Slide 1

The Respiratory System Slide 2 The Respiratory System Overview The primary function of the respiratory system is to bring in oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body Other functions include inhaling and exhaling, and conditioning the air entering the body. The respiratory system primarily consists of the lungs and the airways that connect them to the outside world Slide 3 The Respiratory System Labelled Diaphragm Pleural Membrane Slide 4 Inhalation The process of taking air into the lungs Occurs when air pressure outside the body is greater than inside Diaphragm contracts creating more space in lungs this creates low pressure Rib cage muscles also contract so that the rib cage expands. Slide 5 Exhalation The process of taking air out of the lungs Occurs when air pressure inside the body is greater than outside Diaphragm relaxes creating less space in lungs this creates high pressure Rib cage muscles relax causing the rib cage to shrink Slide 6 Inhalation and Exhalation Slide 7 Exhalation vs. Inhalation Video Clip Slide 8 Inhalation: Air Flow Following inhalation air is pulled into the body entering the nasal cavity or mouth Nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens incoming air. The air passes over epithelial cells which are covered in mucous and also contain cilia Cilia = hair like projections that trap dust and bacteria Mucous = secretions of the nose also responsible for trapping bacteria and dust Slide 9 Mouth Breathers Lacks proper filtration system whereas the nose has the cilia and mucous Air entering the mouth is not as warm when compared to the nose (nose blood vessels warm the blood) Mouth breathing is thought to be connected to abnormal facial development, gingivitis, and crooked teeth. Can cause lack of sleep and poor academic performance. Slide 10 Break Time Collect H/W Assignment Slide 11 From Nasal Cavity to Larynx Air in the nasal cavity will move towards the pharynx Is the entrance of the throat The epiglottis is a muscular flap that prevents food from entering the trachea. Slide 12 From the Trachea to Bronchioles The trachea carries air to the bronchi (sing. Bronchus). Each bronchus carries air to the lung The bronchus then forms many branches called bronchioles which are spread throughout the lung Bronchiole muscle tissue can contract or relax to control oxygen intake. Slide 13 From Bronchioles to Alveoli The alveoli are tiny sac structures at the ends of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. Capillaries tightly surround each of the alveoli. The capillaries will be exchanging their carbon dioxide for the oxygen in the alveoli sacs using diffusion. Slide 14 Alveoli and Capillary Gas Exchange Slide 15 Diffusion Slide 16 Diffusion only takes place with a concentration gradient Gases will flow from a high concentration to a low concentration A high oxygen concentration in the alveoli and low oxygen concentration the blood capillaries causes oxygen to move into the capillaries. The opposite is true for carbon dioxide. Slide 17 Diffusion Slide 18 Oxygen Absorption Oxygen is absorbed by the structure named haemoglobin on a red blood cell. Specifically it is the iron on the haemoglobin that absorbs the oxygen. Slide 19 How is breathing controlled? Breathing is controlled by the medulla oblongata. Our body detects the level of acid which is produced by the carbon dioxide within our body. If there is a high level of carbon dioxide (low oxygen) in the blood, then the body sends signals to the diaphragm to breathe in. If there is a low level of carbon dioxide (high oxygen) in the blood, then the body will send signals to breathe out. Slide 20 Air Flow Chart PharynxTracheaBronchusBronchioleAlveoli Slide 21 Respiration Review Video Slide 22 Lungs and Smoking Slide 23 Statistics By 2030, if current trends continue, smoking will kill one in six people. Every eight seconds, someone dies from tobacco use. About 15 billion cigarettes are sold daily - or 10 million every minute. Among young teens (aged 13 to 15), about one in five smokes worldwide. Between 80,000 and 100,000 children worldwide start smoking every day - roughly half of whom live in Asia. Slide 24 Inside/Outside Activity: Cigarette Chemicals and Related Diseases Slide 25 Smoking primarily damages cilia Recall: Cilia helps filter out harmful bacteria and dust particles Cigarette smoke has over 1000 times the level of carbon monoxide that is known to be harmful to human health. Cigarette smoke contains 4000 chemicals 40 of which increase the incidence of cancer Lungs and Smoking Summary Slide 26 Homework Read pages 103-107 Answer questions # 5-7 (Pages 107) Chapter 3 Review: # 9-18