The Republic of Indonesia - unescap.org D-Indonesia Report.pdf · The Republic of Indonesia. ... industry and transportation, as well as waste sectors. ... • Organic fertilizer

Bangkok, 17-18 March 2015

The Republic of Indonesia

EXPERT GROUP MEETING INTO NATIONALURBAN POLICIES


1. Country Profile2. Climate Change and Urbanization Related Problems3. Policies 4. Financing & Proposed Activities5. Capacities6. Institutional Arrangements

Outline


1. Country Profile


Country Profile

1. Country name

2. Land area in km2

3. Population number and growth (%)/year

4. Country GDP per capita in US$

5. Geographical setting (climate)

6. Urban population (%) and growth/year

7. Name, population and density per km2 of largest citySource: BPS


1.910.931,32 km2

237.641.3261.49 % per year

2,340.44 US$

Tropic, Humid

49.8 % and 19 % per year

Jakarta, 9.607.787


Distribution Of City In Indonesia


Population growth rate of 2,75% per yearaverage national population growth of 1,17% / year);

2025 … 68% population will live in cities2045 … 82 % population will live in cities

Pull Factors: Rapid growth of diverse activities in citiesDiscrepancy between urban – rural areasDevelopment of policy focuses on cities.

Push Factors:Decreased productivity in rural areasLand degradation, depletion of water resources support agricultural productivityLimited infrastructure and facilities in rural areas.Slow development of agricultural technology engineering

Percentage of Urban Population

Percentage of Rural Population

Urbanization in Indonesia

Source: Bappenas, BPS dan UNPF 2008 dan Analisis, 2013


2. Climate Change and Urbanization Related Problems


TRANSPORTATIONWASTE

INDUSTRY ENERGY

Urban Areas: Source of GHG Emissions


WATER SCARCITYFLOOD

HEALTHINUNDATION FROM SEA LEVEL RISE

Hazard of CC on Urban Areas

9

Kebijakan dan Strategi Pembangunan Perkotaan Nasional

City typologies (2011)

Disaster Risk Index 2011Medium High

Metropolitan 1 10Besar 0 16Sedang 13 43Kecil 3 8Jumlah 17 77

Persentase 18% 82%82% of cities in Indonesia are high risk on disasters.

Source: BNPB, Indeks Rawan Bencana Indonesia 2011.

Disaster Risk Index


In Indonesia, based on historical natural hazards data from 1907-2006, the first climate hazards categorized as global hazard

occurred in 1953 and then the hazards occurred more frequent after 1980s.

Global warming intensified the extreme climate event and its frequency

02468

101214

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Num

ber o

f Clim

ate-

Rel

ated

. H

azar

ds

Source: Boer and Perdinan (2008) based on data from OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database (2007)


Projection on increase in surface temperature


Rainfall Projection


Sea Level Rise

In 2050, sea level rise (SLR) due to global warming is projected to reach 35-40 cm relative to year 2000. The maximum SLR (including the dynamic of melting ice) can reach up to 175 cm in 2100)


Projected Sea Level Rise in Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang 2100


16

Vulnerability Component (Physical Component)

Vulnerability:Elevation Topography (slope)Land-use PopulationInfrastructure

Safwan Hadi, 2011


Vulnerability Component Using Social and Economy data, divided into:1. Adaptive Capacity2. Sensitivity and

Exposure

Source: SNC – MoE (2010)

Economic Lost due to Impact of Sea Level Rise and Tide in Jakarta

Source: RAD API DKI (2014)

Climate Risk Level for Multiple Hazard (Flood and Dengue Fever) in Jakarta

Baseline Condition - 2011

Source: RAD API DKI (2014)

Climate Risk Level for Multiple Hazard (Flood and Dengue Fever) in JakartaFuture Condition - SRES B1 2025

Risk 2010 Risk 2030

Scenario-3 (Extreme+La Nina+ Surge) 1b+2b+4+5 + (3) 255.1 m 269.8 m

RISK OF SEA LEVEL RISE AND TIDE IN TARAKAN

Restore Coastal ForrestCoastal pine trees

Restore Mangrove

ICZM:Managed RealignmentCoastal setbackProtection(hard and soft)

Accomodation

Accomodation

Adaptation Action Plan to Reduce Sea Level Rise at Tarakan City


3. Policies


Law on UNFCCC Ratification (1994)

Law on Disaster Management (2007)

Law on Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysical (2009)

Law on Environmental Protection and Management (2009)

National Action Plan for Climate Change (2007)

Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Road Map (ICCSR) (2010)

National Action Plan on GHG and GHG Inventory (2011)

National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptastion (2014)

Climate Village Program (Program Kampung Iklim) (2012

National Policies


Source: ICCSR (2010)

National Roadmap for CC Adaptation and Mitigation


Regulations • Presidential Regulation of The Republic of Indonesia No. 61 Year 2011: The National

Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emision Reduction

Objectives :• To design programs and activities in order to reduce the GHG emissions, particularly

in forestry and peat land, agriculture, energy, industry and transportation, as well as waste sectors. This shall be done at national and regional levels within the framework of sustainable development.

• To serve as a guidance on investment relating to coordinated GHG emission reduction at national and regional levels

MITIGATION: Indonesia National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emisions (RAN-GRK)


RAN GRK Sector

Reducing Emissions

(Giga ton CO2e)Tot Action Plan

26%15%

(Total 41%)

Forest and Peatland

0.672 0.367 1.039 • Land and Forest management

• Water Management, • Land and Forest

rehabilitation• Community

Empowerment

Waste 0.048 0.030 0.078 • Waste Management

Agriculture 0.008 0.003 0.011 • Introduction Low emission paddy variety,

• Water efficiency, • Organic fertilizer

Industry 0.001 0.004 0.005 • Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy

Energy and Transportation

0.038 0.018 0.056 • Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Public Transport

Total 0.767

0.422 1.189


ADAPTATION : Indonesia National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation for (RAN-API)The main objective of RAN API is the implementation of development system that is sustainable and is resilience to the impact of climate change.

RAN API directed to:1. Developing Economic Resilience2. Developing Livelihood Resilience

to the impact of CC3. Maintaining sustainability of

environmental services of the ecosystem

4. Strengthen the resilience in special regions such as urban areas


RAN-API in the National Development Planning


Source: RAN API (2014)

POLICIESTarget, Strategy and Action Plan in Urban Resilience

Step of Climate Change Adaptation

Identification target, area, and specifik

sector

Impact of

Climate Change

Vulnerability and Risk

Assesment

Developing adaptation

option

Adaptation Priority

Integration adaptation option on develop-

ment plan

Analysis of climate condition and extrim climate event

Developing of Future Climate Scenario

Assesment of Climate Impact (History)

Analysis of vulnerability and risk (history and projection)

Analysis on capacity of institution to manage impact of climate change

Source: MoEF, 2015


4. Financing & Proposed Activities


CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS TO BE FINANCED IN 2015 - 2019

Cross-cutting goals 1. Decreasing of greenhouse gas emissions in 5 priority sectors: forestry and peat lands, energy & transport, agriculture, industry and waste as much as 26% by 2019

2. The increasing of community resilience to climate change.

Programs 1. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation program

2. Identification, monitoring & evaluation of greenhouse effect and vulnerability of CC

3. Development of incentive and cooperation on CC mitigation and adaptation

4. Land and Forest fire control

5. Research and Development CC mitigation and Adaptation

Financial sources: National budget, bilateral and multilateral grant, private and public budget, ICCTF (Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund)

National Mid term Development Plan 2015-2019


Proposed Activities: Implementation of pilots

List of the City for pilots CCA:1. Semarang2. Pekalongan3. Blitar4. Bandar Lampung5. Batu6. Malang7. Tarakan



5. Capacities


Building Capacity

Infrastructure

Research on CC:

knowledge

Funding

CC Institution: Province,

City

Transfer Technology

CC Awareness

MonevEquipment

Source: beritasatu.com kompas.com, sayangi.com

Rehabilitation of River Bank in Jakarta

INFILTRATION WELL

BIOPORI

WATER CONSERVATION

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

RENEWABLE ENERGY: SOLAR CELL, METHAN , MICRO HYDRO


6. Institutional Arrangements


BMKG (Meteorological

Office) Min. of Environment

& Forestry

Min. of Develop-

ment Plan

Line/ Sectoral Ministry: Public Works, Health, Agriculture, Marine &

Coastal, Energy, Transportation

University Min. of Finance

Provincial, District, City, Community, Bussines, NGO

Climate Information

, History and

Projection Climate Change

Monitoring GHG,

Monitoring & Assessment of Climate Risk (Vulnerability

CC)

National Planning, Budgeting

Sectoral/Provincial/District/ City Planning and implementation and

supporting by community, bussines, NGO

SIGN : National Inventory GHG

SystemSIDIK: Inventory

System for Vulnerability Index

Implementation CC Adaptation and Mitigation

Inventory System for Vulnerability Index


Documents

The Republic of Indonesia - unescap.org D-Indonesia Report.pdf · The Republic of Indonesia. ... industry and transportation, as well as waste sectors. ... • Organic fertilizer