THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

“Every Breath You Take”

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMThe four main functions:

Controls blood pHDelivers oxygen to body and

removes carbon dioxide as wasteDefends the body against invading

microbesProduces sounds

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMTHORACIC CAVITY: location

of respiratory organsPLEURA: contains a

lubricating fluid that allows lungs to expand and recoil smoothly

NASAL and ORAL CAVITIESWarms air up to body

temperature (37oC)Contains mucus producing cells

that trap dirt, debris and microbes.

Contains nose hairs and cells with cilia that also trap dirt and debris found in air.

TRACHEAA long tube made

up of cartilage that runs from the oral cavity to the lungs

Contains mucus secreting cells and cells with cilia that trap dirt and debris and microbes.

TRACHEA Contains the LARYNX which contains the vocal chords that allow us to make sounds.

Protected by the EPIGLOTTIS; a structure that keeps food from entering the trachea.

BRONCHIThe two

branches of the trachea

Contains mucus secreting cells and cilia

BRONCHIOLESBranches of

the bronchiAlso contains

mucus secreting cells and cilia

ALVEOLIThe location of gas exchange

between air and the bloodTiny air sacs that are very thin and

are found at the end of the bronchioles

Each cluster is surrounded by a network of capillaries

Gas exchange occurs by DIFFUSION

GAS EXCHANGEDeoxygenated blood flows form

heart to lungs through capillariesBlood has large carbon dioxide

concentration and small oxygen concentration while the alveoli is opposite

Gas diffuses across its concentration gradient

Oxygenated blood returns to heart to be circulated

DIAPHRAGMA thin muscle

that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

INHALATIONDiaphragm moves downChest cavity moves up

and outVolume in the cavity

increases, as pressure in the cavity decreases

INSPIRATION: air rushes in

EXHALATIONDiaphragm moves upChest cavity moves down

and inVolume in the cavity

decreases, as pressure in the cavity increases

EXPIRATION: air rushes out

TERMS TO KNOWTIDAL VOLUME: amount of air that

passes in and out of lungs with each breath

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY: maximum volume of air that can be held in lungs

VITAL CAPACITY: maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs

DISEASESASTHMA: a chronic disease

characterized by inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles that obstructs airflow

CYSTIC FIBROSIS: an over production of unusually thick mucus that clogs the airways

INFECTIONSINFLUENZA: caused by the flu

virusTUBERCULOSIS: a bacterial

infection that damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange

PNEUMONIA: an infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to fill with pus and mucus