The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

Times They Are a Changin’Times They Are a Changin’

ReformationReformation

Beginning in the late Middle Ages the Beginning in the late Middle Ages the Catholic Church became increasingly Catholic Church became increasingly caught up in worldly affairscaught up in worldly affairs

Popes and other high ranking church Popes and other high ranking church officials lived lavish life stylesofficials lived lavish life styles

Popes spent cast amounts of money Popes spent cast amounts of money to build and rebuild cathedrals to build and rebuild cathedrals decorated by Europe’s greatest artists decorated by Europe’s greatest artists (St. Peter’s Cathedral and the Sistine (St. Peter’s Cathedral and the Sistine Chapel)Chapel)

Reformation Cont.Reformation Cont.

To pay for these projects the church sold To pay for these projects the church sold Indulgences or forgiveness for sinsIndulgences or forgiveness for sins

Many people resented the sale of Many people resented the sale of indulgences and the lavishness of the indulgences and the lavishness of the churchchurch

In 1517 a monk named Martin Luther In 1517 a monk named Martin Luther sparked a revolt against the church sparked a revolt against the church

which would split western which would split western Christianity and kill millions of Christianity and kill millions of peoplepeople

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Born a German MonkBorn a German Monk Viewed the sale of indulgences as a sin by the Viewed the sale of indulgences as a sin by the

churchchurch When the church began selling indulgences for When the church began selling indulgences for

dead relatives the hypocrisy was too muchdead relatives the hypocrisy was too much Martin Luther wrote up a list of arguments Martin Luther wrote up a list of arguments

against the sale of indulgencies called the 95 against the sale of indulgencies called the 95 Theses which he nailed to the church doorTheses which he nailed to the church door

Quickly copies spread throughout N. EuropeQuickly copies spread throughout N. Europe

Luther Cont.Luther Cont.

The church tried to make Luther recant or The church tried to make Luther recant or change his stance on indulgences, change his stance on indulgences, instead Luther became even more radical instead Luther became even more radical calling for a break with the catholic calling for a break with the catholic churchchurch

Luther was excommunicated, declared an Luther was excommunicated, declared an outlaw, and hunted by church authoritiesoutlaw, and hunted by church authorities

His powerful supporters begin to hide and His powerful supporters begin to hide and shelter himshelter him

Lutheran TeachingsLutheran Teachings The only way to get to heaven is through The only way to get to heaven is through

faith alonefaith alone Luther declared that the Bible is the only Luther declared that the Bible is the only

source or religious truth and authoritysource or religious truth and authority Luther rejected the idea that the priest Luther rejected the idea that the priest

and the church had special powers. and the church had special powers. Instead, he felt that Christians were equal Instead, he felt that Christians were equal before Godbefore God

Finally Luther abolished the Sacraments, Finally Luther abolished the Sacraments, Confession, prayer to the Saints, elaborate Confession, prayer to the Saints, elaborate religious ceremonies, and banned the sale religious ceremonies, and banned the sale of Indulgencesof Indulgences

Protestant RevolutionProtestant Revolution Luther’s ideas found widespread support in N. Luther’s ideas found widespread support in N.

Europe from peasants, clergy, and noblesEurope from peasants, clergy, and nobles The people who joined Luther’s church were said to The people who joined Luther’s church were said to

be in protest and thus the Protestant branch of the be in protest and thus the Protestant branch of the Christian Church was bornChristian Church was born

Over the next several years Europe would be Over the next several years Europe would be involved in a series of wars as Protestants and involved in a series of wars as Protestants and Catholics fought for control of EuropeCatholics fought for control of Europe

Finally some peace was restored to Europe at the Finally some peace was restored to Europe at the Peace of Augsburg in which individual Princes were Peace of Augsburg in which individual Princes were allowed to decide which religion they would follow allowed to decide which religion they would follow in their countryin their country

Most of N. Europe (Germany, Denmark, Sweeden Most of N. Europe (Germany, Denmark, Sweeden etc) became Protestant while much of S. Europe etc) became Protestant while much of S. Europe (Italy, France, Spain, etc) remained Catholic.(Italy, France, Spain, etc) remained Catholic.

Protestant Reformation

•Forces changes in the catholic church

The Catholic Reformation•Educates the Clergy•End the worldliness of the church•Punishes corrupt church officials•Gets the church back to churchly thingsCreates a new found

feeling of faith in the catholic world•Jesuits soldiers of god spread catholisism to the world

The Inquisition•Spain and other catholic counties•Used to root out heretics•Use fear and torture to get confessions• Secret testimony

Punishes Jews•Easy targets•Many killed or forced to flee•Force Jews to live in the ghettos

Witch Hunts•Punishes social outcasts•Women old and alone•During times of religious unrest

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

Discovered the basic laws of nature on which our technology is based.

Gutenberg-Printing press

Descartes-“I think therefore I am”

Copernicus-Theory that the Earth is not the center of the universe

Galileo-•Proves Copericus theory•Invents the telescope

Isaac Newton-•Identifies the laws of gravity•Calculus

Francis Bacon-Scientific Method