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The Real 4G – LTE-Advanced

Presented by: Clive Wan

Senior Business Development Manager

Aeroflex Asia Limited

Standardization Schedule for IMT/LTE-Advanced

3GPP RAN

LTE CR phase

#38 #39 #40 #41 #42 #43 #44 #46 #47 #48 #49 #50 #51 #52 #53

WS 2nd WS

Work itemStudy itemLTE-Advanced

Technicalspecifications

2009 2010 20112007 2008

ITU-RWP5D

meetings

Proposals

Evaluation

Consensus

Specification

WRC-07

Circular letter to invite proposals

Spectrum identified

Circular letter

Study item approved in 3GPP

Agreed on requirements for IMT-Advanced

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11

Release 10 Specification to be approved

#45

Standardization Schedule for IMT/LTE-Advanced

3GPP RAN

LTE CR phase

#38 #39 #40 #41 #42 #43 #44 #46 #47 #48 #49 #50 #51 #52 #53

WS 2nd WS

Work itemStudy itemLTE-Advanced

Technicalspecifications

2009 2010 20112007 2008

ITU-RWP5D

meetings

Proposals

Evaluation

Consensus

Specification

WRC-07

Circular letter to invite proposals

Agreed on LTE-Advanced requirements

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11

Complete submission incl. self-evaluation ofLTE-Advanced

#45

Initial technology submission ofLTE-Advanced

LTE-A: Key Technologies Study

Max. 4 streams

LTE-A

Max. 8 streams

Carrier Aggregation

DL enhanced MIMO UL enhanced MIMO

RelaysCoMP

General Requirements for LTE-Advanced

� LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE

� LTE-Advanced shall meet or exceed IMT-Advanced

requirements within the ITU-R time plan

� Extended long-term LTE-Advanced targets

Syste

m

Perf

orm

an

ce

IMT-Advanced requirements and time plan

Rel. 8 LTE

LTE-Advanced

targets

Time

LTE-Advanced (4G) requirements/targets

� Meet/exceed IMT-Advanced requirements within

the ITU-R time frame

– BW = 100 MHz

– DL = 1 Gbps

– UL = 500 Mbps

– 8x8 MIMO DL

– 4x4 MIMO UL

– C-plane latency <= 50 ms

– U-plane latency <= 5 ms

– Higher average spectrum efficiency & cell edge user throughput

– Spectrum flexibility with newly allocated bands

– Self-organising networking/deployment

� Network complexity make it not possible for manual optimisation

� A smooth and low cost transition from LTE (R8) to LTE-A

– Coexist with LTE

– Progressive infrastructure and terminal upgrades

� Scalable functionalities

Fundamental Technologies

� LTE-A is a combined effort of the key

technologies:

– Carrier aggregation

– Enhanced multi-antenna technologies

– Coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) ��

SLIPPED TO Rel-11

– Relays

– Heterogeneous networks

– Enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)

technologies

Benefits of Carrier Aggregation

� Coverage improvement

Proprietary Aeroflex 8

Low frequency, large coverage area

High frequency: data booster

Variety of scenarios on coverage


Coverage increase with f1Data booster in f2 (f2>f1)

Cell edge throughput improvement

f2 used for cell overlapping areas

Hot Spotsf1 provides macro coverage and

f2 is used to provide throughput at hot spots

f1 f2

Spectrum utilizations/flexibility

� LTE peak rates required 20MHz

� An operator may not have 20MHz contiguous BW

� Carrier Aggregation is the answer

� 10MHz in band 12 and 10MHz in band 6 for instance…


NSN success story on LTE-A


MWC’11 NSN Carrier Aggregation Demo

http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/news-events/press-room/press-releases/lte-

advanced-carrier-aggregation-on-commercial-equipment-a-wor

MWC’11 Carrier Aggregation demo

� Highlights

– DL Carrier Aggregation of 300Mbps

– Contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum

– On the same or different bands

– Suitable for over the air operation


Enhanced Multi-Antenna Techniques

� Higher-order MIMO for peak spectrum efficiency

– Evolutions of MU-MIMO

– DL 4x4 MIMO will be the baseline (15 bps/Hz => 1.5 Gpbs

with 100 MHz)

– DL 8x8 MIMO will be included (30 bps/Hz)

– UL 4x4 MIMO will be included (15 bps/Hz)

– Evolutions of MU-MIMO

– 2 code-words �� 2 BRP chains

– More advanced receiver proposed

– Average & cell-edge spectrum efficiencies

– UL : MMSE-IRC

– DL : Possibility of MMSE-SIC or MLD

Enhanced Multi-antenna Techniques: DL

� Specify additional reference signals (RS)

– Two RSs are specified in addition to Rel. 8 common RS (CRS)

– Channel state information RS (CSI-RS)

– UE-specific demodulation RS (DM-RS)

� UE-specific DM-RS, which is precoded, makes it possible to apply

non-codebook-based precoding

� UE-specific DM-RS will enable application of enhanced multi-user

beamforming such as zero forcing (ZF) for, e.g., 4-by-2 MIMO

Max. 8 streams

Enhanced

MU-MIMO

Higher-order MIMO up

to 8 streams

CSI feedback

� Introduction of single user (SU)-MIMO up to 4-streams

transmission

– Whereas Rel. 8 LTE does not support SU-MIMO, LTE-Advanced

supports up to 4-streams transmission

� Signal detection scheme with affinity to DFT-Spread OFDM for

SU-MIMO

– Turbo serial interference canceller (SIC) is assumed to be used for eNB

receivers to achieve higher throughput performance for DFT-Spread

OFDM

– Improve user throughput, while maintaining single-carrier based signal

transmission

Max. 4 streams

SU-MIMO up to 4 streams

Enhanced Multi-Antenna Techniques: UL

CoMP = Co-ordinated Multi-point Transmission

� Coordinated transmission and reception from

different points

– Allows for macro-diversity, coordinated scheduling

or distributed MIMO

– Requires special feedback from UE

� CSI feedback (FB)

– Explicit CSI FB (direct channel FB) is investigated to

conduct precise precoding, as well as implicit CSI FB

(precoding matrix index FB) based on Rel. 8 LTE

– Implies coordination between geographically

separated points

– Different schemes:

� Joint Processing (JP)

� Coordinated scheduling/beam-forming

CoMP Transmission in Downlink

� Joint processing (JP)

– Joint transmission (JT): Downlink physical shared channel

(PDSCH) is transmitted from multiple cells with precoding using

Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS) among coordinated cells

– Dynamic cell selection: PDSCH is transmitted from one cell, which

is dynamically selected

� Coordinated scheduling/beamforming (CS/CB)

– PDSCH is transmitted only from one cell site, and

scheduling/beamforming is coordinated among cells

Coherent combining or dynamic cell selection

Coordinated scheduling/beamformingJoint transmission/dynamic cell selection

suppress

CoMP Reception in Uplink

� CoMP reception scheme in uplink

– Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is received at

multiple cells

– Scheduling is coordinated among the cells

– Improve especially cell-edge user throughput

– CoMP reception in uplink is implementation matter and

does not require any change to radio interface

Receiver signal processing at

central eNB (e.g., MRC, MMSE-IC)

Multipoint reception

3GPP relays (1)

� “LTE-Advanced extends LTE Rel-8 with support for

relaying as a tool to improve e.g. the coverage of high data

rates, group mobility, temporary network deployment, the

cell-edge throughput and/or to provide coverage in new areas”

� Self backhaul capabilities

� At least 2 receive antennas supported

� Only stationary relays considered

– No need of power control on the backhaul link

– The link between eNB and Relay could use beamforming

Self-backhaul interface

3GPP relays (2)

� The relay node (RN) is wirelessly connected to

a donor cell of a donor eNB via the Un interface, and

UEs connect to the RN via the Uu interface

� Un connection can be:

– Inband: the eNB-to-RN link share the same band with direct

eNB-to-UE links within the donor cell

– Outband: the eNB-to-RN link does not operate in the same

band as direct eNB-to-UE links within the donor cell

3GPP Relays Type

� 3GPP relays are divided in:

– Type 1/1a (Type 1 is an in-band relay and Type 1a is an out-of-band relay)

� Type 1 is far more interesting from a 3GPP point of view because BW is

a precious resource

� It is a L3 relay

� It controls cells (each of ones appears to the UE as a separate cell)

� Each controlled cell shall have its own cell ID and the relay transmits its

own SCH, RS etc

� The UE shall receive scheduling information and HARQ feedback

directly from the relay and send its control channels to the relay

� It shall appear as a Rel-8 eNB to the Rel-8 UEs

� It should be possible for the relay to appear to Rel-10 UEs differently

than a Rel-8 eNB (to allow for performance enhancements)

– Type 2

� L2 relay

� Targets throughput rise

� No separate cell ID and thus doesn’t create any new cell(s)

� At least a Rel8 UE should not be aware of its presence

Relays Testing


RF link

Simulated link

Deployment Scenarios – Heterogeneous Networks

� Different approach with respect to the past

– Considering already the possibility of having heterogeneous

network deployments (with hundreds of thousands of nodes

of different types) from the beginning

� Allows for deployment flexibility

� Avoids specifications/ ad-hoc deployments efforts (see

current femtocells status)

Deployment scenarios – Heterogeneous Networks (Inter Cell Interference Coordination in case of CA)

� Heterogeneous network deployments might benefit from

some of the new LTE-A features (such as relays and carrier

aggregation) that will introduce more flexibility in the

deployment

Deployment Scenarios – Heterogeneous Networks (ICIC in case of non-CA)

� Examples of ICIC for non-CA scenarios – still to be decided

which one(s)

� Power control techniques could be used too

a) OFDM symbol shifting b) Extension of Rel-8 ICIC in time

domain

c) Freq domain approachd) Inter-subframe scheduling

Inter-subframe scheduling

of macro users

Inter-subframe scheduling of

pico cell edge users

Pico users within RSRP coverage

Rel-8/9 pico cell edge users

Rel-8/9 macro cell users

Inter-subframe scheduling

of macro users

Inter-subframe scheduling of

pico cell edge users

Pico users within RSRP coverage

Rel-8/9 pico cell edge users

Rel-8/9 macro cell users

TM500 Product Family Strategy

Proprietary 26

3GPP LTE RoadmapBeam Forming

eMBMS4x2 MIMO

EAST500

Research ProgrammesInterference Cancellation

Carrier Aggregation

Advanced FeaturesLTE-A Carrier Aggregation

High order MIMO / data rates

Network InnovationSelf Organising Networks (SON)

Energy Efficiency

Flexible Software Defined Radio

Industry leader in Wireless Cellular Infrastructure Test

Scalable architecture supporting 1 to 1000s UEs

TM500“Real World” Simulation

Mobility models / fading channelsReal Data Applications

TM500 LTE-A upgrade path

Proprietary Aeroflex 27Proprietary Aeroflex 27

CAT 2,3,4

Rel-[8-9]

CAT-5

(4x4 on 20 MHz)

Rel-10 40 MHz Carrier

Aggregation

(PHY + L2 + L3 baseline)

2 Component Carriers

Data ratesDL: 300 Mbps , UL: 50 Mbps

UL MIMO: 2TxTx mode 9: 4 x 2

Rel-8 4x2

RRC/NAS

Higher Order MIMO

>40 MHz BW

RelaysHW upgrade

TM500 Single-UE LTE-A Baseline


Prerequisites

LTE Rel-8 CAT-4

TM500 Single-UE LTE-A baseline Option

Carrier Aggregation 2x2@40MHz FDD �

Carrier Aggregation 2x2@40MHz TDD �

Second radio card �

♦ TM500 Single-UE Carrier Aggregation baseline

♦ Upgrade to the baseline LTE-A: SW & HW included

♦ Pre-requisites for TM500 LTE-A

TM500 Single-UE LTE-A Baseline Details


Functionality Summary Comments

Functionality PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, L3

Specifications: Rel-10 Dec’10+CRs to be discussed with customer

Technology: FDD, TDD (separate options)

2 Component Carriers (20MHz each) Contiguous and Non-Contiguous

DL: 2 Rx @ 40 MHz

UL: 1 Tx @ 40MHz

Up to 2 Cell Specific RS per carrier (2 Tx on

eNodeB side)

UL/DL Cross Carrier Scheduling

Peak data rates: DL 300Mbps, UL 50Mbps

Up to 2 layers per component carrier

TM500 is a more elegant and attractive solution

� It is a commercial product which adds credibility

� Third party independent validation

� Flexibility in adding customized features for the

demo

� May be more attractive for OTA trials

– e.g. multiple bands support for demos in different

countries

� Early integration with prototype infrastructure HW

reduces risks to the commercial programme


Thank You.

Documents

The Real 4G – LTE-Advanced - DIGITIMES-首頁 · The Real 4G – LTE-Advanced ... Fundamental Technologies LTE-A is a combined effort of the key ... 3GPP LTE Roadmap Beam Forming