.
In September 1774, delegates from all the colonies except
Georgia met in Philadelphia. This First Continental
Congress voted to ban all trade with Britain until the
Intolerable Acts were repealed.
First ContinentalCongress
When trade boycotts failed to repeal the Intolerable Acts, some colonists prepared to
fight. John Hancock was put in charge of the Committee of
Safety, which had the power to call out the militia.
John Hancock
FOR UNDERSTANDING
In 1774, Parliament passed a series of laws to punish the Massachusetts
colony for the Boston Tea Party. The colonists called these laws,
the______.
• 1) Boston Massacre
• 2) Declaratory Acts
• 3) Intolerable Acts
• 4) Insufferable Acts
Provisions of the Intolerable Acts included all the following except:
• 1) Boston Harbor would be closed until the colonist paid for the destroyed tea.
• 2) Committees of correspondence were banned.
• 3) British troops would be allowed to be housed wherever necessary.
• 4) Parliament appointed General George Washington, governor of Massachusetts.
The meeting of delegates from all the colonies except Georgia in September
1774 was called:
• 1) the American Revolution
• 2) the Boston Massacre
• 3) the Boston Tea Party
• 4) the First Continental Congress
______ was put in charge of the Committee of Safety, which had the
power to call out the militia.
• 1) Samuel Adams
• 2) John Adams
• 3) James Otis
• 4) John Hancock
Although most colonists believed that war could be avoided, in March 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his most famous
speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses which ended with the words “give me liberty or give
me death.”
Patrick Henry
Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace-- but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The
next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding
arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that
gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and
slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me,
give me liberty or give me death!
British spies had learned that the Massachusetts militia was storing
arms and ammunition at Concord. They also heard that Samuel
Adams and John Hancock were in Lexington, and sent troops to arrest
them. Paul Revere and others spread the news about the British
troop movements.
John Hancock
Samuel Adams
Paul Revere
Listen my children and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;
Hardly a man is now aliveWho remembers that famous day
and year.
-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Nearly 4000 Minutemen and militiamen defeated the British
regulars at Lexington and Concord on the morning of April 19, 1775. The war for
American independence had begun.
Minutemen
Those who supported the British were called Loyalists.
Those who sided with the rebels were called Patriots.
Loyalists were British North American colonists who remained loyal subjects of the British crown during the American
Revolution. They were also called Tories, King's Men, or Royalists. Their colonial
opponents, who supported the Revolution, were called Patriots, Whigs, Rebels,
Congress Men, or, in view of their loyalty to the new United States of America, just
Americans.
FOR UNDERSTANDING
Although most colonists believed that war could be avoided, in March 1775, ______ delivered his most
famous speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses urging action.
• 1) Patrick Henry
• 2) James Otis
• 3) John Hancock
• 4) Samuel Adams
______ and others spread the news about British troop movements.
• 1) John Hancock
• 2) James Otis
• 3) Paul Revere
• 4) John Adams
Nearly 4000 Minutemen and militiamen defeated the British
regulars at ______ on the morning of April 19, 1775.
• 1) Yorktown and Saratoga
• 2) Jamestown
• 3) Bunker Hill
• 4) Lexington and Concord
Those who supported the British during the Revolutionary War were
called:
• 1) Minutemen
• 2) Separatists
• 3) Patriots
• 4) Loyalists
Those who sided with the rebels during the Revolutionary War were
called:
• 1) Patriots
• 2) Loyalists
• 3) Tories
• 4) Suffragists
Which of the following is a quote from Patrick Henry?
• 1) “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”
• 2) “Give me liberty or give me death!”
• 3) “All men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
• 4) “Taxation without representation is tyranny!”