The Reformation has an impact on Europe and European settlement in North America. The Dutch...
42
AP FOCUS The Reformation has an impact on Europe and European settlement in North America. The Dutch Separatists (Pilgrims) depart Holland in the Mayflower and establish the Plymouth Colony (1620), where they lay the foundation for a government in the form of The Mayflower Compact. The Colony merges with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 Religious discontent and divisions stimulate the creation of other colonies, such as the One established by “dissenters” in Rhode Island and William Penn’s Quaker colony in Pennsylvania
The Reformation has an impact on Europe and European settlement in North America. The Dutch Separatists (Pilgrims) depart Holland in the Mayflower and
The Reformation has an impact on Europe and European settlement
in North America. The Dutch Separatists (Pilgrims) depart Holland
in the Mayflower and establish the Plymouth Colony (1620), where
they lay the foundation for a government in the form of The
Mayflower Compact. The Colony merges with the Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1691 Religious discontent and divisions stimulate the
creation of other colonies, such as the One established by
dissenters in Rhode Island and William Penns Quaker colony in
Pennsylvania
Slide 2
The motives and incentives for colonization were varied;
however, many early English colonists were inspired to resettle in
North America for religious and economic reasons. Religious dissent
and challenges to the religious and political status quo emerges in
the Massachusetts Bay Colony. For example, Anne Hutchinson
challenged the rigidity of the Puritan leadership. Banished from
the Bay Colony, she helped to establish a new colony in Rhode
Island. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was, in a very real sense, the
Nucleus for latter colonies, especially in New England. (Map, p.
52). By the mid-seventeenth century, the middle colonies of
Delaware, new Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania were
established.
Slide 3
Iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation Disputed the claim
that freedom from Gods punishment for sin could be purchased with
money. Those who agree with Luthers ideals are called Lutherans
Translated the Bible into the vernacular, opposed to the
traditional Latin, allowing many more people to access it
Slide 4
1517: WHO NAILED HIS 95 THESES TO THE CATHEDRAL DOOR? BASIC
IDEAS: -BIBLE/SCRIPTURE WAS THE ONLY SOURCE OF GODS WORD -PEOPLE
ARE SAVED BY GRACE ALONE (SALVATION IS A GIFT FROM GOD-CANT BE
EARNED) -SAVED SIMPLY BY FAITH IN GOD.
Slide 5
Preached Calvinism which stressed Predestination. (Those going
to heaven or hell have already been determined) -Established that
people were sinful and only predestined would go to heaven. -Looked
for signs throughout life to see predestination -Whose predestined?
-Helped to establish Protestant work-ethic
Slide 6
Belief that faith alone is necessary to salvation, regardless
of moral law Rejected the ideals of the Calvinists and the
Quakers
Slide 7
The establishment of the Protestant church also created other
conflicts. Puritan branch began to purify the Church of England.
(Only Visible Saints should be admitted to the church.) *Pilgrims
wanted to break free from the church because the saints would have
to sit with the damned. *What happened to the Pilgrims?
Slide 8
The landing Bay of the Pilgrims in 1620 Harsher living
conditions than the pilgrims were accustomed to Site of the first
Thanksgiving
Slide 9
After brief hiatus in Holland, the Pilgrims completed agreement
with the Viriginia company to go to America in 1620. Mayflower
Compact? Who was Myles Standish? Winter of 1621 killed 68 0f 102.
Determined to stay through prayer and bond with the Massasoit
Indians, they survived Economy based on fur, trapping, fishing, and
lumber. Absorbed by Mass. Bay Colony in 1691.
Slide 10
Refers to the sudden influx of Puritans to the New World
Families were brought along for the journey now, not simply
individuals Most migrants were chiefly motivated by a quest for
freedom to practice their puritan religion
Slide 11
Significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16 th and 17
th centuries Included Calvinists Puritans believed that secular
governors are accountable to God to protect and reward virtue,
including "true religion", and to punish wrongdoers Calvinists
generally believed that the worship in the church ought to be
strictly regulated by what is commanded in the Bible
Slide 12
First governing document of the Plymouth colony Written by the
Separatists onboard the Mayflower Signed November 11, 1620 Stated
that Colonists would use their own liberty; for none had power to
command them
Slide 13
Group of Puritans were given a royal charter in 1629. Charter
was brought to America and used a constitution. (Another step
towards self-governing.) *11,000 Puritans came on initial voyages
and very well-equipped. *John Winthrop? *Colony thrived on the
economy of trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.
Slide 14
Bible Commonwealth-A democracy run on Biblical principles.
Right to vote was given to all freemen (Adult men who were members
of congregational church.) -Church members felt that the common man
was incapable of voting wisely. They also wanted to retain
government control in the hands of the church. Only 40% of men and
no women were allowed to vote. Was this OK? *The Puritans arrived
as family units, different than the Southern colonies, and stayed
devoted to their religion and family throughout colonial
America.
Slide 15
Wealthy Puritan lawyer, and one of the leading figures in the
founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Governed the colony for 12
of its first 20 years. Pictured the colony as a Puritan City upon a
hill
Slide 16
Who was John Cotton? Sermons were long and moving and drew the
line between right and wrong and between Heaven and Hell. Local
congregations could hire/fire their local pastor and that was why
it is called congregationalist religion. Strict moral code to
uphold right and wrong. Devil, sin, and hell were very real ! Must
be guarded against! Day of Doom?
Slide 17
Tensions flared in region when people questioned teachings.
Quakers? Anne Hutchinson? Roger Williams: -Differing religious
views got him ousted from Massachusetts and he started Rhode
Island. Attracted people who and a desire for independence and R.I
became a royal colony in 1644. Sewer Colony?
Slide 18
Puritan woman who challenged the Puritan clergy established in
Boston at the time Began holding meetings in her home, denouncing
the local sermons, and the preachers She espoused a covenant of
grace while saying the local ministers preached a covenant of works
Killed in her home as a result of a Native American rampage
Slide 19
Early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of
church and State Started the first Baptist church in America: First
Baptist Church of Providence Learned Native American Languages, and
sought fair deal with the Indians Also opposed slavery and was the
first to attempt to prohibit it in the original 13 colonies
Slide 20
Puritan colonial leader, founded the Colony of Connecticut
Known as an outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian
suffrage Helped ratify the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which
is arguably the first written constitution known to history that
created a government
Slide 21
Connecticut: Founded in 1635 (Led by Reverend Thomas Hooker,
they were attracted to good farmlands rather than by religious
purposes.) *Wrote Fundamental Orders: Americas first written
constitution. *1623: Maine annexed by Massachusetts *1641: New
Hampshire annexed by Mass. *3/4 of the Englishmen that came to
America were indentured servants and an estimated 40% died in
servitudes.
Slide 22
Initial relations were good with the Indians of the region.
(Disease had already claimed lots of the population) *Squanto/1 st
Thanksgiving/White- Wampanoag Peace Treaty. *Pequot War of 1637
*King Phillips War of 1675. (3 Ds show up here!)
Slide 23
Leader of the Wampanoag, and the Wampanoag Confederacy Never
let his people convert to Christianity under his rule. Created a
shaky peace with the colonists, that collapsed upon his death
Father of Metacom (King Phillip)
Slide 24
Spanned from 1634-1638 Consisted of the Pequot tribe fighting
and alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook
colonies Hundreds were killed and hundreds more were captured and
sold into slavery. Ultimately led to the Pequot losing all
credibility During the war, John Masons men burned an entire Pequot
village of women and children to the ground
Slide 25
Refers to the overthrow of King James II of England Also known
as the Bloodless Revolution Dutch Stadtholder William III invaded
England with a Dutch army and ascended to the throne as William III
of England
Slide 26
Short-lived military alliance of Massachusetts, Plymouth,
Connecticut, and New Haven Primary purpose was to unite the Puritan
colonies against the Native Americans Charter allowed for the
return of fugitive criminals and indentured servants In practice,
none of its goals were accomplished
Slide 27
1643: NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION WAS ESTABLISHED. MAIN REASON?
COLONIES WERE BASICALLY SEMI- AUTONOMOUS COMMONWEALTHS. CHARLES II
DROPPED THE HAMMER! (WHAT DID HE DO?)
Slide 28
Series of laws that restricted use of foreign shipping for
trade between England and its colonies Their goal was to force
colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop
direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other
European countries.
Slide 29
1686: DOMINION OF NEW ENGLANDWAS CREATED. WHAT WERE ITS GOALS?
WHAT WERE THE NAVIGATION ACTS? TELL ME ABOUT SIR EDMUND ANDROS?
IMPACT OF GLORIOUS REVOLUTION? CHANGE CAME BUT NOT TO MASSCAHUSETTS
ADVANTAGE. WHY?
Slide 30
Administrative union of English colonies in the New England
region of North America The Dominion ultimately failed because the
land it encompassed (present-day Main, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey)
Was too large for a single governor to manage Sir Edmund Andros was
appointed governor, and was highly unpopular
Slide 31
After gaining independence from Spain with Englands help, they
set up Dutch East India Company (Spice Islands of Indonesia) and
Dutch West India Company (West Indies). (More Raiding than
Trading!) *Explorer Henry Hudson sought hew areas and sailed into
Delaware Bay and up the Hudson river. *DWIC bought the island of
Manhattan from local Indians in exchange for a few trinkets. To
encourage settlements, patroonships were awarded to promoters whod
settle 50 people in the colony. *New Amsterdam developed an
aristocratic flavor and attracted a wide range of people.
Slide 32
The Dutch were cruel to the Indians and the Indians fought
back. What happened? What did New England think of the Dutch? New
Sweden was created and placed on the other side of the Delaware
River from 1638-1655. What happened then and who was involved? (At
least they left what great building structure?)
Slide 33
Last Dutch Director-general of the colony of New Netherland,
before it was given to the English, and re-named New York He
expanded the colony beyond the southern tip of Manhattan Also built
the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal that became Broad
Street, and Broadway
Slide 34
In 1664, the Duke of York was granted the area of New
Amsterdam. The British fleet arrived and they claimed the area from
Peter Stuyvesant without a shot. Named New York after its grantee,
the area of New York remained an area of Dutch influence in what
regards?
Slide 35
Quaker Founded Pennsylvania as a haven for all people,
especially Quakers Created many successful treaties with the Lenape
Indians Was given the land by King Charles II, who owed a debt to
Penns father
Slide 36
Why were they called Quakers? What were their major beliefs?
They clashed with religious and civil leaders because they refused
to pay taxes that would go to the Church of England. They met in
simple meeting houses without a formal preacher and spoke up when
so moved. Penn was awarded a large tract of land in 1681 to make
Pennsylvania. Best-Advertised Colony?
Slide 37
Religion of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania Quakers were
hung in the Massachusetts Bay Colony Pennsylvania provided them a
safe haven In Rhode Island 36 Governors for the first 100 years
were Quakers
Slide 38
The colony officially began in 1681 but there were already
thousands of squatters in the area. Philadelphia, the city of
brotherly love, was carefully planned out with wide boulevards and
planned streets. Penn tried to deal justly with the Indians and
bought large tracts from Chief Tammany. Relations stayed good
between Indians and Quakers but Scots-Irish people treated the
Indians like savages.
Slide 39
Why was Pennsylvania so appealing? A.) B.) C.) D.) E.) (Too bad
Penn wasnt appreciated for his efforts and was jailed twice for
treason and debt and died of a stoke.) *Tell us about Benjamin
Franklin!
Slide 40
The Middle Colonies consisted of New York, New Jersey,
Delaware, and Pennsylvania. They all had fertile soil and large
tracts of land. Came to be known as the Bread Colonies because of
all the grain they exported. They also had many useful rivers
running through them like the Susquehanna, Delaware, and Hudson.
They were a combined looking area with similar features to their
Northern and Southern neighbors. How?
Slide 41
What religious turmoil in the Old World resulted in the little
colony of Plymouth in the New World? Why was the initial and
subsequent colonization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more
successful than Plymouth? How did the colony of Plymouth and
Massachusetts Bay Colony contribute to the origins of American
independence and Government? What were the contributions to
American Independence and government from the New England
Confederation, the Dominion of New England, and the Glorious
Revolution?
Slide 42
What role did religious intolerance play in the founding of New
England colonies other than Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay and in
the founding of some middle colonies? Besides England, what other
nations influenced the colonization of the Atlantic coast of North
America? How did the colonization of Pennsylvania differ from the
New England colonies and other middle colonies?