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About Agri Business and Supply Chain Management
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5/24/2018 The Regional & Global Trends Shaping Agribusiness
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Value Chain Development in Nigeria
Unlocking the potential ofHorticulture Industry
through
10thDecember 2013
5/24/2018 The Regional & Global Trends Shaping Agribusiness
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Crop Demand
Increasing per capita income will enable a growing population to purchase more
and better food, fuelling the organic growth of agri-business.
Population growth: The U.N assumes 1.1% population growth over the next 30
years (a slowdown), expecting world population to exceed 9 billion by 2050.
Calorie intake per capita: Fastest growth in calorie consumption occurs when
income is less than $5,000/ year. 83% of the worlds population currently earns
less than $5,000/ year.
Quality of diet: Exponential growth in grain production necessary to meet
increasing meat demand. Compositional change in demand as people switch fromstarch-based to protein-rich diets. Demand for vegetable oils will continue to grow.
Bio fuels: Policies promoting bio fuels across the world and in particular in the US,
are adding to incremental demand.
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Crop Supply
Enhanced productivity will be the significant source of incremental crop
production.
Most recently net growth has been negligible with declines in the EU and US
roughly offsetting growth in Latin America and Asia.
Negative factors such as land degradation, industrialization, urbanization, water
restrictions, regulation and importantly climate change may be increasing.
Productivity/ yield gains have accounted for virtually all crop production growthover the last 10 to 15 years however some data suggests that yields may be slowing
on a global basis.
Water erosion vulnerability is a significant issue and new productivity gains will
have to be achieved with less water.
Currently farmers use 70% of global water supplies but are increasingly competing
with rapid urbanization for water supplies.
China and India in particular will be forced to divert water from agricultural uses to
urban populations, meaning they will become larger importers of grain than they
might have been had water not been a constraining factor.
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Foreign Investment Development in Infrastructure Technology Development
& Supply Chain
Market Development Governmental Support & Assistance
http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.endofthetrail-arica.cl/photos/1TAgro.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.endofthetrail-arica.cl/places.shtml&h=375&w=500&sz=84&hl=en&start=5&um=1&usg=__wEIzgh_wpnW7VAMM_sGyiCWRvwY=&tbnid=g6z6idWk8hBfkM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images?q=agro+market&um=1&hl=en&sa=N5/24/2018 The Regional & Global Trends Shaping Agribusiness
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New Technology
Drip Irrigation
Fertigation
Use of hybrids
Canopy Management
Balance use of water
Precision Farming
Protected Cultivation
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Irrigation Technology
It is a widespread belief that most of the work done by the donor agencies and
NGOs in Africa focused on symptoms and not on the cause to remove poverty
from the continent.
In the short run, the technology should pave the way for increased consumption,
asset accumulation, and reduced persistent poverty among users.
Over the longer run, it should lead to institutional feedbacks that support
sustained economic development and nutritional improvements.
Access, distribution, and useand the ways in which the design of the technology
itself can bridge institutional gaps.
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Drip irrigation system components and pathways
of impact
Access Distribution Use
Increased
Return to
Labor
Direct Cost
Savings
Increased
Return to
Land
Increased
Investments
and Returns
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abandonment
Marginal Change
Substantial Impact
++Initialadoption
Realization
of
efficiencies
Re-investment
and
growth
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Factors to be considered when selecting an irrigation
technology
1) Crop2) Field size and shape
3) Climate
4) Initial investment
5) Life expectancy of equipment
6) Yearly maintenance cost
7) Labor cost to operate
8) Flexibility of crop changes
9) Height of mature crop
10) Ease of management
11) Ability to move equipment to another field
12) Ability to remediate marginal soil conditions
13) Ability to leverage other operations such as the application of fertilizers and
chemicals
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Drip Irrigation Layout
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Irrigation Canal in Tanzania
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Irrigation Canal in Libya
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Harvesting
Summer heat contained in products
Chillingsanitizing salad vegetables in the field
Optimal but not practical in most areas
Field heat removal quickly after harvest
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Harvesting Technology
Reapers with efficient outputs
Vertical conveyor reapers
GRH-1.2 reaper operates with vertical upper delivery device
These reapers are widely adopted in south asian countries.
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Effective Sorting & Grading Technologies
Electronic Sorting Technology uses laser machines to sort based on
Colour
Structure
Size
Shape differences
FLUO Technology
Microwave Sensing grading Technology
NIR - Near Infra Red Sorting Technology
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Food Coatings
Use of Morpholine in Apple Coatings:
Morpholine is a substance which is added to some waxes used to coat apples
It is normally added to the wax as morpholine dissolves and spreads the wax
The wax is dried by a hot air treatment
Any residual morpholine evaporates
This is not practiced in India, even though the scope of apple exports, and
processing is increasing
Safety issues associated with this practice needs yet more research
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Improvement of Storage Life of Food Products
Use of titanium dioxide as Food Safety tool.
Role of Ozone in fresh food Sterilization.
Stabilization for shelf life extension.
Analysis of high pressure treatment as an alternative to pasteurization.
Calcium treatment to extend the shelf life of melons.
Control hormone levels of tomatoes to optimize their life expectancy.
Ultra-low blanching to increase the firmness; hence shelf life of canned vegetables.
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Supply Chain and Logistics Infrastructure
Pre-cooling System
Zero Energy Cool Chambers
Cold Storage
Controlled Atmosphere
Curing Chambers
Packing Centre
Distribution Centre
Cold Chain
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Cont
Africa offers great opportunity for manufacturing sector because of beingpreferred source of supply, low cost of land and labor and proximity to Europe and
American markets.
New ports like Lamu in Kenya are being developed and old ports like Mombasa are
being modernized.
There is a scope to integrate logistics infrastructure with SEZs, township
development and agricultural infrastructure to focus on short, medium and long
term development, thereby ensuring viability, sustainability and financial liquidity
of the project. The same project may include hospitality and healthcare tourism
within the township.
There are few large sized investible companies in this space, therefore they need
an umbrella organization to grow under, a PE Fund can assume that responsibility.
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Modern Loading Dock
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Mechanised Handeling
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Silo Technology- Shipping
Wagon Loading System Special Food grain Carrying Wagons
2 Discharges at Bottom
Top Hatch for Grain
Feeding
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Components of Cold Chain
It is basically a logistics system, which provides and maintains a series of facilities for
ensuring ideal storage conditions for perishables from point of harvest to the point
of sale.
This necessitates providing pre-cooling facilities, packaging, ripening, cold storage
facilities, reefer transportation etc. on an end-to-end basis.
Farm
(Point of
Harvest)
Pre-
cooling
Storage(Cold
Storage/
CA)
Processing
/
Packaging
Storage/
Distributio
n Centre
Retail
(Point of
Sale)
Transportation TransportationInbound
Logistics
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Critical Success Factors
COLD CHAINPlant
Equipment &Packaging
Different
PrivatePlayers
Finance &Insurance
Cold Logistics& IT
Solutions
R&D
Institutions
Govt. Policies& Support
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Key Challenges in Cold Storage Industry
Integration of the Cold Chain
Technology
Lack of Modernization
High Project Cost and High Working Capital Requirement
High Cost of Power
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Case Study - Cold Store Logistics Park, Hong Kong
Packing & Ripening
Centre
Fresh Produce Cold Centre
for storageTemperature-Controlled Dock
Trading Arenaeasy access & well
planned layout
Discharge &
Parking Zone
Business Complexprovide exhibitions services for
local & international clients
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A Case Study - Pan India Rail Dedicated Freight
Corridor
Connecting the modern FTWZs
Strategic Rail Terminal Network
across India
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Case Study - Wholesale Market Evolution in India
TWMTRADITIONAL WHOLESALE MARKET
Price discovery
Aggregation
Physical exchangeServing 1.1 bn population
MTMMODERN TERMINAL MARKET
Hub & Spoke Model
Transparent & efficient
price discoveryStronger farm linkages
Market information
Storage facilities
Integrated trade for fresh
MFPMEGA FOOD PARK
Synergistic cluster based
approach
Value addition facilitiesCommon infrastructure
Scale of economy
Integrated trade of fresh
as well as processed
Wholesale Market Evolution in India
Enablers: Government support, modern trade, increased awareness
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Case study USA - Solar Powered Refrigerated
Warehouses
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View of a Wholesale Market on Weekend
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Mega Food Park - ConceptCluster Based Approach
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Integrated Model for Africa
Irrigation development and enabling infrastructure for modernizing agriculture
Deployment of self sufficient renewable energy (solar and bio-gas) systems to reduce
reliance on conventional non-renewable energy sources for irrigation and other uses
Capacity building and institution building for sustainability of initiatives
Market linkages and off take of agricultural produce and creation of storage,
handling, supply chain and procurement infrastructure
Processing and value addition infrastructure
Reverse logistics and distribution of farm inputs to the project area including high
yielding tissue culture planting material
Establishment of tissue culture laboratory
Credit support, assured farming and guaranteed price discovery
Investment in research and development for commercializing technologies and their
suitability to the local conditions
Replication of the project learning, demonstrations and scaling up
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Biggest Value Opportunities
Seeds
Water
Fertilizer
Machinery
Land Capital
Farmer
Feed
Dairy