THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR

CHAPTER 18/19

1848 election Dem-Gen. Lewis Cass Whigs-Taylor (Fillmore as VP) Free Soil—Van Buren

“free soil, free speech, free labor, free men”

KEY ISSUE--SLAVERY ABOLITION?

Compare slaves to wage earners Free Soil party

Missouri Compromise

Popular Sovereignty—

3 Great Leaders Clay—”Great Pacificator”

Calhoun-”Great Nullifier”

Webster—Pro-Union til the end

William Seward

NY Senator No concession on slavery “higher law than Constitution” Immorality of slavery New conscience of north

The problem of California 1849-gold rush Need a constitution & statehood Lawlessness abounds

Southern worries California? New Mexico & Utah? Loss of slaves from Underground RR.

North vs. South North Doesn’t want secession South Controls Presidency, Senate, Supr. Ct

Need a compromise Daniel Webster’s “Seventh of March Speech”

Compromise at all costs

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 NORTH California—free Abolish slave trade in

Washington D.C. Disputed territory to

New Mexico

SOUTH Texas gets $10 mil

from Fed. Gov’t New Mex & Utah use

popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law

Get to go to the North to take back runaways

PRESIDENT TAYLOR Dislikes Compromise But, dies in office

Fillmore takes over Ok to Compromise of 1850 “Compromise Saves Union”

Results of Compromise:

Election of 1852

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 ELECTION Pierce-Dem Pro-Slavery Northerner Scott-Whigs Pro-Fugitive Slave Law

Ends Whig Party

PIERCE AS PRESIDENT Expansionist

1-easy route to California—use Nicaragua William Walker Result: Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Brit.

2-Japan Commodore Perry 1854 treaty for trade rights

PIERCE CONTINUED 3-Gadsen purchase 1852

Southern-New Mexico & Arizona Near Gila River $10 mill to Mexico Needed for transcontinental rr

Cuba Ostend Manifesto

Cuba as the next slave state?

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852

Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.

2 million in a decade!

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854

Use popular sovereignty Need territory organized to get

Transcontinental RR built Act-proposed by Stephen Douglass Senator from ILL Benefits ILL—Chicago is Eastern port for RR

Needs Southern voters to pass this Act Southerners want slavery here

Reaction to K-N Act Abolishes Missouri Compromise

Republican Party develops Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free Soilers Know-Nothings

Kansas Bleeds

“Bleeding Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)

1856 Election

James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig/Know

Nothing

Election of 1856 Results

Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857

The Problems in Kansas 1857 1- 1855 Territorial legislature elected

1st-anti-slavery 2nd pro-slavery

Which territorial gov’t is the right one? NEED A COMPROMISE?? 2-Le Compton Constitution 1857

Vote for the Kansas Constitution with slavery or without slavery

If no slavery, Kansas slave owners can keep slaves in Kansas

President Buchanon—agree! Stephen Douglass-LeCompton is undemocratic

1857 Economic Panic Reasons

1-increased gold from Calif—inflation 2-increased speculation on land & RR 3-Crimean War in Europe—increases demand

for grain—increase Supply Decreased price

South—”Cotton is King”

Lincoln-Douglass Debates 1858 for Illinois Senate

A House divided against itself, cannot stand~Abe Lincoln

Freeport Doctrine~S. Douglass

John Brown @Harper’s Ferry

Election of 1860

Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional Union

Stephen DouglasNorthernDemocrat

John BreckenridgeSouthern Democrat

Republican Platform No extension of slavery (free soilers) Protective Tariff (industrialists) Gov’t $ to build RR (NW) Internal improvements with Federal $ (W) Free homesteads for farmers No abridgement of rights for immigrants

Other 3 Candidates & their issues Douglass

Pro-Popular Sov & anti-Fugitive

Breckenridge Annex Cuba Pro-extension of slavery

Bell Compromise Union needs to stay together

1860 Election—A nation coming apart!

Election Results