The Professional Aspects of Mixed Mode for Runway Operations

Mixed Mode

• IFATCA: Mixed mode operations are IFATCA: Mixed mode operations are defined as ATM Operations that require defined as ATM Operations that require different procedures due to variances different procedures due to variances in airspace users characteristics and/or in airspace users characteristics and/or ATM design within the same area of ATM design within the same area of controller responsibility.controller responsibility.

• Context of the paper. The mixing of Context of the paper. The mixing of arrivals and departures on the same arrivals and departures on the same runway at multiple runway airfields.runway at multiple runway airfields.

Why?

• Movement rates at single runway airfields comparatively exceed those with multiple runways using SM

• MM has the potential to exceed SM in movement rates

• Is it case specific?

Greenfield

• No significant terrain• No noise sensitive areas (residential prop)• No other airports in proximity• Runway layout and spacing supports simultaneous

operations• Benign weather conditions

Green field Vs Reality

• Terrain:- impact on missed approaches

• Weather• Airspace:-proximity of other airfields

and approach and arrival paths• Airfield:- physical dimensions• Noise sensitivity with population• Ability of ATM to absorb an increase

RWY 25L

Terrain to the South

Terrain to the SE

Guangzhou Airport (New)

Shenzhen Airport

Airspace Management

Pearl River Delta Area Airports and Airspace

Macao Airport

Zhuhai Airport

Zhuhai Airspace

Guangzhou Airspace

35NM

Hong Kong Airspace

Airspace Management

Tracks 3, 4, 5 & 6

Departure Tracks for HK Airport at CLK

To TUNNA

SMTVOR

To BREAM

TDVOR

a

Terrain above 600 feet Terrain above 1000 feet

Terrain & Departure Flight Paths

Terrain & Departure Paths-1

Zhuhai Airspace

New Baiyun

30NMHK Airspace

Guangzhou Airspace

Airspace Management

Airspace Management O/Head

RWY 07 DEPRWY 07 DEP

MELON

MANGO

TD

RWY 07 DEP

RWY 07 APPRWY 07 APP

MELON

MANGO

TD

RWY 07 APP

Airfield/equipment limitations

• Can simultaneous/independent operations be conducted? (ICAO requirements)

• Separation of missed approach and departure paths during MM

• Will terrain permit clearing of a ‘non plundering’ aircraft with simultaneous MM arrivals?

• Equipment…………………………………PRM?

Tracks 3, 4, 5 & 6

Departure Tracks for HK Airport at CLK

To TUNNA

SMTVOR

To BREAM

TDVOR

a

Terrain above 600 feet Terrain above 1000 feet

Terrain & Departure Flight Paths

Terrain & Departure Paths-1

Airfield layout is a predictor

Crossing runways already achieve high movement

rates

Landings closely followed by departures

Considerations

• Safety:- Segregated mode

• Reduction in Separation

• Wake turbulence category

• Weather conditions

• Human Factors

Wake turbulence

• SM…….. Time loss • MM…….. Vortex infringement

Weather

• Windshear• Turbulence• Downdrafts• Crosswind • CB’s that may

increase track deviations on the ILS/MLS approaches

Human Factors

• Landings and take-offs are statistically the most hazardous phase of flight

• Combining arrivals and departures removes the inherent safety of SM

• MM increases risk & workload and has the potential to degrade predictability

Variables

• Actual gain vs. theoretical gain

• Traffic in the ILS sensitive area

• Sidestep and missed approach procedure

• Complex flow control with an unpredictable acceptance rate

Some things just

should not be

considered

Recommendations • Airspace/Terrain Limitations• Physical dimensions permitting

independent parallel approaches• Human Factors resulting from procedural

changes• Procedures in the event of adverse

weather• Noise implications accompanying a

change• Reduction in separation• Ability of the system to absorb an

increase of traffic both ground and airborne

• Missed approach procedures in the event of a late assignment of runway change

Draft recommendation that the paper be accepted as information.

Any Questions?