EST Asia 5th December 2011

The Rail Sector and Sustainable Development: Building a Green Economy

Mukul Saran MathurHead of Asia Regional Office, International Union of Railways (UIC)

UIC: International Union of Railways

• Since 1922

• 200 members on all continents

• Members are:• Railways• Rail operators• Infrastructure managers• Railway service providers• Public transport companies

The UIC is a professional organisation serving the needs of rail transport through international cooperation at the global level

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Members Active Associate Affiliate

UIC: The International Union of Railways200 members worldwide

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UIC Mission

Promoting the development of rail transport

at world level,

in order to meet challenges

of mobility and sustainable development

The mobility challenge

> The explosion in global mobility has created environmental challenges

> Transport accounts for over 50% of world consumption of fossil fuels – forecast to increase to 60% in 2035

> Within transport rail accounts for 2% of CO2 emissions

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73%

2%

4%

7%

2%

9% 3%

Road

Rail

Domestic Aviation

International Aviation

Domestic Navigation

International Shipping

Other transport

Transport CO2 emissions 2008

Source: International Transport Forum, Transport Greenhouse Gas Emmissions 2010

Context: The Green Economy

• UNEP defines a green economy as one that results in “improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcity”

• On transportation, UNEP argues that “the current modalities based on private motorized vehicles are a major contributor to climatechange, pollution and health hazards”

• UNEP supports the transport policy principle of “shifting to more environmentally friendly modes such as public and non-motorized transport for passengers and to rail and water transport for freight”

• Therefore, provided railways can maintain their environmental benefits, then they can be a building block for a green economy

Rail is a low carbon transport mode

www.ecotransit.org(global carbon footprinting freight)

www.ecopassenger.org(carbon footprinting passenger Europe)

020406080

100120140160180

Construction of track / road / airport

Rolling stock / car / airplane

upstream emission from energy provision

direct operation

g C

O2

/ pas

seng

er k

ilom

eter

High Speed Rail is a Low Carbon ModeModal shift from car and air travel has led to CO2 savings

Source: UIC Carbon Footprint of High Speed Rail report

Magnitude of CO2 emissions per person(in a 600 km trip):• 80 kg if travelling by plane

• 13 kg if travelling by high speed train

Comparison of Carbon Emissions

(the weight of the passenger)

(the weight of his/her suitcase)

Sector Mode % before HSR % after HSR

Paris -Lyon Road 29 21

Rail 40 3

HSR 0 70

Air 31 6

Madrid -Seville Road 44 30

Rail 16 1

HSR 0 61

Air 40 8

Hamburg-Frankfurt Road 57 45

Rail 23 3

HSR 0 48

Air 10 4

Modal Market Share before and after HSR

Source: Adapted from Gallois and Lopez Pita et al (2005-06 )

Rail has many other advantages

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2,77

0,16 0,010

1

2

3

4

Car Bus Rail

Deaths per billion passenger ‐ km in Germany 2008

Source: Allianz pro Schiene, Germany 2010

Capacity

NoiseSafety

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

Passengers injuredin accidents perBn passenger km

Classic railways

High speed rail (250 km/h or more)

Safety on HSR

-Safety evolution in European railways

-No fatal accidents in 46 years high speed history in Japan.

• Average HSR 3,2 ha/km• Average motorways 9,3 ha/km

In China HSR land use is 10% of highways

Land occupancy

UIC Analysis: External Costs of transport modes in Europe

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Car Bus/coach Road Pass. Total Rail Passenger Air Pass.

EUR per 1,000 pkm

Accidents Air Pollution

Noise Other Cost CategoriesClimate Change (low scenario) Up- & Downstream Processes (low scen.)

Climate Change (difference low/high scenario) Up- & Downstream (difference low/high scenario)©INFRAS/CE/ISI

64.7

33.8

15.3

57.1

65.1

Differentiated cost for rail:

- Rail Electric: 12.0 €/1,000 pkm

- Rail Diesel: 34.1 €/1,000 pkm

Average external costs 2008 for EU-27*: passenger transport (excluding congestion)

Mukul Mather, UIC - EST Asia, 5 December 2011

UIC Analysis: External Costs in Europe

UIC Analysis: External Costs in Europe

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180 170

106

90

52,5

HST Fasttrain

Commutertrain

Regionaltrain

54,1

39

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Bus P. car Plane

Traffic units carried (number of passengers * km) for one unit of energy (kilo-equivalent of petrol, kep)

(1 kWh = 0,086 kep)Source: SNCF, ADEME, 1997

Rail Others

Tra

ffic

units

Energy efficiency comparison

China CRH EMU train consumes 50% of energy consumed by bus and 18% of airplane

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Competitors are catching up…

Flight• Goal: Carbon-neutral growth by 2020• Improving fuel efficiency by ~1.5% p.a.

(2009-20)• Reducing CO2-emissions by 50% by

2050, relative to 2005

Trucks• Reducing CO2-emissions by 30% by

2030, relative to 2007

Electric cars• Example Germany – Target 2050:

Almost no use of fossil fuels for inner city transport

Railways need to react to these developments to maintain our environmental advantage

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Railways are continuing to improve

*Base year 1990: measured per passenger-km and gross tonne-km**Base year 2005

European Targets 2030

50% reduction of specific CO2 emissions from train operation*

40% reduction in total exhaust emissions of Nox and PM10**

Vision 2050: European railways will strive towards

Carbon-free train operation and

Zero emissions of Nox and PM10 from non electric trains

Noise and vibration levels are socially and economically acceptable

UIC: Tools, studies, documents

> Energy & CO2 database

> EcoPassenger & EcoTransIT World

> Energy driving

> Energy Billing

> RailEnergy

> International conferences

> Studies and Reports

> See www.uic-sustainability.org for information

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Mukul Mather, UIC - EST Asia, 5 December 2011

UIC Sustainability Declaration

• UIC Declaration on Sustainable Mobility and Transport

• Objective• Public commitment to Sustainable

Development• Show ongoing progress via regular

reports

• 18 commitments on sustainable development• Includes commitments to reduce

environmental impact, and to better serve our customers and society.

Signed by 50 UIC members, including Indian and Russian railways, JR-East and Chinese Ministry of Railways

Summary: The sustainability case for rail

> Rail is…A low carbon modeA comparatively safe transport mode A resource efficient mass transport system

> Rail has an important social and economic role:

We are a major employerWe are key to the movement of freightWe are a solution to traffic congestion

> The challenge is to design fully inter-modally connected sustainable mass transport systems!

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Mukul Mather, UIC - EST Asia, 5 December 2011

Outlook – sustainable transport

> Rail cannot deliver a green economy on its own, but it can be the backbone of a more sustainable transport system

> A sustainable transport system combines the strengths of all transport modes in one integrated system

> Decision makers and international funders should look at broader sustainability issues when making investment decisions

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Road and Highways; 70%

General transportation; 

16%

Railways; 8%

Ports, waterways and shipping; 4%

Aviation; 2%

World Bank Transport Portfolio of Active Projects, End of FY08

Currently investment decisions favour road

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Thank you for your kind attention!

Contact: Mukul Mathur (mathur@uic.org), www.uic.orgms.mathur@gmail.com