The rise of Socialism

Bleak view of factory system

Only checks on population growth were “nature’s natural methods” of war, disease, and famine

Views proved WRONG!

Another laissez-faire economist

Believed in the “Iron Law of Wages”

Opposed any government help for the poor

Hard work and limiting size of families

Goal of society should be “greatest happiness for greatest number” of citizens

Laws should be only if they are USEFUL

Influenced John Stuart Mill, who wanted laws to protect workers

The people as a whole—NOT individuals—own the means of production

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto 1848

Communism: Creation of a classless society

COMMUNISMDEMOCRATIC CAPITALISM (USA)

Class struggle Proletariat vs.

Bourgeoisie VIOLENT REVOLUTION Classless society

(“utopia”) Everyone is EQUAL,

GUARANTEED MUST stay put No trade No personal freedoms

Many social classes Class MOBILITY MUCH INEQUALITY NO guarantees! Able to have

personal freedoms and choices