The road to…. · Definitions - 2 RGI “Geovisualization (visualization of geographic information), …, is the use of concrete visual representations and human visual abilities

Centre for Geo-Information1 RL01

RGI

Ron van Lammeren300505

The road to….

RGI: geo-visualization


RGI

• Geo-visualisation• Types of geo-visualisation• Interacting by interfaces• Role of geo-visualisation• Usability and perception• Constructing visualizations• Visualisation perspectives

Contents

Cairo


RGI

• reader : Lo, Yeung : Kraak, Ormeling

References


RGIWorld and Humankind

World

Digital language

Pictorial language

Human language


RGI3000 B.C.


RGIEuropean Middle Ages


RGIOrtho-projections


RGIMock ups


RGINeed for different projections


RGIWinning Still


RGIAbout visualize and geovisualize

> An act of cognition, a human ability to develop mental representations that allow us to identify patterns and create or impose order MacEachren, 1992

> It’s a series of transformations that convert rawsimulation data into displayable images. The goal of the transformation is to convert the information into a format understanding by the human perceptualsystem Visvalingam, 1994

> Geovisualization is the use of computers to createrepresentations of spatial data for the purpose of data exploration MacEachren 1994


RGIDefinitions - 2“Geovisualization (visualization of geographic information),

…, is the use of concrete visual representations and human visual abilities to make spatial contexts and problems visible” Kwan 2003 after MacEachren 1999

“…geovisualization grows out of research issues concerning the representation of and interaction with large amounts of complex data, though in its case, the data are specifically geospatial (referenced to the earth’s surface).” Edsall 2003

“Geo-visualization - the use of visual geospatial displays to explore data and through that exploration to generate hypotheses, develop problem solutions and construct knowledge” Kraak 2003


RGIDefinitions - 3

“Geovisualization is more than the creation of alternative visual representation of the data (after Fairbairn et al. 2001). It also concerns the geocomputational methods and techniques behind processing the images, the environment in which the images are used (i.e., the interface) and the question ‘‘does it work?’’ (i.e., cognitive aspects)”

“Geovisualization can be described as a loosely bounded domain that addresses the visual exploration, analysis, synthesis and presentation of geospatial data by integrating approaches from cartography with those from other information representation and analysis disciplines, including scientific visualization, image analysis, information visualization, exploratory data analysis and GI Science“

Kraak 2005 after Dykes, et al., 2005


RGIWhy to visualise

• To motivate• To demonstrate an idea• To create mental models out of spatial elements and their relations• To put information in a (spatial) context

[ Dransch, 2000; Bill, 2001]

Random


RGI

• reader : Lo, Yeung

Types of geo-visualisation


RGIZube’s classes

Perceptual Conceptual

Static

Dynamic

Photo

Photo manipulation

Perspectivedrawing

Diagrams

Maps

Sketches

Animation

Movie / Video

Computer model

Digital maps

Radar

Landscape visualizationby Zube 1987 (!)

ComputerPerspective

What means dynamic ?


RGIReal Digital ‘reality’


RGI

Level I(Current Archive)

Level II(Space Shuttle)

Level III(RTV)

Level IV(RTV)

Level V(RTV)

90 m spacing 30 m spacing 10 m spacing 3 m spacing 1 m spacing

Spatial resolution


RGI3D GEO-VISUALIZATION

From carto-conceptual into photo-realistic


RGICommunicative environment


RGIGeo VR use


RGI

Milgram (1994), Nothelfer (2002)

Reality-Virtuality continuum


RGIOverview

Realism/Perceptual Carto-Symbolic/Conceptual

Static Stills

Animation Digital video

Viewer dynamics Virtual reality

Object dynamics VR simulations / games

cross-overs !!


RGI

• reader : Lo, Yueng : Kraak, Ormeling• assignments: 2, 3 and 4

Geo-data and geo-data visualisation


RGIInterest in Geo-information

Automatic data capture

Processing of data by algorithms (of others)Man-computer interactionDigital communication

Realisation by robots

Separation between data storage and data visualization Freedom of visualization via content, lay out and perspective


RGI

Figure 2.1: WGDM model (from R. v/d Schans)

WDGM-model


RGI2 digital models

World Visual Presentation by a viewer

DigitalWorldModel

DigitalVisualizationModel

DWM DVM


RGIContent of DWM and DVM

Digital World Model (DWM)

Digital Visualization Model (DVM)/rgb2cmyk{3{1 exch sub 3 1 roll}repeat 3 copy @MN @MN 3{dup 5 -1 roll sub negexch}repeat}bd/rgb2g{2 index .299 mul 2 index .587 mul add 1 index .114 mul add4 1 roll pop pop pop}bd/WaldoColor_5 where{pop}{/SetRgb/setrgbcolor ld/GetRgb/currentrgbcolor ld/SetGry/setgray ld/GetGry/currentgray ld/SetRgb2 systemdict/setrgbcolor get def/GetRgb2 systemdict/currentrgbcolor get def/SetHsbsystemdict/sethsbcolor get def/GetHsb systemdict/currenthsbcolor get def/rgb2hsb{SetRgb2 GetHsb}bd/hsb2rgb{3 -1 roll dup floor sub 3 1 roll SetHsbGetRgb2}bd/setcmykcolor where{pop/SetCmyk_5/setcmykcolor ld}{/SetCmyk_5{cmyk2rgb SetRgb}bd}ifelse/currentcmykcolor where{pop/GetCmyk/currentcmykcolorld}{/GetCmyk{GetRgb rgb2cmyk}bd}ifelse/setoverprint where{pop}{/setoverprint{/$op xd}bd}ifelse/currentoverprint where{pop}{/currentoverprint


RGIData model development

Description of geographic phenomena by location, size, shape and meaning within 2D or 3D geo-reference systems via geographic data models. - static -

Description of the changes of geographic phenomena by geographic spatial-temporal models. - dynamic -

Ergo:2D 2D + Δt3D3D + Δt


RGIConcept

GeoVisualisationGeoData 2D 2D + ΔT 3D 3D + ΔT2D2D + Δt2.5D2D + Δt3D3D + Δt


RGIExamples


RGI

• Geographic - data driven = vis. 2D data model • Geographic - mathematical = vis. 2D simulation model• Geometric icons = vis. approximation of 3D. reality• Communicative environment = indirect (multi)actor/

avatar interaction• Virtual world = direct (multi)actor interaction

Batty’s classification


RGIGeographic data - 2D


RGI2D simulation


RGIGeographic 2.5D


RGIAbout 2D and 3D


RGI

cases RIVM message land use changes

information intensity COMPARE LIM.

immersion LIM.

interaction LIM.

intelligence NO

Geovisualization items

LEVEL OF DETAIL

COGNITIVE MAPS

NAVIGATION, MANIPULATION

FEEDBACK

Salix

Documents

The road to…. · Definitions - 2 RGI “Geovisualization (visualization of geographic information), …, is the use of concrete visual representations and human visual abilities