The Process of Writing an Essay

8/13/2019 The Process of Writing an Essay

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THE PROCESS OF WRITING AN ESSAYTHE PROCESS OF WRITING AN ESSAY

Generating ideas:

Choosing a subject

Deciing on a !u"!ose

Na""o#ing o#n a to!ic

Organizing ideas:

W"iting a thesis state$ent

Out%ining

Co%%ecting ata

ESSAYESSAY

Writing the 1stdraft:

Int"ouction

&o'

Conc%usion

Editing(

)st%e*e% eiting

+n%e*e% eiting

Revising

Final Draft

Proofreading


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Elements of Good Writing:SPA

A su!e"tthat 'ou ,no##e%% an

une"stanA c%ea"

#ur#ose-o"#"iting

An audien"ethat 'ou ha*eienti-ie

$el#%our &riting

sta%

fo"used


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Topics

Economy

Entertainment

EnvironmentHealth

Leaders of the world

Mass media Youth today

Technology


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&"ainsto"$ing on Wo"%Issues

Worldissues

. Techno%og'

En*i"on$ent Cu%tu"e


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'arro&ing Do&n to#i"s

Entertainme

nt(on"erts

Ro") "on"erts

Rolling Stones

*+, World -our

Entertainme

nt-he .ovies

.ovie $istor%

Earl% $istor%

Silent Film Era


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Pu"!ose / T'!e o- W"iting

Pu"!oses o- #"iting To gi*e in-o"$ation

To !e"suae

To esc"ibe

To e0!%ain

T'!es o- #"iting Desc"i!tion

E0!osition

Na""ation

A"gu$entation


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Audien"e

Who$ #i%% 'ou e0!ect to "ea the -ina%!"ouct

Re$e$be" that i--e"ent auience hasi--e"ent e0!ectations1 an #i%% ete"$ine

i--e"ent tone

i--e"ent choice o- #o"s 2iction3


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Ste!s in Gene"atingSte!s in Gene"ating

IeasIeas

Choose a subject

Decie on a !u"!ose

To in-o"$To !e"suae

Na""o# o#n the subjectWho. When.

What. Whe"e.

Wh'. Ho#.


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The P"ocess o- W"itingThe P"ocess o- W"iting

Generating /deas Choose a subject Decie on the !u"!ose -o" #"iting the essa' Na""o# o#n the subject

Organizing ideas W"iting a thesis state$ent Out%ining Co%%ecting ata

Writing the first draft Int"oucto"' !a"ag"a!h &o' Conc%uing !a"ag"a!h

Editing0 Revising0 #roofreading


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Ste!s in O"gani4ing IeasSte!s in O"gani4ing Ieas

W"iting a thesis state$ent A co$!%ete sentence

5ni-ie1 "est"icte an s!eci-ic

6a,ing an out%ine &"ainsto"$ing

Se%ecting

O"gani4ing

Co%%ecting ata note ta,ing 7uoting i"ect%'

E0!"essing a !e"sona% "eaction

Su$$a"i4ing

Pa"a!h"asing


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Thesis State$ent(Thesis State$ent(Cha"acte"isticsCha"acte"istics

The st"ongest1 c%ea"est state$ent in the essa'

A co$!%ete senten"e2not a tit%e3

Shou% co$e at the beginning o- the essa'

2usu8 at the en o- the int"oucto"' !a"ag"a!h3

6ust not be a si$!%e state$ent o- -act that

"e9ui"es no e%abo"ation

Wi%% not be e0!"esse as a 9uestion Wi%% contain cont"o%%ing ieas

Shou% be s#e"ifi"

Not a gene"a% announce$ent

Sentence

Unified

Restricted

Specific


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Thesis State$ent(Thesis State$ent(E0a$!%eE0a$!%e

Painting !o"t"aits is a g"eathobb'

Painting !o"t"aits relaxes me1brings out my creativity1 anmakes me popular with the in-laws8

6"s8 &"o#n1 $' neighbo"1 has

so$e !ets8 6"s8 &"o#n1 $' neighbo"1 o#ns

-ou" cats: these ani$a%s !"esenta serious health hazard in ourneighborhood8

;ague Thesis(

Re*ise Thesis(

Si$!%e Fact(

Re*ise(


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Good Thesis Statements

To succeed in an American University, an

ESL student must adapt to the new language,

the new customs, and the new university

system.

Gun control laws must e enacted soon! to

protect citizens from themselves and each

other and to reduce the soaring death ratesfrom both accidental and intentional

shootings.


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Judging Thesis Statements

Original! " don#t li$e my a%artment&

Revision! The most annoying features of my

a%artment are an overly efficient airconditioner, malfunctioning showers, and a

main lobby packed with staring men.


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Write a thesis statement:

'hich e(%lains why you thin$ a certain movie

is worth seeing or not worth seeing&

'hich e(%lains how to do something&

'hich recommends a good oo$ and

e(%lains what ma$es it good or valuale

reading&

'hich warns foreigners aout what to watch

out for when they come to )a$arta&


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&o'Pa

"ag"a!h

Out%ining

&o'Pa

"ag"a!h

Out%ining

I8 I6PACT OF ACID RAINA8 FOREST

)8 De!"i*ation o- t"ees< *ita% nut"ients+8 A%u$inu$ in soi%

=8 Su%-u" in the ai"

&8 H56ANS)8 Di"ect e--ect+8 Ini"ect e--ect

a8 6e"cu"'b8 A%u$inu$

C8 &5I>DINGS AND OTHER STR5CT5RES)8 Co""osion o- bui%ings+8 Co""osion o- statues=8 Co""osion o- b"iges?8 Co""osion o- t"ains an ai"!%anes

D8 AT6OSPHERE( Aci Ha4eII8 EFFORTS TO STOP F5RTHER DA6AGE

A8 PRO6OTING PROTECTION AND REHA&I>ITATION)8 Reuction o- CFC+8 Reuction o- su%-u" e$ission=8 Neut"a%i4ation o- aci

&8 PRO6OTING AWARENESS)8 A*e"tise$ents

+8 Pa"tici!ation o- schoo% chi%"en

Majorheading

Subheading

Subdivisionsof

subheading


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Pa"ag"a!h Re%ationshi!sPa"ag"a!h Re%ationshi!s

I8 Int"ouction(

Cont"o%%ing ieas

Thesis( @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

II8 &o' !a"ag"a!h(

To!ic sentence( @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

III8 &o' !a"ag"a!h(

To!ic sentence( @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

I;8 &o' !a"ag"a!h(

To!ic sentence( @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ;8 Conc%usion

A & C

A

Cont"o%%ing ieasin to!icsentence

Su!!o"ting

Sentences


Su!!o"ting

Sentences


Su!!o"tingSentences

&

C


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Out%iningOut%ining

What is an out%ine.

The #"ite"


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Points to !one"Points to !one"

#hen $a,ing an out%ine#hen $a,ing an out%ine

Re-%ect the thesis state$ent

No nee to inc%ue the

int"ouction an conc%usion

Pa"a%%e% const"uctionsG"a$$atica%%'

St"uctu"a%%'


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-he Parallel Form2 Rule

Eng%ish %anguage is constant%' changing8

A8 P"onunciation has change in the !ast BB 'ea"s8

&8 So$e g"a$$atica% changes8

C8 ;ocabu%a"'8

Inee1 Eng%ish1 %i,e a%% %i*ing %anguages1 is continua%%' changing in

!"onunciation1 g"a$$a"1 an es!ecia%%' *ocabu%a"'8

The Eng%ish %anguage is constant%' changing8

A8 P"onunciation

&8 G"a$$a"

C8 ;ocabu%a"'


!"onunciation1 g"a$$a"1 an es!ecia%%' *ocabu%a"'8

The Eng%ish %anguage is constant%' changing8

A8 P"onunciation has change in the !ast BB 'ea"s8

&8 So$e changes in the g"a$$a" ha*e occu""e an sti%%

occu""ing8

C8 ;ocabu%a"' is the a"ea o- g"eatest change8


W"ong

Right

Right

)

+

=


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The &o' Pa"ag"a!h Out%iningThe &o' Pa"ag"a!h Out%ining

o- the Essa'o- the Essa'

St"uctu"e6ajo" heaing

Subheaing Subi*isions o- subheaing

Consistenc'

I- the"e is no &1 the"e cannot be anA: i- the"e is no +1 the"e cannot be a)8

>ogic


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Ste!s in $a,ing an out%ineSte!s in $a,ing an out%ine

-"o$ a thesis state$ent-"o$ a thesis state$ent &"ainsto"$ing

%isting -"ee #"iting

c%uste"ing

Se%ecting O"gani4ing


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(lustering 314

)8 W"ite 'ou" to!ic in the cente" o- a b%an, !agean "a# a ci"c%e a"oun it8

+8 Thin, about 'ou" to!ic an #"ite an' ieasthat co$e to $in in ci"c%es a"oun the $ain

ci"c%e8=8 Connect these ieas to the cente" #o" #ith a

%ine8

?8 Thin, about 'ou" ne# ieas an #"ite $o"e"e%ate in ci"c%es a"oun the$8

8 Connect 'ou" ne# ci"c%es to thei"co""es!oning ieas8

8 When 'ou a"e -inishe1 'ou" $o"e !"o$isingto!ic #i%% !"obab%' be the one #ith the $ost

ci"c%es connecte to it8


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(lustering 354

"acing

enginee"ing

t"a*e%auto$oti*e

inust"'

histo"'o-

bu'ing

hobb'

"ars

t"ac,

o--"oa

c%assic$oe%s

i$!acton societ'

subinust"ies

b"ans

use

"esto"ing

as

en*i"on$ent-"ien%'

st'%e

engine

sa-et'

inte"io"

bo'

hi%%c%i$bing

"a%%'

"ag"acing

stoc,ca"

F)

auto sho#s

co%%ection

ne#


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(lustering: .odel 314

A$e"icans i--icu%tto une"stan

Poo"*e"ba% s,i%%s

Co$$unicationP"ob%e$s

>ac, *ocabu%a"'Ne# %anguage

Poo"!"onunciation >ac, con-ience

5se inco$!%etesentences

5nc%ea"e0!"essions

A$e"icans ta%,too -ast

5se s%angan iio$s


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Preliminar% Outline:.odel 354

I8 Co$$unication P"ob%e$sA8 Poo" *e"ba% s,i%%s

)8 >ac, *ocabu%a"'

+8 Poo" !"onunciation&8 A$e"icans i--icu%t to une"stan

)8 5se inco$!%ete sentences

+8 5se unc%ea" e0!"essions

=8 Ta%, too -ast?8 5se s%ang an iio$s

II8


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Outline: .odel 3,4

Inte"nationa% stuents in the 5nite States -aceco$$unication !"ob%e$s #ith A$e"icans8

I8 Co$$unication P"ob%e$sA8 Poo" *e"ba% s,i%%s

)8 >ac, *ocabu%a"'+8 Poo" !"onunciation

&8 A$e"icans i--icu%t to une"stan)8 5se inco$!%ete sentences+8 5se unc%ea" e0!"essions=8 Ta%, too -ast?8 5se s%ang an iio$s

I8


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$o& to Develo# 6anguageS)ills

I8 Int"ouction( the nee to e*e%o!%anguage s,i%%s

II8 Ta%,ing in Eng%ish

A8 Ta%, to nonA$e"icans inEng%ish

&8 6a,e A$e"ican -"iens

)8 In the c%ass"oo$

+8 In the co%%ege -aci%ities=8 In !%aces #he"e A$e"icans

get togethe"a8 In ca-ete"ias

b8 In iscos

c8 In !a",s

C8 T"' to %i*e #ith an A$e"ican

)8 In the o"$+8 In a !"i*ate ho$e

=8 Sha"ing an a!a"t$ent

A8 Ta,e a co%%ege Eng%ish cou"se

III8 >istening to Eng%ish

A8 To co$$unications $eia

)8 Raio

+8 T;

=8 Cine$a

?8 ;ieo

&8 To con*e"sations

C8 To >ectu"esI;8 Reaing Eng%ish

A8 Rea in c%ass

&8 Do Casua% "eaing in the

%ib"a"')8 >oo, at a ne#s!a!e" ai%'

a8 >oca% ne#s!a!e"

b8 A nationa% !a!e"

)3 Wa%% St"eet ou"na%

+3 Ne# Yo", Ti$es

=3 Ch"istian Science 6onito"

+8 >oo, at a $aga4ine"egu%a"%'

a8 Ti$e1 Ne#s#ee,1 58S8 Ne#s

b8 Reae"

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The Process of Writing an Essay