The Rise of Nation-States

• Reconquista “reconquest” – Christian effort to drive Muslims from Spain

• Ferdinand and Isabella got married and this unified the country of Spain

• King Philip II expanded the size of the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere

Hundred Year’s War – conflict between England and France from 1337-1453• Cannon and longbow

– 1st time used in warfare

• Joan of Arc – led French to several victories, captured by English and burned at the stake for witchcraft on May 30, 1431

Problems of the Church

• Great Schism 1378-1417 division w/in the church because of the election of two popes

• Simony - selling of church offices

England

• William the Conqueror, leader of the Normand Conquest (1066), unified most of the country.

• Common Law had its beginnings during the reign of Henry II

• King John signed the Magna Charta, limiting the King’s power and giving more power to the people

• The Hundred Years War helped define England as a country.

France

• Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris, his dynasty eventually controlled most of France

• Joan of Arc helped unite the French people

• The Hundred Years War helped define France as a country.

Hugh Capet

• Shield of Edward the Black Prince: http://www.geocities.com/scalaska1/bigshield2.html

• Tunic: http://www.mwart.com/xq/ASP.productlg/pid.2066/qx/crusader-tunic-with-rope-belt.htm

• Map of First Crusade: http://alpha.montclair.edu/~lebelp/Millennium.html• Land Walls of Constantinople, recently restored to appear as they would have in 1204

A.D. http://www.geocities.com/egfrothos/FourthCrusade.html• troubadour: http://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htm• Thomas Aquinas: http://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htm• Dante’s Inferno, Gluttons: http://www.vampyra.com/demons/glutton.htm• Canterbury Tales:

http://www.germanistik.fu-berlin.de/lehrangebote/anglistik_ps_ue.html• Black Plague: http://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/biol103/lecture14/lecture14.html• Romanesque: http://art-of-paris.ca/history3.html• Reconquesta: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/Reconquest.html• Joan of Arc: http://www.hcdb.k12.hi.us/Studentwork/Joan.html• gothic cathedral: http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/gothic_arch.html

• Saladin: http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/sherwoodtimes/page5.htm• Black Pepper from: Salt-n-Peppers Plus.com• Ottoman Empire: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/• men of the city: http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/e‑album/lms.htm• craftsmen:

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/trevor.barker/farisles/guilds/armour/mail.htm

• Battle of Hastings as depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, the photo is from:

• http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl2a.html• Ferdinand and Isabella: http://www.ignatiushistory.info/00133.html