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After a century of war and riots, After a century of war and riots, France was ruled by Louis XIV, the France was ruled by Louis XIV, the most powerful monarch of this time.most powerful monarch of this time.
Religious Wars and Power Religious Wars and Power StrugglesStruggles
Henry of NavarreHenry of Navarre Henry, who was a Henry, who was a
French Calvinist French Calvinist (Huguenot) ascends (Huguenot) ascends to French throne in to French throne in 1589 and converts to 1589 and converts to Catholicism ending Catholicism ending the religious wars.the religious wars.
Issues Edict of Issues Edict of Nantes—a Nantes—a declaration of declaration of religious tolerationreligious toleration
Religious Wars and Power Religious Wars and Power StrugglesStruggles
Louis XIII and Louis XIII and Cardinal RichelieuCardinal Richelieu Louis XIII appoints Louis XIII appoints
Cardinal Richelieu in Cardinal Richelieu in 1624 as minister who 1624 as minister who rules France.rules France.
Increases power of Increases power of the Bourbons by the Bourbons by limiting Huguenots’ limiting Huguenots’ freedomfreedom
Also weakens power Also weakens power of the nobilityof the nobility
Writers Turn Toward Writers Turn Toward SkepticismSkepticism
A New AttitudeA New Attitude Skepticism—the idea that nothing can be Skepticism—the idea that nothing can be
known for certain. It resulted from those known for certain. It resulted from those who were horrified by groups that claimed to who were horrified by groups that claimed to be the only ones with a correct set of be the only ones with a correct set of doctrines.doctrines.
Montaigne and DescartesMontaigne and Descartes Montaigne explores ideas about life’s Montaigne explores ideas about life’s
meaning in essays.meaning in essays. Descartes uses observation and reason to Descartes uses observation and reason to
create new philosophy and help develop create new philosophy and help develop scientific method.scientific method.
Louis XIV Comes to Louis XIV Comes to PowerPower
A New French RulerA New French Ruler Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in
French history.French history. Louis the Boy KingLouis the Boy King
Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister while he was a boy, leads to minister while he was a boy, leads to riots.riots.
Louis Weakens the Nobles AuthorityLouis Weakens the Nobles Authority Louis takes control of the government in 1661.Louis takes control of the government in 1661. He appoints He appoints intendantsintendants—government agents—government agents
—to collect taxes.—to collect taxes. Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps the economy grow. He believes in the economy grow. He believes in mercantilism.mercantilism.
In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes; Huguenots flee France.Huguenots flee France.
The Sun King’s Grand The Sun King’s Grand StyleStyle
A Life of LuxuryA Life of Luxury Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.
Louis Controls the NobilityLouis Controls the Nobility Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his
power over them.power over them. Builds magnificent palace at VersaillesBuilds magnificent palace at Versailles
Patronage of the ArtsPatronage of the Arts Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Versailles is a center of arts during reign of
Louis XIVLouis XIV Purpose of the arts is to glorify LouisPurpose of the arts is to glorify Louis
Louis Fights Disastrous Louis Fights Disastrous WarsWars
Attempts to Expand France’s Attempts to Expand France’s BoundariesBoundaries Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s
to expand France.to expand France. 1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands.1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands. 1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.
In 1680s, many countries unite against In 1680s, many countries unite against him in League of Augsburghim in League of Augsburg
France is weakened by poor harvests, France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, and high taxes.warfare, and high taxes.
Louis Fights Disastrous Louis Fights Disastrous WarsWars
War of Spanish SuccessionWar of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession begins in War of Spanish Succession begins in
17011701 This war attempts to prevent the union This war attempts to prevent the union
of the French and Spanish throne.of the French and Spanish throne. War ends in 1714; France and Spain War ends in 1714; France and Spain
lose some possessions.lose some possessions.
Louis Fights Disastrous Louis Fights Disastrous WarsWars
Louis’s Death and LegacyLouis’s Death and Legacy Louis dies leaving mixed legacyLouis dies leaving mixed legacy Rule makes France a major military and Rule makes France a major military and
cultural power in Europecultural power in Europe His wars and palace leave France with His wars and palace leave France with
heavy debts.heavy debts.