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The Renaissance. 1400-1600. 1.1 The Renaissance. Began in Florence Italy. Means “re-birth” after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in short span of time. Time of creativity and change in many areas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Renaissance1400-1600
Began in Florence Italy. Means “re-birth” after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque
Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman• Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in
short span of time.• Time of creativity and change in many areas
• political, social, economic, and cultural.• Humanism-focus on individual accomplishments• Paintings were realistic and focused less on religious
topics. • Rich families became patrons and commissioned great
art. (de Medici’s)
1.1 The Renaissance
court dances- fancy occasions for the upper class to show off in front of nobility. heavy gowns, large headdresses, long lacy sleeves, Movements were restrained and refined. Slides, glides,
small, slow steps, poses, and curtsies. first court dances were done low to the ground. (basse)
peasant dances- were lively and consisted of large, wide steps performed mostly on grassy town squares.
Dance – Renaissance: Court Dances
Types of dances
Pavane:
meaning “peacock.” a basse dance performed
at ceremonies for Kings and Queens
movements were slow walking steps, which traveled forward and backward.
Galliard:
a lively dance, which included a number of hops and kicking steps
Types of dances
The Allemande:
Consisted of four dances together
Hands were held at all times during this dance
Movements were made up in such a way as to keep partners joined together throughout the dance.
Now used for a step in square dancing.
The Courante:
This dance displayed gestures of courtship and flirtation
The steps included walks, tiny runs, and glides.
Other forms of entertainment at the court Jousting
Commedia dell’Arte- (Italy) means comedy of the professional guilds of artists
stock characters(10-12) some wore masks, special skills of the actors, acrobats,
dancers, musicians, and improvisers Slapstick humor short, physical comedy routines only venue for women actors until the
English stage in the late 17th century.
1.2 Drama/Theatre - Renaissance
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Elizabethan Theater English-speaking playwright 38 plays
tragedy, comedy, and English history
During the reign of Elizabeth I
His plays occur over long periods of time, in many locations, and involve multiple subplots in addition to the main plot.
violence on stage, ghosts and spirits.
platform on stage in which multiple locations could be imagined.
outdoor theatres Costuming was
everyday clothing Only men
Tragedy: Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius
Caesar, Othello Comedy:
A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew
History: Henry V
Examples of Shakespeare’s plays include:
In London built in 1599 Thrust stage Paid according to where you sat
The yard or pit- paid a penny. The gallery two pennies for the first level, three pennies
for the second and so on. Color of flag flying
Black- tragedy , white-comedy and red-history. Destroyed by fire in 1613 Second Globe Theatre was built on the same site June
1614 and closed in 1642 Virtual tour
The Globe Theatre
The Summary of Taming of the Shrew
The beautiful and gentle Bianca has no shortage of admirers (Lucentio, Gremio and Hortensio) but her father insists that she will not marry until her shrewish sister, Katharina, is betrothed.
Bianca's suitors persuade fortune-seeker Petruchio to court her. The suitors pay for any costs involved and there is also the goal of Katharina's dowry.
Petruchio marries Katharina and he carries Katharina off to his country house with his servant Grumio.
Petruchio intends to browbeat Katharina into submission and he denies her food, sleep and her new clothes, whilst continuously singing her praises.
Katharina is tamed. They return to Padua where Lucentio has won Bianca. At a
banquet they wager on who has the most obedient wife. Each wife is issued with commands but only Katharina obeys and
promptly lectures everyone on the importance of wifely submission
Character Map
"the shrew" refers to Katherine "tamer of the shrew" refers to Petruccio, sister in both the play and film have the same name,
Bianca. Baptista (the very wealthy father of Katherine and Bianca)
desires to find husbands for both his daughters, offering a fine dowry; Bianca, the younger and fairer, gets more offers for marriage, but Baptista, for some reason, desires his eldest, Katherine, the "shrew," to marry first, restricting Bianca. From there, the character who desires Bianca, Lucentio, finds Petruccio, who only wants to marry, to "tame" Katherine, so Lucentio accordingly can marry Bianca.
Taming of the Shrew
“Shrew” Katarina (Kat) "tamer" Patrick (or 'Pat'). Katarina's sister in both the play and film have the same name, Walter (the father of Kat and Bianca), of course, desires the best for his
daugters, as fathers ought. To Bianca's demise, their father restricts her dating without Kat dating as
well; Bianca, the more popular, extraverted, and absent-minded of the two, for her reasons, gets frustrated at her sister, Kat, who seems incapable of any positive human interaction.
For an upcoming dance, Bianca has a choice between two dates, Joey and Cameron, but her two rivaling dates find Pat, a rebellious teenager who plays the "shrew," and, who they think, may attract Kat, since, of course, Bianca cannot date without Kat.
Through Pat's often ridiculous and hilarious attempts, he wins Kat's heart, "taming" her anti-social ways.
10 Things I hate about you
1.3 Renaissance Music
Music helped to reconcile faith and reason
Movement from monophonic (one sound) to polyphonic
Polyphonic: many sounds Multiple musical lines together 2 or more separate voices or parts Rise of instrumental and secular music (non-
religious)
Council of Trent (1545-1562)
Reformation in the Catholic church Changes in music &
mass Away from
polyphonic Distracted from
text Wanted
monophonic
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 1525-1594 Italian Renaissance Composer polyphony perfect balance of voices, seamless phrasing the sound seems to never stop Every voice part is equally important
Pope Marcellus Mass Well-known work
Other Composers
John Dowland (1563-1626) English known for
melancholy songs- "Flow my tears”
Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594) Franco-Flemish who
studied polyphonic style
William Byrd (1543/1623) English wrote
church/liturgical music Claudio Monteverdi (1567-
1643) Italian composer, marked
the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period.
Opera-L'Orfeo,
Types of Music
Motet
Sacred music used in the Mass
Sung in Latin Polyphonic, use of Imitation Performed a cappella with
pure sound Performed by a small chorus
Madrigal
Secular music Use several languages (English,
Italian) Performed by a small chorus Polyphonic, use of Imitation Texts are sometimes about erotic
love Use of word painting Performed at a faster tempo Used at courtly social gatherings
1.4a Visual Art - Renaissance
Renaissance art united Christian faith and human reason.
Wealthy individuals and families supported learning and the arts through a system of patronage.
Wealthy patrons commissioned personal portraits, landscapes, and nudes.
Lorenzo de Medici was a member of the wealthiest family in Florence
Artists studied Classical Greek and Roman sculptures, as well as the science of anatomy
Linear perspective and atmospheric was discovered and allowed a completely realistic viewpoint.
Oil paint was invented in Northern Europe, and allowed artists to better capture realistic details.
Characteristics of
Renaissance Art
1. Realism & Expression
� Expulsion fromthe Garden
� Masaccio� 1427� First nudes
sinceclassical times.
2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
First use of linear
perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
� The Trinity� Masaccio� 1427
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will
become.
3. Classicism
� Greco-Roman influence.
� Secularism.� Humanism.� Individualism
free standing figures.
� Symmetry/BalanceThe “Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)
4. Emphasis on Individualism� Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:
The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino� Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
5. Geometrical Arrangement of
Figures� The Dreyfus
Madonna with the Pomegranate
� Leonardo da Vinci
� 1469� The figure as
architecture!
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening
Edges
Chiaroscuro
Sfumato
The Renaissance “Man”� Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.� Deep knowledge/skill in one area.� Able to link information from different
areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
� The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
� Renaissance Man Song
Botany, anatomy, music, architect, engineer Dissected corpses to learn how bones and
muscles work.
Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Famous Artists Leonardo da Vinci
(1452)
Leonardo, the Artist
� The Virgin of the Rocks
� Leonardo daVinci
� 1483-1486
Leonardo, the Artist:From hisNotebooks of over 5000
pages (1508-1519)
Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4
A Macaroni Mona
A Picasso Mona
An Andy Warhol Mona
A “Mona”ca Lewinsky
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry
Convent of Santa
Maria delle
Grazie
Milan
horizontal
vert
ical
Perspective!
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
� Detail of Jesus
� The Last Supper
� Leonardo da Vinci
� 1498
Deterioration
Leonardo, the Sculptor
� An Equestrian Statue
� 1516-1518
Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook
� Study of a central church.
� 1488
Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook
� Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook
� An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):
Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Inventor:
Pages from his Notebook
Family Guy
A study of siege defenses.
Studies of water-lifting devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his
Notebook
Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect Pieta, which captures the sorrow of Mary as
she cradles the dead Christ on her knees. Statue of David Sistine Chapel in Rome painted ceiling
Michelangelo Buonorrati (1475)
Michelangelo
� He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.
� David� 1504� Marble
15c
16c
What
a
difference
a
century
makes!
� The Pieta
� 1499
� marble
The Sistine Chapel
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Creation
of the Heavens
The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man
A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Fall from Grace
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment
Raphael (1483)
Painter Raphael studied
Michelangelo and da Vinci
Blended Christian and Classical styles.
Best known for his tender portrayals of the Madonna, the mother of Jesus.
The School of Athens (1509)
Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)
Self-Portrait, 1506 Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,
1514-1515� Castiglione
represented the humanist “gentleman” as a man of refinement and self-control.
Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael1504
Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna
Madonna della Sedia Alba Madonna
Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11� One point perspective.
� All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included A great variety of poses.
� No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere and
now].
Plato:looks to theheavens [or
the IDEALrealm].
The School of Athens – Raphael, details
1445-1510 Was a member of the Medici family His real name was Alessandro Filipepi Liked to paint religious paintings for
churches Most famous work is The Birth of Venus
Botticelli
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
The continuation of late medieval attention to details.
Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].
Interest in landscapes. More emphasis on middle-class and
peasant life. Details of domestic interiors. Great skill in portraiture.
1.4b Northern Renaissance Art
Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441) Developed oil
painting More courtly and
aristocratic work. Court painter to the
Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good.
The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.
Van Eyck -Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent Altarpiece, 1432
Van Eyck: The Crucifixion
&
The Last Judgment
1420-1425
Giovanni Arnolfini and His
Wife(Wedding Portrait)
Jan Van
Eyck
1434
Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife
(details)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) The greatest of German
artists. A scholar as well as an
artist. Scientist
Wrote books on geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.
Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.
Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Dürer – Self-Portrait in Fur-Collared Robe, 1500
One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age. In touch with humanists thoughts. Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies. A master of landscapes.
People in his works often have round, blank, heavy faces.
They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious.
They are types, rather than individuals. Their purpose is to convey a message.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525-1569)
Bruegel’s, Mad Meg, 1562
Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568
Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Proverbs, 1559
http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/RenaissanceArt3.swf
Renaissance Art Game
Time of rebirth after dark Middle Ages Artwork flourished “renaissance man”-someone who could do it
all Dances were performed at the King’s court
or in grassy towns by peasants. People wore heavy garments Shakespeare wrote plays that were
performed at the Globe theatre in London.
Renaissance Review