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The Protestant Reformation. Causes of the Reformation. 100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church. What was the Protestant Reformation?. Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church
Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII
Elizabeth
Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
Luther had two major problems with the Catholic Church:
IndulgencesJustification
Luther believed that the Bible was the ultimate authority - not the pope or clergy
Of the seven sacraments only Baptism and Holy Communion were found in the Bible
He also came to believe in justification through faith alone not faith and good works
A Papal pardon for sins
A lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory
Purgatory = a place where souls too impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetime
According to Luther, indulgences had no basis in the Bible and the Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
•The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
•This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.
Pope Leo X issued a Papal Bull of ExcommunicationPapal Bull = Official document issued by the Pope
Luther was ordered to recant (take back) his teachingsLuther burned the Papal Bull Excommunicated!Excommunicated = to be cut off from the church
This behavior caused a conclusive and irrevocable break with Rome
Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, summoned Luther to a diet in the city of WormsDiet = assembly or meeting of German princes
Luther was asked again to recant – he still refusedCharles V issued the Edict of Worms
Luther at the Diet of Worms By Anton von Werner
Declared Luther an outlawIt was a crime to give Luther shelter or foodFrederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony hid Luther
in his castleSpent his time translating the New Testament into
GermanThis spread his beliefs even further Greatly contributed to the development of the
written German language
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption
Pope Leo X with cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi by Raphael
“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther
Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants
“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with
Anti-Catholic
Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland
Calvin believed in:
Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell
Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
PuritanHugeunots
Presbyterian
Reformation in EnglandHenry VIII: The Anglican Tradition
Henry VIII – King of England
Roman Catholic
Opposed Luther’s beliefs
Named ‘Defender of the Faith’ by Pope Leo X
Reformer due to circumstance not personal beliefs
Henry VIII Needs a Divorce!
Catholic Church does not permit divorce Marriage to Catherine of Aragon did not produce
male heir only a girl - Mary Tudor Henry needed a male to preserve his throne Henry asked the Pope for an annulment so he
could marry someone who could give him a male heir
The Pope denied his request Henry created the Church of England and
established his own supremacy over it
Act of Supremacy - 1534
Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
Made Henry “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England”
Many refused to accept Henry as the head of the church and were executed for treason
Sir Thomas More was one of them!
Another Girl for Henry
Henry divorced Catherine and promptly married Anne Boleyn – there was actually a bit of an overlap!
He hoped for a male heir but Anne bore him another girl – Elizabeth
BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRINCESS ELIZABETHSEPTEMBER 7, 1533
Henry’s Six Wives!Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.
Catherine of AragonAnnulled
Jane Seymour Diedchildbed fever
Anne of ClevesAnnulled
Catherine Howard Annulled then beheaded
Anne Boleyn Annulled then beheaded
Catherine Parr survived
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/horriblehistories/song4.shtml
Elizabeth I
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Returned the country to the Protestant faith after her Catholic sister Queen Mary I (‘Bloody Mary’) died
Through compromise Elizabeth found middle ground with Catholics and Protestants
Made England a firmly Protestant nation
Little religious turmoil for decades