THE

VOL. 33 No. 384OCTOBER

1957

EDITORIAL

OBSERVATIONS ON SPEECH DISORDERS IN CHILDRENC. Worster-Drought, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.

AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN BLADDER TUMOURSDavid Wallace, O.B.E., M.S., F.R.C.S. 1

TESTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTIONAIRPLACE IN THE\DIAGNOSIS OF ADRENAL CO 'TP )ISEASE\-' --Arnold Bloom, M,D.,C.CP.

THE USE OF TRIt ILLIZERSA. R. J :B., D.P.M.

CHIROPOD I8CIENTIFIC ATTITUDEErnest 34 Est ,M.I..Ch. (N.S.W.), L.Ch.

UNORT METHODS IN SCAPHOID FRACTURES. E Dunk iy,' MB., B.S., .R.C.S.(Ed.)

ENDETRIOSIS AS A CAUSE OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTIONPatick G. aCia', M.Ch. (N.U.I.), F.R.C.S.

-BOOS RECEIVED.: BOOK REVIEWS

POSTGRADUATE NEWS

.'- .. :. "31(ANNUAL SUBSCRIPON 361)

Published by

October 1957 COLLINS: Endometriosis as a Cause of Intestinal Obstruction 525

Summary(I) Two cases of endomettiosis of the bowel

causing intestinal obstruction are reported.(2) The incidence, symptoms, signs and treat-

ment of these cases are discussed with referenceto the available literature on the subject.

(3) More of these cases will be diagnosed atoperation, and the diagnosis clinched by frozensection if the surgeon suspects the existence ofthe condition pre-operatively.Acknowledgments

I should like to extend my thanks to Mr. J. R.Ratcliffe and Mr. F. G. Hollands for permissionto publish details of these cases. I should alsolike to thank Dr. G. R. Osborn for the photo-micrographs and Dr. G. Q. Chance and Mr. L.Stiles for the radiograph.

REFERENCES

CATTELL, R. B. (1937), New Engl. J. Med., 217, 9.CLARK, C. E. (1951), The Amer. Surg., 17, 1145.COLCOCK, B. P., and LAMPHIER, T. A. (1950), Surgery, 28, 997.COUNSELER, V. S., and SLUDER, F. S., Jr. (1945), Rocky

Mtn. med. J., 42, 189.DOUGAL, D. (1938), Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec, 35, 373.CUNNINGHAM, K., and SMITH, K. V. (1948), Brit. J. Surg.,

36, 50.GALE, C. (I93I), Aust. N.Z.J. Surgery, I, 323.GOODWIN, W. H. (1934), Va. med. Mon., 6I, 257.GRAVES, W. P. (I927), Amew. J. Obstet., 13, 728.GRIGSBY, G. P. (194I), Sth. Surg., 10, 8.JENKINSON, E. L., and BROWN, W. H. (1943), J. Amer. med.

Ass., 122, 349.KEENE, F. E., and KIMBOROUGH, R. A. (1930), Ibid., 95, 1164.MACLEOD, D. (1946), Brit. J. Surg., 34, 109.MASSON, J. C. (1935), Ann. Surg., 102, 819.McGUFF, P., DOCKERTY, M. B., WAUGH, J. M., and

RANDALL, L. M. (1948), Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 86, 273.McKITTRICK, L. S. (I937), New Engl. J. Med., 217, 17.MORRIN, F. J. (1942), Irish f. ,;ei. Sci., Sixtl. Scr. No. 198, 207.SAMPSON, J. A. (1921), Arch. S.rg., 3, 245.

The Editorial Board acknowledge with thanks receipt of the followingvolumes. A selection from these will be made for review.

' Biology Staining Schedules for ist YearStudents.' By R. R. Fowell, M.Sc. 5th Edition.Pp. 27. London: H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 1957.2s. 6d.

'Materia Medica and Pharmacology for Nurses.'By J. S. Peel, M.P.S. 2nd Edition. Pp. 171, with14 diagrams. Christchurch: N. M. Peryer Ltd.I957. 24s.'Chronic Bronchitis in Newcastle-upon-Tyne.'

By A. G. Ogilvie, M.D., F.R.C.P., and D. J.Newell, M.A. Pp. vii + 115. Edinburgh: E. & S.Livingstone Ltd. 1957. I5s.

' Human Blood Coagulation and its Disorders.'By Rosemary Biggs, B.Sc., Ph.D., M.D., and R. G.Macfarlane, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. Pp. xxv + 476,illustrated. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publica-tions. 1957. 42s.

' An Atlas of Muscle Pathology in NeuromuscularDiseases.' By J. Godwin Greenfield, M.D.,G. Milton Shy, M.D., Ellsworth C. Alword, Jr.,M.D., and Leonard Berg, M.D. Pp. ix + 104,with 93 illustrations, many in colour. Edinburgh:E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. 1957. 45s.'Modern Trends in Neurology.' 2nd Series.

Edited by Denis Williams, C.B.E., M.D., D.Sc.,F.R.C.P. Pp. xi + 374, with 79 illustrations.London: Butterworth & Co. Ltd. 1957. 72s. 6d.

'Individual Differences in Night-Vision Effi-ciency.' By M. H. Pirenne, F. H. C. Marriott and

E. F. O'Doherty. Pp. vii + 83. London: H.M.S.O.I957. 8s.'Leukaemia and Aplastic Anaemia in Patients

Irradiated for Ankylosing Spondylitis.' By W. M.Court-Brown, O.B.E., M.B., B.Sc., F.F.R., andR. Doll, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. Pp. vi + 135.London: H.M.S.O. I957. Ios. 6d.

' Australasian Annals of Medicine.' Vol. 6.Journal of the Royal Australasian College ofPhysicians. Pp. 87, illustrated. Sydney: RoyalAustralasian College of Physicians. I957. 2os.

' Simulium and Onchocerciasis in the NorthernTerritories of the Gold Coast.' By G. Crisp, B.Sc.,Ph.D., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. Pp. xvi + I71, with 5maps and 54 illustrations. London: H. K. Lewis& Co. Ltd. 1956. 57s. 6d.'The British Journal of Surgery.' Vol. XLIV.

No. I87. Pp. iI2, illustrated. Bristol: John Wright& Sons Ltd. 1957. I4s.'Your Baby-and You.' By Winifred de Kole.

Pp. 221. London: Pan Books Ltd. I957. 2s. 6d.'A Synopsis of Surgical Anatomy.' By A. Lee

McGregor, M.Ch., F.R.C.S. 8th Edition. Pp. xii+ 808, with 766 diagrams. Bristol: John Wright& Sons Ltd. 1957. 32s. 6d.'Nerves Explained.' By Richard Asher, M.D.,

F.R.C.P. Pp. 157. London: Faber & Faber.1957. Ios. 6d.'Recent Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases.' By

526 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL October 1957

S. Leff, M.D., D.P.H. Pp. xii + 408. London:H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. I957. 35s.

'Practical Dermatology.' By Samuel M. Peck,B.S., M.D., and Laurence L. Palitz, M.D., D.P.L.Pp. xvii + 380, with i22 illustrations. London:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 1956. 52s. 6d.'Rheumatic Diseases, Rheumatism and Ar-

thritis.' By Heinrich G. Brugsch, M.D., F.A.C.P.Pp. xiv -+ 330, with 58 illustrations. London:Pitman Medical Publishing Co. 1957. 8os.'A Student's Histology.' By H. S. D. Garven,

B.Sc., M.D., F.R.S.E., F.R.F.P.S.G. Pp. xii +650, illustrated. Edinburgh: E. & S. LivingstoneLtd. 1957. 55s.

'Operative Surgery.' Vol. IV. Edited byCharles Rob, M.C., M.Chir., F.R.C.S., andRodney Smith, M.S., F.R.C.S. Pp. xiii + 26i,illustrated. London: Butterworth & Co. Ltd.I957. £5 Ios.'The Clinical Management of Varicose Veins.'

By D. W. Barrow, M.D. 2nd Edition. Pp. xiii+ i69, with 70 illustrations. London: Cassell &Co. Ltd. I957. 45s.

'Extensile Exposure.' By A. K. Henry, M.B.,M.Chir., F.R.C.S.I. 2nd Edition. Pp. xii + 320,with 298 illustrations. Edinburgh: E. & S. Living-stone Ltd. I957. 45s.

' Fluid Balance in Surgical Practice.' By L. P.Le Quesne, D.M., F.R.C.S. 2nd Edition. Pp. vii+ I40, with 38 illustrations. London: Lloyd-Luke Ltd. 1957. 2os.'A Mental Health Handbook.' By I. Skottowe,

M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.M. Pp. vii + I96. London:Edward Arnold Ltd. 1957. 2Is.'Report of the Medical Research Council,

1955-56.' Pp. vii + 270. London: H.M.S.O.1957. 9s.'Uses of Epidemiology.' By J. N. Morris,

M.A., F.R.C.P., D.P.H. Pp. viii +- 35. Edin-burgh: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. I957. I7s. 6d.'B.C.G. and Vole Vaccination.' By K. Neville

Irvine, M.A., D.M., B.Ch., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Pp. 103, with Io coloured illustrations. London:NAPT. 1957. I5s.'The Quicksilver Doctor.' By Kenneth Dew-

hurst. Pp. ix + 192, with I2 illustrations. Bristol:John Wright & Sons Ltd. 1957. 2Is.'The Life, Work and Times of Charles Turner

Thackrah.' By A. Meiklejohn. Pp. 238. Edin-burgh: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. 1957. 25s.'Blood and Bone Marrow Patterns,' By G. D.

Talbott, M.D., Elmer R. Hunsicker, B.S., andJonah Li, M.D. Pp. 59, fully coloured. New Yorkand London: Grune & Stratton Inc. 1957. $I2.'Medicine and the Navy, I200-I900.' Vol. I:

200o-I649. By J. J. Keevil. Pp. viii + 255, with15 illustrations. Edinburgh: E. & S. LivingstoneLtd. 1957. 40s.

'Practical Gynecology.' By Walter J. Reich,M.D., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S., and Mitchell J. Nechtow,M.D., F.R.C.S., F.I.C.S. Pp. xviii + 648, with

215 illustrations and 17 colour plates. London:Pitman Medical Publishing Co. Ltd. I957. C5.

' An Obstetric Survey. Supplement to ResearchNewsletter No. I4.' Pp. iv + 90. London: Collegeof General Practitioners. I957. 6s.

'Psychosynthesis.' By J. P. Crawford, M.D.,M.R.C.P., D.P.M. Pp. 104, with 2 illustrations.London: Ash & Co. Ltd. I956. Price not stated.

'Lectures on the Scientific Basis of Medicine.'Vol. V: I955-56. British Postgraduate MedicalFederation. Pp. xii + 473, illustrated. London:The Athlone Press. 1957. 45s.'Spot Diagnosis.' Vol. III. Compiled by

Editors of the British Journal of Clinical Practice.Pp. 141, illustrated. London: Harvey & BlytheLtd. 1957. Ios. 6d.'Textbook of British Surgery.' Vol. II. Edited

by Sir Henry Souttar, C.B.E., D.M., F.R.C.S.,and J. C. Goligher, Ch.M., F.R.C.S. Pp. viii + 693,with 349 illustrations. London: William Heine-mann Ltd. 1957. 105s.'An Introduction to Psychopathology.' By

D. Russell Davis. Pp. vii + 388. London: OxfordUniversity Press. I957. 30s.

'Emergencies in General Practice.' Speciallycommissioned articles from the British MedicalJournal. Pp. x + 470, illustrated. London:British Medical Association. I957. 25s.'The Evolution of Medical Education in the

Nineteenth Century.' By Charles Newman, M.D.,F.R.C.P. Pp. x + 340. London: Oxford Univer-sity Press. 1957. 30s.

'Introduction to Electrocardiography.' By L.Schamroth, M.B., B.Ch., M.R.C.P.E., F.R.F.P.S.Pp. xi + 60, illustrated. Oxford: BlackwellScientific Publications. 1957. I2s. 6d.'Unexpected Reactions to Modem Thera-

peutics. Antibiotics.' By Leo Schindel, M.D.Pp. xii + 146. London: William Heinemann Ltd.I957. I5s.'Aids to Ophthalmology.' By P. McG. Moffatt,

MD., M.R.C.P., F.R.C.S., D.O.M.S. Pp. viii+ 282, illustrated. London: Bailliere, Tindall &Cox. 1957. Ios. 6d.

'British' Encyclopaedia of Medical Practice.Pharmacopoeia.' 2nd Edition. Pp. viii + 696,index 32. London: Butterworth & Co. Ltd.I957. 65s.'Biochemical Disorders in Human Disease.'

Edited by R. M. S. Thompson, M.A., D.M., andE. J. King, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.I.C. Pp. xiv + 843,with I2I illustrations. London: J. & A. ChurchillLtd. I957. 90s.

' Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. VA MedicalMonograph.' Edited by Barnes Woodhall, M.D.,and Gilbert W. Beebe, Ph.D. Pp. xxi + 671, with60 illustrations. Washington: U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office. I957. No price stated.'A Pocket Obstetrics.' By A. C. H. Bell,

F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G., Hon. M.M.S.A. 4th Edi-tion. Pp. viii + 156. London: J. & A. ChurchillLtd. 1957. Ios. 6d.

528

POSTGRADUATE NEWSOctober 1957

The information contained in this section is published by courtesy of theorganizations concerned and no responsibility for any changes of detailor omissions can be accepted by the publishers. In all cases, applicationsfor enrolment or further information should be made direct to thesponsors of the course.

FELLOWSHIP OF POSTGRADUATEMEDICINEThe following courses are planned but the dates anddetails are subject to alteration.Plastic Surgery. Week-end. October 26 to 27. Allday Saturday and Sunday. Plastic Jaw Unit, RooksdownHouse, Basingstoke. Limited. Fee £3 3s. od. (Noentries accepted until syllabus is published andcirculated.)General Medicine (M.R.C.P.). October 21 toNovember 15. Connaught, Wanstead and Whipps CrossHospitals. 2 to 6 p.m. Fee £23. (No entries untilsyllabus is published and circulated.)General Surgery (F.R.C.S.). Evening. October 21to 25. Connaught Hospital, Walthamstow. 7 to 9 p.m.Limited. Fee £4 4s. od.General Medicine (M.R.C.P.). November I8 toDecember 20. Daily 5.30 to 8.30 p.m. (Saturdays 2 to4 p.m.). Whittington Hospital, Archway Wing. Limited.Fee £23. (No entries accepted until syllabus is pub-lished and circulated.)Infectious Diseases (M.R.C.P.) Week-end. November30 and December I. All day Saturday and Sunday. HitherGreen Hospital, London, S.E.I 3. Limited. Fee £3 3s. od.General Medicine (M.R.C.P.). Weekend, Decem-ber 14 and 15. All day Saturday and Sunday. QueenMary's Hospital for the East End. Limited. Fee£3 3s. od.Please note that instruction arranged by the Fellowshipof Postgraduate Medicine is open only to members (annualsubscription, from month ofjoining, xos. 6d.). In the caseof ' limited' courses no entries are accepted in advanceof the detailed syllabuses being published and circulated;postgraduates (whether members or not) are not automatic-ally included in the mailing lists, but must notify theFellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 60 Portland Place,London, W.I, if they wish to be sent syllabuses as pub-lished, and must specify the subjects in which they areinterested. Information regarding courses can be obtainedfrom the office daily between io a.m. and 5 p.m. (Mondaysto Fridays). Telephone: Langham 4266.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OFENGLANDThe following course will be held:Anaesthetics Course of Lectures and Tutorials.October 14 to 25, 1957. Fees: Lectures and demonstra-tions, £I5 I5s. od.; individual lectures, Ios. each;tutorials, £Io Ios. od.Basic Medical Sciences. September I6 to December

20, I957. Fees: £63 (full-time course), £36 15s. od.(lectures only).Basic Medical Sciences Course for Dental Students.December a to January 31, 1958. Fee £3I Ios. od.Clinical Surgery. August 26 to October i8, I957.Fee £31 Ios. od.Clinical Conferences and Surgery Lectures. Sep-tember 30 to October I8, 1957. Fees: £I5 I5s. od. (fullcourse), £io Ios. od. (lectures only).Clinical Demonstrations and Lectures in DentalSurgery. October 21 to December 13, 1957. Fee£31 los. od.; lectures only, £io; individual lectures,os. each.

Application for further information should be made toMr. W. F. Davis, Deputy Secretary, Royal College ofSurgeons, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C.2.

SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDONDiploma in Industrial Health (D.I.H.). Theexaminations are held in July and December each year.Diploma of Mastery of Midwifery (M.M.S.A.). Theexaminations are held in May and November each year.A course of eight lectures in advanced medicine andsurgery will be delivered at the Apothecaries Hall asfollows:-November25 5 p.m. Prof. G. M. Wilson. The clinical research

aspect of isotopes.6.15 p.m. Dr. J. F. Loutit. Radiation hazards.

26 5 p.m. Miss Hannah Steinberg. Pharmacologicalaspects of 'tranquillizers.'6.15 p.m. Dr. Michael Shepherd. The use andabuse of 'tranquillizers.'

27 5 p.m. Dr. C. F. Hawkins. Ulcerative colitis: themedical aspect.6.15 p.m. Mr. Bryan N. Brooke. The surgicalaspect.

28 5 p.m. Prof. E. Boyland. Recent work in malignantdisease: aetiology.6.15 p.m. Prof. F. Bergel. The chemotherapyaspect.

For further information applications should be addressedto the Registrar, Society of Apothecaries, Black FriarsLane, London, E.C.4.

DENTAL BOARD OF THE UNITEDKINGDOMThe Dental Postgraduate Bureau has issued threebooklets, as follows:'Facilities for Dental Postgraduate Study in the United

October I957 Postgraduate News 59

IKingdbm and Ireland,' containing a list of schools andinstitutions at which postgraduate courses are held orwhich provide facilities for individual students, and analphabetical list of subjects showing where instructionin each can be obtained; 'Scholarships and Student-ships for Advanced Studies and Research in Dentistry,'including many open to British subjects tenable abroad;'Higher Dental Qualifications,' setting out in generalterms the conditions to be satisfied by candidates.Copies of these booklets, particulars of films of interest todentists, and further information can be obtained onapplication to the Director, Dental Postgraduate Bureau,44 Hallam Street, London, W.I.

BRITISH POSTGRADUATE MEDICALFEDERATION (University of London)The Federation provides:(x) Training for prospective specialists, supplementing

the work of the undergraduate medical schools.(2) Advanced revision for practising specialists.(3) Instruction for medical practitioners who, though

not specialists, desire more detailed knowledge ofany branch of medicine.

(4) Instruction for general practitioners.Comprising the Federation at present are the Post-graduate Medical School of London, Institute of BasicMedical Sciences, Institute of Cancer Research, Instituteof Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, Institute ofDental Surgery, Institute of Diseases of the Chest,Institute of Laryngology and Otology, Institute ofNeurology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Orthopaedics,Institute of Psychiatry, Institute of Urology: associatedinstitute is the Institute of Dermatology.The following lectures, which are designed especially forresearch workers and specialists in training, will bedelivered at the London School of Hygiene and TropicalMedicine, Keppel Street, W.C.I, on Tuesdays andThursdays at 5.30 p.m. Admission free.October17 Dr. Julian Huxley. Some biological aspects of

cancer. (In the Beveridge Hall, Senate House,University of London, W.C.I.)

22 Prof. W. S. Peart. Some biochemical aspects ofhypertension.

24 Prof. G. L. Montgomery. Some problems in thepathology of coronary artery disease.

29 Dr. J. P. Shillingford. The study of the circulationby dye dilution curves.

31 Dr. Rosemary Biggs. Haemophilia and Christmasdisease.

Courses for general practitioners will be held as follows:GeneralOctober 14 to 26 Royal Northern Hospital, N.7.November i to 15 Whittington Hospital, N. 9.November ii to x5 London Undergraduate and Post-

graduate Teaching Hospitals.November i8 to 30 Central Middlesex Hospital,

N.W. o.December 2 to 7 National Temperance Hospital,

N.W.I.Obstetrics and GynaecologyOctober 28 to November i Brighton Group.November 14 and 15 Institute of Obstetrics and

Gynaecology, S.W.3.PaediatricsNovember 14 and 15 Institute of Child Health, Great

Ormond Street, W.C.I.

DermatologyNovember I4 and I5 Institute of Dermatology, W.C.2.Diseases of the ChestNovember 14 and 15 Institute of Diseases of the Chest,

Brompton, S.W.3.Applications for places on the above courses should be madeto the Secretary, British Postgraduate Medical Federation,and should state if the application is or is not made underthe scheme for N.H.S. practitioners.Extended and Week-end CoursesGeneralSeptember i to October 30 (8 Wednesday afternoons).

Royal Free Hospital, W.C.I.September 25 to December 4 (1i Wednesday after-

noons). Portsmouth Group.September 26 to October 31 (6 Thursday afternoons).

St. Peter's Hospital, Chertsey.September 27 to December 6 (ii Friday afternoons).

St. Helier Hospital, Carshalton.October 2 to November 6 (6 Wednesday afternoons).

St. Luke's Hospital, Guildford.October 2 to December i (i Wednesday afternoons).

Connaught Hospital, E. 7.October 12 and I3 (Weekend). Worthing Group.October 12 and 13 (Weekend). Queen Mary's Hos-

pital, Sidcup.October I9 and 20 (Weekend). Royal Hampshire

County Hospital, Winchester.November 2 and 3 (Weekend). Lister Hospital, Hitchin.ObstetricsOctober 5 and 6 (Weekend). City of London Maternity

Hospital, N.4.October io to December 19 (i Thursday afternoons).

Bromley Hospital, Kent.October 26 and 27 (Weekend). Mothers' Hospital, E.5.PaediatricsOctober 3 to December 5 (io Thursday afternoons).

Farnborough Hospital, Kent.October I9 and 20 (Weekend). University Hospital,

W.C.I.RehabilitationNovember 2 and 3 (Weekend). Royal Hampshire

County Hospital, Winchester.Applications for places on the above courses should bemade to the hospital concerned.All the courses are available to N.H.S. practitioners,for whom fees and allowances (travelling expenses,locum fees, etc.) are provided for courses equivalent to22 half-day sessions in an academic year, subject tocertain conditions. Grants are also payable in respectof assistant practitioners under certain conditions.Other practitioners may attend on payment of a fee ofo1 guineas for two weeks, 5 guineas for one week orextended course of i I sessions, I guineas for a week-endcourse.Applications for further information should be made tothe Secretary, British Postgraduate Medical Federation,I8 Guilford Street, London, W.C.i.

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL SCHOOL OFLONDON (Hammersmith Hospital)The Postgraduate Medical School of London hasUniversity Departments in Medicine, Surgery andPathology. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynae-cology, together with Queen Charlotte's and the ChelseaHospitals, now forms the Institute of Obstetrics andGynaecology. The teaching in the clinical departments,which is of an advanced nature and based on ward work,is continuous and is supplemented by lectures during

530 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL October I957

three ten-week sessions starting in January, April andOctober. Suitable students are encouraged to under-take research work. A course for the University Diplomain Clinical Pathology, lasting one year, is available for alimited number of selected students. This commences inOctober. The- Department of Radiology of the Hospitalprovides courses for the Diplomas in Medical Radiologyof the Conjoint Board. The fees vary from £3 for oneweek to £75 for a year.Anaesthetics. The Department of Anaesthesia offersa course of instruction for the academic year beginningOctober 2, to a limited number of postgraduates wishingto specialize in anaesthesia. A comprehensive teachingprogramme has been established and the subjectscovered include anatomy, pathology, pharmacology andphysiology. In addition to systematic lectures inanaesthesia, medicine and surgery, clinical training isprovided in the wards and operating theatres and specialprovision is made for the demonstration of techniquesnot in common use. Fee for the course, £75 plus £3enrolment fee.For further information application should be made tothe Dean, Postgraduate Medical School of London,Ducane Road, London, W.iz.

INSTITUTE OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES(Royal College of Surgeons of England)The Institute co-operates with other specialist Institutesof the Federation in providing facilities for practicalwork and instruction in the basic medical sciences.Twice a year, beginning in February and September,there is a full demonstration and lecture course which isfull-time and extends over a period of fourteen weeks.In addition, there are two revision courses a year of lec-tures only, which take place at the same time as theother course. Applications for this course can be ac-cepted up to six weeks before the course begins. Fees:Demonstrations and lectures, £63; lectures only,£36 15s. od. A two-months' course for Primary F.D.S.candidates is also held twice a year in December andJune and the next course will begin on December 2,1957. The course is full-time and the fee £3I Ios. od.For further information please apply to the Secretary,Institute of Basic and Medical Sciences, Royal College ofSurgeons of England, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C.2.

INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH (RoyalCancer Hospital)Postgraduate lectures and courses of instruction are heldin biophysics for students studying for the M.Sc.degree in Biophysics, and for students studying for aDiploma in Medical Radiotherapy.Enquiries should be made to the Dean, Institute of CancerResearch, Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London,S.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY(National Heart Hospital)Courses of instruction lasting i weeks are available forboth full-time and part-time students; fees £36 15s. odand £18 I8s. od. respectively.Special short courses lasting two weeks are held inFebruary, June and November: fee £I8 i8s. od.Enquiries, and applications for admission to courses, shouldbe addressed to the Dean, Institute of Cardiology, 35Wimpole Street, PW.i.

INSTITUTE OF DISEASES OF THE CHEST(Brompton Hospital and the London ChestHospital)The Institute of Diseases of the Chest (Medical Schoolof the Hospitals for Diseases of the Chest) is situated inthe grounds of the Brompton Hospital, S.W.3.MedicalInstruction in diseases of the chest including tuberculosisis conducted during three terms of ten weeks each year.It consists of clinical work in wards and out-patientdepartments, lectures and demonstrations. A whole-time programme is arranged for not more than 12graduates each term, preferably those specializing indiseases of the chest. The lectures and demonstrationsare so arranged that the subject of chest disease iscovered during the two terms beginning in October andJanuary. The lectures during the summer term arearranged as a general revision course. A larger numberof graduates can be accepted for part-time study. Ifvacancies are available it may be possible to acceptgraduates for shorter periods of part-time study.SurgicalA whole-time course in chest surgery is conductedduring the terms beginning in October and January. Itincludes attendances at out-patient clinics, operatingsessions, ward.clinics, case demonstrations and lecturesand is held partly at the Brompton Hospital and partlyat the London Chest Hospital.Cardiology. A whole-time course in the surgicalaspects of cardiology will be conducted during thethree terms. This course is mainly of a practical nature,consisting of out-patient attendances, ward rounds,and operating sessions with some lectures and tutorials.The course is held partly at the Brompton Hospitaland partly at the London Chest Hospital.Fees for whole-time course (Medical, Surgical orCardiological) are £20 for one term and £35 for twoterms, and for part-time courses £14 for one term or,6 for one month.RadiologyPart-time instruction in radiology of the chest for traineeradiologists only is given each term. Fee £io for oneterm.Clinical demonstrations are given on Fridays at5 p.m. Open lectures are given on Wednesdays at 5p.m. during University Terms. Admission free.For further general information application should beaddressed to the Dean, Institute of Diseases of the Chest,Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road, S.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH(Hospital for Sick Children, Queen ElizabethHospital for Children, Postgraduate MedicalSchool)The Institute of Child Health is associated with TheHospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, thePostgraduate Medical School of London at Hammer-smith Hospital, and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital forChildren. In its programme teaching on every aspectof child health is provided. Visits are arranged to thedepartment for the new-born and premature infant atthe Postgraduate Medical School of London, Hammer-smith Hospital. Maternity and Child Welfare Clinics,Nursery Schools, etc. The Institute provides tuitionthroughout the year in three terms of 12 weeks' durationeach, beginning in January, May and September.Two or three guest lectures are given during thesummer term by visiting paediatricians from abroad.

October I957 Postgraduate News 531

The fees are 25 guineas for one term and 45 guineas fortwo terms.

Applications should be addressed to the Dean, Instituteof Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, GreatOrmond Street, London, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SURGERY(Eastman Dental Hospital)The Institute holds courses in orthodontics (full-time,for one year), and in periodontology, conservativedentistry, prosthetics, minor oral surgery and children'sdentistry (variable length, full- and part-time). Re-fresher courses are arranged twice yearly for generalpractitioners. Courses are also held in conjunctionwith the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the Royal Collegeof Surgeons and are suitable for candidates preparingfor the final examination for the Fellowship in DentalSurgery of the College. These begin in April andOctober (lasting for approximately eight months), fee£60, and in April and October there are revisioncourses lasting eight weeks, fee £3I Ios. od. Specialarrangements can be made for students requiring coursesof study and research experience not falling within thescope of the courses listed above.For further information apply to the Dean, Institute ofDental Surgery, Eastman Dental Hospital, Gray's InnRoad, London, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF DERMATOLOGY(St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin)Hospital Practice. This includes clinical instructionin the Out-Patient Department daily, in the In-PatientDepartment twice weekly, tutorials in clinical dermat-ology and histopathology, attendance in the Departmentof Pathology and other Departments of the Hospital.Fees: 25 guineas for one term; 60 guineas for one year.Laboratory. The facilities for students include tech-nical work 'in histology, bacteriology and medicalmycology.Museum. A collection of moulages is available. Thereis access to a large collection of histopathologicalsections.Exhibitions. Semi-permanent exhibitions are availableduring the winter course. The first, from October i to20, will be by Drs. C. D. Calnan, H. Haber and G. C.Wells and will be on pigmented lesions of the skin.Lectures. The year's lecture course commences onOctober I and carries on until the end of June. Thosewho wish to attend are advised to come full-time forthe whole year. Lectures are at 5.30 p.m. on Tuesdays,Wednesdays and Thursdays.October2 Dr. R. W. Riddell. Role of fungi in dermatology.8 Dr. J. S. 'Pegum. Keratinization.9 Dr. H. Haber. Normal skin anatomy and functions

of epidermis.Io Dr. R. M. B. MacKenna. Sebaceous glandular

system.15 Dr. P. J. Hare. Sweat production and anomalies.i6 Dr. H. Haber. Dermis and subcutanepus tissue.22 Dr. N. R. Mackay. Radiation physics (i).23 Dr. A. Tickner. Vitamins and skin metabolism.24 Dr. S. C. Gold. Connective tissue diseases.29 Dr. N. R. Mackay. Radiation physics (z).30 Dr. R. W. Riddell. Diagnosis of fungous infection.31 Dr. G. C. Wells. Pigmentation.Clinical Demonstrations. Clinical demonstrationsheld on Fridays at 5.30 p.m. are designed for those

intending to sit for the M.R.C.P. examinations. Feefor winter term is five guineas.October4 Dr. S. C. Gold. Clinical demonstration.

ii Dr. M. S. Thomson. Clinical demonstration.I8 Dr. G. B. Dowling. Clinical demonstration.25 Dr. F. R. Bettley. Clinical demonstration.Enquiries should be made to the Dean, Institute of Der-matology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin,Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2.

INSTITUTE OF LARYNGOLOGY ANDOTOLOGY(Royal National Throat, Nose and EarHospital)There is daily clinical teaching throughout the yearand the theoretical aspects of the specialty and of thebasic sciences upon which it is founded are covered bycourses of lectures and demonstrations which are heldtwice annually, commencing in February and August.There are facilities for dissection as part of the course;for appointments as clinical assistants in the associatedHospital and for higher posts for advanced students.Twice yearly there are advanced revision classes forM.S. and F.R.C.S. students and practical revisionclasses for Part II D.L.O. students. Weekend coursesin endoscopy, malignant diseases, aural surgery, thedeaf child and pathology are arranged periodically.For further information application should be addressedto the Dean, Institute of Laryngology and Otology,330 Gray's Inn Road, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGY(The National Hospital, Queen Square, andthe Maida Vale Hospital for NervousDiseases)The teaching is mainly by attendance on the hospitalpractice. Some advanced students are appointed asfull-time clinical clerks at the National Hospital, QueenSquare, or to the electro-encephalographic or one ofthe other special departments, or to the research labora-tories. A limited number of part-time clinical clerkshipsare available at the Maida Vale Hospital with opportunityfor examining patients.In addition two full-time courses of ten weeks' durationare given each year, namely in the autumn and springterms. .The first portion of each course deals with theanatomy and physiology of the nervous system, neuro-pathology and psychology, and consists mainly oflectures and demonstrations. The second portion dealswith clinical neurology, medical and surgical, neuro-ophthalmology, neuro-otology and radiology, andincludes lectures and demonstrations. Special lecturesby neurologists from outside London and from abroadare held throughout these courses. Fees for the tenweeks' full-time course, £25; for attending hospitalpractice, £i8 for three months or £32 for six months.Part-time teaching is given in the Out-Patient Depart-ment, at the National Hospital, Queen Square, on fivedays a week throughout the year (public holidaysexcepted) and at Maida Vale Hospital.Courses of clinical demonstrations are given on Wednes-days and Saturdays at the National Hospital, QueenSquare. Fee for either course, £2 2S. od. Advertise-ments concerning these appear from time to time inthe medical journals.A course of Ii lectures on 'Neurological disorders inchildren' is being given during the autumn term at

532 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL October I957

5.30 p.m. on Wednesdays from October 9 to Decemberx8, I957. Fee for full course, £3 3s. od.; single lectures,7s. 6d.Guest lectures will be given as follows:October7 Dr. Henry Miller. Neurology in the general

hospital.II Prof. Mogens Fog (Denmark). Unconsciousness-a

clinico-pathological study.14 Prof. E. Herman (Poland). Observations on mus-

cular dystrophy.Admission free.For further particulars please apply to the Dean, Instituteof Neurology, National Hospital, Queen Square, London,W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF OBSTETRICS ANDGYNAECOLOGY(Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital,Chelsea Hospital for Women, Department ofObstetrics and Gynaecology of Hammer-smith Hospital)Two terms of I3 weeks each are held, beginning in thesecond week of March and the first week of September(enrolment fee £3; £36 for the term's course). Generalpractitioners are accepted to attend for short periodsduring term time (fee £3 Ios. od. per week). Generalpractitioner refresher courses lasting one week are held atthe end of February and the end of June (fee £5 5s. od.).Ministry of Health grants are payable for approved prac-titioners attending either for one or two weeks duringterm, or the one week refresher course. An intensivecourse suitable for those preparing for higher examina-tions is held during the first two weeks of December andthe first two weeks of June (fee £14 I4s. od.). A limitednumber of postgraduates can be accepted to attend thepractice of the hospital during the winter vacation (fee£I per week). Laboratory training in pathology, endo-crinology and cytology is available for a limited numberof postgraduates. The Institute has hostel rooms atQueen Charlotte's Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital.Further information and enrolment forms can be obtainedfrom the Secretary, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Chelsea Hospital for Women, Dovehouse Street, London,S.W.3.INSTITUTE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY(Royal London Ophthalmic, Royal West-minster Ophthalmic, Central LondonOphthalmic Hospitals)Courses of lectures and classes beginning March I andOctober i each year to meet the requirements of can-didates entering for the examination for the Diploma inOphthalmology and other ophthalmological examinationswill be given by members of the staff of the Hospital andInstitute. Each course is designed to extend over twoterms of approximately 16 weeks each and is normallydivided into two parts.Part I. Anatomy (including embryology and normalhistology), elementary physiology of the eye, optics(elementary and physiological), practical tutorials inrefraction work and clinical subjects.Part II. All clinical branches of the subject, togetherwith bacteriology and pathology. Students can attendthe daily clinical practice of the two branches of theMoorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospitals, andhold the appointments of Clinical Assistants con-currently with the above courses. A composition fee

of £3 I os. od. will admit students, once to the lecturesand tutorial classes of any one term, with six months'clinical practice in the hospital.Extra Courses, Slit lamp microscopy (fee £5 5s. od.);orthoptic training (one week's intensive course, fee,5 5s. od.); contact lenses (one week's intensive course,fee £Io Ios. od.). Additional courses by arrangement.Hospital Ptactice only. Fees as follows: One month,L2 2s. od.; three months, £5 5s. od.; six months,,Io Ios. od.Facilities for research.For further information apply to the Dean, Institute ofOphthalmology, Judd Street, London, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF ORTHOPAEDICS(Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital)The Institute is concerned with postgraduate educationin orthopaedics and with research. The practice of theHospital (both at the town section in Great PortlandStreet and at the country section at Stanmore) and aRadiological Museum and the Wellcome Museum ofOrthopaedics are open to postgraduates, who mayjoin at any time. In addition to hospital practice, formalcourses of various lengths are held during academicterms.October9 8 p.m. Clinical conference at the town section.

12 o1 a.m. Mr. K. L. Nissen. Teaching ward round-Country section.

November14 to I6 Course on disorders of joints. Fee.27 8 p.m. Clinical conference at the town section.December14 IO.30 a.m. Mr. R. L. G. Dawson. Teaching ward

round-Mount Vernon Hospital.Facilities for advanced clinical work are available forselected candidates having a suitable scientific orsurgical training.Further particulars may be obtained from the Dean,Institute of Orthopaedics, Royal National OrthopaedicHospital, 234 Great Portland Street, London, W.I.

INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY (BethlemRoyal Hospital and Maudsley Hospital)The Institute is concerned with postgraduate educationin psychiatry and allied subjects, and with research. Acourse of instruction covering up to three years, andstarting in October yearly, is provided for medicalpractitioners who wish to specialize in psychiatry or toprepare for the Diploma in Psychological Medicine.Clinical instruction, which includes case conferences,seminars, and practical experience in case-taking, isgiven at associated hospitals in the mornings, andsystematic lectures and demonstrations are arranged forthe afternoons. Students may also enrol for shorterperiods or for single series of lectures.The subjects covered include anatomy and biochemistryof the nervous system, neurophysiology, pathology ofnervous and mental diseases, psychiatry of children andadults, delinquency, principles of psychotherapy,forensic psychiatry and criminology, psychology, mentaltesting and statistics. There is a special six months'course in child psychiatry, comprising clinical instruc-tion and lectures, which starts on October i. Lectureson subjects of special interest are arranged from time totime. The tuition fee for a full year's course is£53-Ios. od., including enrolment fee. For shorterperiods the fee varies with the type of course chosen.

October 1957 Postgraduate News 533Selected students are eligible for appointments on thestaff of the Joint Hospital.Facilities for research and supervision of study forhigher degrees can be provided in clinical work and inthe biochemical, physiological, neuro-endocrinological,neuropathological and psychological laboratories.A course for Honours Graduates in Psychology is avail-able in clinical psychology for the Academic Post-graduate Diploma in Psychology. In conjunction withthe Institute of Neurology, a course in the techniques ofelectroencephalography is provided for doctors whoexpect to take up electroencephalographic appointmentsin hospitals.Further information may be obtained from the Dean,Institute of Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, DenmarkHill, London, S.E.s.

INSTITUTE OF UROLOGY (St. Peter's, St.Paul's and St. Philip's Hospitals)Week-end courses of lectures and demonstrations,beginning on Friday afternoon and ending on Sundayabout tea-time, are given about once a month, fromOctober to April, as advertised. Fee £5 5s. od. for eachcourse.

Lectures for general practitioners are given on Wednes-days, throughout the winter months, at 4.30 p.m. for5 p.m. No fee.The practice of the hospitals, including the use of theInstitute museum, reading room and library, is open tostudents attending the courses.Applications should be addressed to the Secretary, Instituteof Urology, Io Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London,W.C.a.

EAST HAM CHEST CLINICOut-patient teaching. Mondays at 2.30 p.m.Apply Senior Registrar, East Ham Chest Clinic, KatherineRoad, Forest Gate, London, E. 7.

LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE ANDTROPICAL MEDICINE(University of London)Courses of study are arranged for the C.P.H. andD.P.H. (London University); D.T.M. & H. (Eng.);and Academic Diploma in Bacteriology. Short coursesare arranged in the Principles of Medical Statistics andEpidemiology, Statistical Methods and their Applica-tion in Medicine, and Applied Helminthology.For further information and enrolment application shouldbe addressed to the Secretary, London School of Hygieneand Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street,London, W.C.I.

NORTH LONDON POSTGRADUATEMEDICAL INSTITUTECourses in advanced medicine, advanced surgery, andobstetrics and gynaecology. Instruction in pathology,anaesthetics and radiodiagnosis. Clinical instruction atBearsted Memorial Hospital, Chase Farm Hospital,North Middlesex Hospital, The Prince of Wales'sGeneral Hospital and St. Ann's General Hospital.For further information apply to the Dean, the Prince ofWales's General Hospital, London, N. I5.PLAISTOW HOSPITAL CHEST UNITIn.patient round every Thursday at 4.30 p.m.Apply Registrar, Plaistow Hospital, Samson Street,Plaistow, London, E.I3.

ROYAL LONDON HOMOEOPATHICHOSPITALClinical Tutorials. Practical instruction in the appli-cation of homoeopathic principles is given by theTutors, Dr. W. L. Templeton and Dr. D. M. Foubister,at their tutorial clinics in the O.P. Department onMonday at 2 p.m. and Thursday at 1.30 p.m. through-out the year. Open to medical practitioners withoutfee.A set course of Instruction in homoeopathy is given atintervals during the year.For further information application should be made tothe Dean of the Education Course, Royal London Homoco-pathic Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, W.C.I.

ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOLObstetrical and gynaecological conferences will be heldin the Wright Fleming Institute Theatre on Tuesdaysat 5 p.m. Admission free.October15 Mr. J. Chasser Moir. Sir James Y. Simpson-a

battle against bigotry.22 Dr. A. M. Joekes. Anuria following labour and

abortion.29 Mr. W. J. H. M. Beattie. The acute abdomen and

the gynaecologist.November5 Mr. F. E. Stabler. Endometriosis.

ST. STEPHEN'S HOSPITAL(Rheumatism Unit).A concentrated weekend course in the rheumatic diseasesis given each year, in March, und :r the auspices of theFellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.A limited number of postgraduates can attend the out-patient sessions of the unit on Wednesday and Fridaymornings at io a.m.Applications for attendance at these sessions should bemade to the Medical Registrar, Rheumatism Unit, St.Stephen's Hospital, Fulham Road, S.W.io.

WEST END HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGYAND NEUROSURGERYClinical demonstrations in neurology will be given onTuesdays at 5.30 p.m. as follows. No fee.October

i Mr. G. C. Knight. Intracranial abscess.8 Mr. J. Minton. Ocular manifestations in clinical

neurology-Part I.15 Dr. T. Rowland Hill. Neurological demonstration.22 Mr. K. I. Nissen. Mechanisms of the carpal tunnel

syndrome.29 Dr. G. A. D. Gordon. Demonstration of neuro-

radiology.November5 Dr. Colin Edwards. Neurological demonstration.

For further information applications should be addressedto the Secretary of the Medical School, West End Hospitalfor Neurology and Neurosurgery, 91 Dean Street, London,'W.I.

EMPIRE RHEUMATISM COUNCILLecture courses in rheumatic diseases are arrangedfor general practitioners and other postgraduatesperiodically.Particulars are obtainable from the General Secretary,

534 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL October 1957

Empire Rheumatism Council, Tavistock House (N),Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I.

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTHAND HYGIENEThe Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygieneconducts recognized courses of instruction (startingannually in March and September) for the examinationsof the Conjoint Board of the Royal College of Physiciansof London and the Royal College of Surgeons ofEngland for the Diploma in Public Health. Studentsare also prepared for the Diploma in Industrial Healthexaminations of the Conjoint Board and of the Societyof Apothecaries of London. Courses, the next begin-ning on September 20, 1957, may be taken whole-timeor part-time courses may be commenced at any time,and consist of both lectures and visits. In the D.P.H.the practical work is carried out at a county or metro-politan borough.Prospectuses, enrolment forms and full particulars may beobtained from the Acting Secretary, The Royal Instituteof Public Health and Hygiene, 28 Portland Place, London,W.I. Telephone; Langham 2731-2.TUBERCULOSIS EDUCATIONALINSTITUTEColindale Hospital, London, N.W.9. A clinical coursefor doctors will be held on October 7, 8 and 9, 1957.Fee £3 3s. od.Further information may be obtained from the SecretaryTuberculosis Educational Institute, Tavistock HouseNorth, Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I.

BRISTOLMedical Postgraduate Department of theUniversity of BristolDiploma Courses. These begin in October and areadvertised in the medical press in April. If there aresufficient candidates, instruction is provided for theUniversity's Diploma in Public Health and for thefollowing Diplomas of the Conjoint Board: Childhealth, psychological medicine (second part) and radio-diagnosis.Further information, copies of regulations for the Bristo IDiplomas application forms for the courses may be obtainedfrom the Director of Medical Postgraduate Studies, TheUniversity, Bristol 8.

CAMBRIDGECambridge University Medical SchoolSummary of postgraduate facilities for general medicalpractitioners from October i, 1957 to July 31, 1958(Bank Holidays excepted) at Addenbrooke's Hospitalunless otherwise stated.Each week. Mondays: 9 a.m. to II a.m., radiothera-peutic centre, gynaecological radium treatment (Prof.J. S. Mitchell, jointly with Mr. O. Lloyd and Miss J.Bottomley); 10.I5 a.m., Maternity Hospital, MillRoad, abnormal ante-natal clinic (Miss J. Bottomley);10.30 a.m., ward round, medical cases (Dr. A. P.Dick); 2.30 p.m., ward round, medical cases (Dr. L.C. Martin); 2.30 p.m., O.P. clinic, 2 Bene't Place, psy-chiatric cases or subject (Dr. D. Russell Davis). Tuesdays:9 a.m. to 9.30 a.m., radiotherapeutic centre, diagnosticradiology in relation to radiotherapy (Prof. J. S.Mitchell, jointly with Dr. F. R. Berridge); 9.15a.m., O.P. department, dermatological clinic (Dr.A. J. Rook); 10 a.m. to 12 noon, ward round, radio-therapy cases (Prof. J. S. Mitchell); 10.30 a.m., ward

round, medical cases (Dr. L. B. Cole); 2.15 p.m.,O.P. department, dermatological clinic (Dr. A. J. Rook);2.30 p.m., department of physical medicine, demonstra-tion of cases and methods (Dr. W. A. Fell). Wednes-days: 9 a.m. to I a.m., radiotherapeutic centre,discussion of cases under treatment (Prof. J. S.Mitchell); io a.m., ward round, haematological cases(Dr. F. G. J. Hayhoe); i a.m., dermatological clinic,O.P. department (Dr. C. H. Whittle); 2 p.m., O.P.department, E.N.T. cases (Dr. K. F. Wilsdon); 2.30p.m., O.P. department, dermatological cases (Dr. C. H.Whittle). Thursdays: 10.30 a.m., ward round, medicalcases (Dr. L. B. Cole); 10.30 a.m., ward round, PapworthHospital, thoracic surgical unit (Mr. C. Parish); 2.15p.m., O.P. department, cardiac clinic (Dr. L. B. Cole).Fridays: io a.m., ward round, surgical cases (Mr.J. F. R. Withycombe); 2.15 p.m., ward round, paediatriccases (Dr. D. M. T. Gairdner); 2.15 p.m., O.P. depart-ment, dermatological clinic (Dr. A. J. Rook); 2.30 p.m.;O.P. department, endocrine clinic (Dr. L. C. Martin);2.30 p.m., O.P. department, gastroenterological clinic(Dr. A. P. Dick and Dr. F. R. Berridge). Saturdays:10.30 a.m., ward round, medical cases (Dr. L. B. Cole).Each month. First Monday (by arrangement): 2.30p.m., radio-therapeutic centre, diagnosis and treatmentof cancer (Prof. J. S. Mitchell and Dr. D. Bratherton);2.30 p.m., X-ray department, radiological demonstration(Dr. D. McC. Gregg). First Thursday: 2.30 p.m., ortho-paedic O.P. department, orthopaedic cases or subject(Mr. T. J. Fairbank). First Friday: 2 p.m., The Clinic,Shire Hall, Castle Hill, diseases of the chest (Dr. M.Greenberg and Mr. C. Parish). Second Thursday:9.30 a.m., O.P. department, plastic surgery clinic (Mr.L. M. Rouillard). Third Monday: 2 p.m., ward round,surgical cases (Mr. B. McN. Truscott). Third Tues-day: 9.30 a.m., O.P. department, gynaecologicalcases (Mr. O. Lloyd); 3 p.m., O.P. department, clinicalpsychiatry (Dr. E. Beresford Davies). Third Wednes-day: 9.30 a.m., O.P. department, urological and generalsurgical cases (Mr. J. F. R. Withycombe); I0.30 a.m.,orthopaedic O.P., cases (Mr. R. W. Butler); 2.30 p.m.,X-ray department, radiological demonstration (Dr. F. R.Berridge). Third Thursday: 10.30 a.m., O.P. depart-ment, E.N.T. cases (Mr. A. S. H. Walford). FourthMonday: 9.30 a.m., ward round, general surgical cases(Mr. P. H. R. Ghey); io a.m., O.P. department,ophthalmic cases (Mr. G. F. Wright). Fourth Thurs-day: 3 p.m., O.P. department, psychiatric cases (Dr.D. H. Clark).Post-mortem demonstrations daily (except Satur-days) at 12 noon.Clinical and clinico-pathological meetings will beheld at 4 p.m. on Fridays, November i and December 6.One-day Symposia will be held each month fromOctober to July. October I9: Poliomyelitis and virusinfections, 10.30 a.m.

Further particulars may be obtained from the Secretary,Cambridge University Medical School, Tennis CourtRoad, Cambridge.

CARDIFFThe Welsh National School of MedicineD.P.H. Wales (Diploma in Public Health).. Part-time course from October I958, extending over twoacademic years.T.D.D. Wales (Tuberculous Diseases Diploma).Five to six months' full-time course, January to June.D.C.H.Eng. (Diploma in Child Health). Two sessionsweekly for twelve months.The number of admissions to each of the above courses is

October 1957 Postgraduate News 535

strictly limited, and early application should be made tothe Secretary, The Welsh National School of Medicine,34 Newport Road, Cardiff.

DUBLINUniversity CollegeThe following courses will be held during the session1957-58:D.P.H. Course. One academic year of whole-time

study. Examinations June and September.D.P.M. Course. Michaelmas term (if six applications).

Examination, summer term.Further particulars may be obtained on application to theRegistrar, University College, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin.

EDINBURGHEdinburgh Postgraduate Board for MedicineGeneral Surgery. Three months' courses of post-graduate surgery suitable for surgeons requiring arefresher course in the current outlook on generalsurgery or for graduates preparing to specialize insurgery, start on March I7, 1958, and September 29I958. The programme has been arranged so as toprovide co-ordinated clinical and systematic instructionin general surgical wards and specialized surgical unitsin Edinburgh. Fee £3I Ios. od.Medical Sciences. A three months' course inapplied anatomy, physiology, pathology, bacteriologyand biochemistry will begin on June 23, I958. Thiscourse includes an adequate amount of practical instruc-tion and is suitable for postgraduates wishing to takethe Primary Fellowship examination. Fee 31 Ios. od.Two courses in the basic medical sciences (anatomy,physiology, pathology including bacteriology) arearranged by the Royal College of Surgeons, under theaegis of the Edinburgh Postgraduate Board for Medi-cine. These courses, comprising lectures, demonstra-tions and practical instruction, will begin on October I4,-957, and middle of February, I958, and continue for tenweeks. Fee £26 5s. od.Internal Medicine. A course lasting 12 weeks, suit-able for graduates wishing a refresher course, or tospecialize in medicine, will begin on March 24, 1958, andSeptember 29, I958. This course consists of 320 hours'instruction, comprising lectures, clinical demonstrationsand ward visits. Fee £31 lOS. od.The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh awardtwo Hill Pattison-Struthers Bursaries each year tograduates attending the Internal Medicine course.Each Bursary amounts to £ioo. Applications must besubmitted to the Secretary, Royal College of Physiciansof Edinburgh, before December i6, I957.Additional instruction in clinical paediatrics and tropicalmedicine is arranged in conjunction with the course inmedicine, for which there is a small fee; the numbersare limited.Refresher Course for General Practitioners. Acourse lasting a fortnight starts annually in the firstweek of May.Applications for enrolment should be addressed to theDirector of Postgraduate Studies, Surgeons Hall, Edin-burgh 8, supplying particulars of qualifications andpostgraduate experience.

Royal Medical SocietyThe meetings of the Society are held in the Society'sHall on Friday evenings during the Autumn and SpringTerms. Meetings consist of Private Business (at 7 p.m.)and Public Business (at 8 p.m.) in which dissertations

by members or addresses by prominent medical men onsubjects of medical interest are given. Clinical meetingsare held periodically in the Royal Infirmary and filmshows of the latest medical films are given in the Society'sRooms. Prospective members will be welcomed on anyFriday evening in the Society's Hall before publicbusiness.Applications for further information should be addressedto the Secretary, Royal Medical Society, 7 MelbournePlace, Edinburgh, x.

GLASGOWGlasgow Postgraduate Medical EducationCommitteeThe Committee is prepared to consider applicationsfrom suitably qualified medical practitioners for post-graduate instruction in general medicine, general surgeryand the various specialities. Preference will be given tothose who are proceeding to higher qualifications.An applicant who is accepted will be attached to clinicalunits in teaching hospitals in Glasgow for a period ofthree months. Provision will be made to enable thepostgraduate student to obtain intensive clinical ex-perience by sharing in the day-to-day routine of diagnosisand treatment. Emphasis will be placed on clinicalmethods and bedside discussion.A limited number of vacancies are now available. FeeCio per month.Applicants should write to the Director of PostgraduateMedical Education, The University, Glasgow, W.i,stating age, qualifications and professional experience andenclosing two testimonials from senior clinicians with whomthey have recently been associated.

LIVERPOOLUniversity of LiverpoolThe following postgraduate courses of instruction areoffered:Surgery. A full-time course of one year suitable forcandidates who have already completed the PrimaryExamination of the F.R.C.S., or undertaken post-graduate study in anatomy and physiology. On com-pletion of the course students become eligible to takethe Mastership of Surgery (Ch.M.) of this Universityprovided they are graduates of an approved Universityor otherwise comply with the regulations. The fee forthe course is £60. The course begins in September.Orthopaedic Surgery. A full-time I2-month courseleading by examination to a Mastership in OrthopaedicSurgery (M.Ch.Orth.) open to all medical graduates ofapproved Universities (and to graduates in otherfaculties with qualifications in medicine) who hold anF.R.C.S. of one of the British colleges or its equivalent.The fee for the course is £70. The course normallybegins in January.Radiology. A full-time course of two academicyears leading to a D.M.R. (D. or T.) open to medicalgraduates of approved Universities and to medicallyqualified candidates who hold approved higher medicaldiplomas and a degree in a faculty other than medicine.The course allows a candidate to hold suitable approvedhospital appointments during the second year andcovers the regulations required by the Conjoint Board.The fee for the two-year course is £63. The coursebegins in October. The degree of M.Rad. may, afterreport by the Faculty, be conferred on holders of theD.M.R. (D. or T.) of this University under certainconditions.Public Health. A full-time one-year course leading to

536 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL October 1957the Diploma in Public Health, open to candidates witha medical qualification from an approved medical schoolor licensing body. This qualification should have beenobtained not less than two years before admission tothe course. The fees amount to /73 i3s. All courses ofinstruction begin in October.Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. A full-time three-month course leading to the Diploma in TropicalMedicine and Hygiene (D.T.M. & H.) open to candi-dates with a medical qualification from an approvedmedical school or licensing body. The course begins inSeptember and January. Fee 53 I Is.Anaesthesia. A full-time course of postgraduateinstruction, limited to ten students, begins on October Iand lasts for one year. The course combines instructionin the practical administration of anaesthetics with lec-tures and demonstrations in anatomy, physiology,pathology, physics, pharmacology, medicine and surgery,and anaesthesia. For the purpose of gaining practicalexperience, the students are found suitable appointmentsin recognized General Hospitals within the Liverpoolarea. The fee for the course is £60.Psychiatry. A part-time course begins on January Iand lasts for two years. It is divided into two partscorresponding to the two parts of the Diploma in Psy-chological Medicine awarded by the Examining Boardin England (R.C.P. Lond. and R.C.S. Eng.). Part Iprovides instruction in (a) anatomy (macroscopic andmicroscopic) and physiology of the nervous system, and(b) psychology. Part II deals with (a) clinical neurologyand neuropathology and (b) psychological medicine,including psychoneuroses, mental deficiency, childpsychiatry, forensic psychiatry and social psychiatry.Parts I and II will be held simultaneously. Studentsmay enrol for either part separately but, except inspecial circumstances, will not be permitted to takeboth parts concurrently. Applications to attend inrespect of a special subject in Part II (e.g. mentaldeficiency) will be considered individually. FeesLz2 I2s. od. per term or £70 for the whole course.Applications for further information should be addressedto the appropriate department of the University, Liver-pool, 3.

MANCHESTERUniversity of ManchesterThe following postgraduate courses are offered:D.P.M. A part-time course beginning in October andextending over eight academic terms.D.P.H. A part-time course begins in October inalternate years and extends over two academic years.The next course will begin in October 1958.D.M.R.D. A full-time course normally begins in Marchof each year. Applicants must fulfil the requirements ofthe Examining Board in England.D.M.R.T. A full-time course normally begins in Aprilof each year. It is held at the Christie Hospital and HoltRadium Institute. Applicants must fulfil the require-ments of the Examining Board in England.Dip.Bact. A full-time course beginning in October andextending over one academic year. Suitable for thosewho have qualified in medicine, veterinary medicine orother branches of science related to bacteriology. Thecourse includes general and systematic bacteriology,bacterial chemistry, serology, immunology, virology,mycology and statistics.Further particulars may be obtained from the Dean ofPostgraduate Medical Studies, The University, Man-chester I3.

NEWCASTLEThe Medical School, King's College(University of Durham)Public Health. A part-time course is held for theD.P.H. The course occupies five terms, two-and-a-halfdays each week being occupied in whole-time study,leaving the remainder of the time free for remuneratedemployment. Several suitable part-time hospital postsin the area are available to candidates attending thecourse. The course is held biennially and the nextcomplete course will begin in either October 1958 or inJanuary 1959.Psychological Medicine. Courses for the D.P.M.(Dunelm) are held as follows: Part I, part-time courseextending over three terms and beginning October.Part II, full-time course extending over two terms alsobeginning in October. Part I and Part II may be takentogether.For further information application should be made to theAssistant Registrar, Medical School, King's College,Newcastle upon Tyne.

OXFORDPostgraduate Medical StudiesSummary of ward rounds, clinics, demonstrations,etc., open to general practitioners during October1957, in the Radcliffe Infirmary, unless otherwise stated.Medicine. Ward rounds, 1o.I5 a.m., Mondays andThursdays (Dr. A. M. Cooke); Tuesdays and Fridays(Dr. P. C. Mallam); Wednesdays (Dr. E. M. Buzzard);o0 a.m. Tuesdays and 2 p.m. Fridays (Prof. Sir George

Pickering). Clinical demonstrations, 2.15 p.m., Thurs-days in full term (Prof. L. J. Witts, Dr. S. C. Truelove,Dr. J. Badenoch, Dr. Sheila Callender). Medical consilia,5 p.m., Wednesdays in alternate weeks in full term (Prof.L. J. Witts and others). Clinical pathology. Confer-ences, 5 p.m. Wednesdays, alternate weeks in full term(Dr. A. H. T. Robb-Smith and staff). Chest diseases.Clinical demonstrations, by arrangement with Dr. F.Ridehalgh, Osler Hospital. Geriatrics. Clinical de-monstrations by arrangement with Dr. L. Z. Cosin andDr. P. D. Bedford, Cowley Road Hospital. Infectiousdiseases. Clinical demonstrations, by arrangementwith Dr. J. F. Warin, Slade Hospital. Neurology,(Medical and surgical) clinical demonstrations, 5 p.m.,Thursdays in full term (Mr. J. B. Pennybacker, Dr. W.Ritchie Russell, Mr. W. S. Lewin, Dr. Honor Smith,Dr. C. W. M. Whitty, Dr. J. Spalding); O.P., I.45 p.m.,Wednesdays (Mr. J. B. Pennybacker, Mr. W. S. Lewin);2 p.m., Tuesdays and Wednesdays (Dr. Ritchie Russell,Dr. C. W. M. Whitty). Paediatrics. Ward rounds,10.30 a.m., Saturdays (Dr. Victoria Smallpiece). Psy-chiatry. Clinical demonstrations, 4 p.m., Fridays in fullterm at Wameford Hospital (Dr. R. G. McInnes). Skindiseases. O.P., 2 p.m., Mondays and Fridays (Dr.H. R. Vickers). Social medicine. Demonstrationsby arrangement with Dr. Alice Stewart, Department ofSocial Medicine, 8 Keble Road. Venereal diseases.O.P. male, 5.30 p.m. Wednesdays, 2.15 p.m. Saturdays(Dr. P. C. Mallam); O.P., female, 6 p.m. Mondays,2.30 p.m. Wednesdays (Dr. Frances Nichol). Surgery.Ward rounds, 9.30 a.m. Mondays, 10.30 a.m. Thursdays,Churchill Hospital (Mr. A. S. Till). O.P. fractures,io a.m. daily (Mr. J. C. Scott, Mr. R. G. Taylor,'Mr. J. D. Morgan). Clinical demonstrations, 4.30 p.m,Tuesdays (in full term). Orthopaedic surgery.Clinical discussions, 9 a.m. Thursdays and Saturdays atNuffield Orthopaedic Centre (Prof. J. Trueta, Mr.J. C. Scott, Mr. R. G. Taylor, Mr. E. W. Somerville,Mr. J. Agerholm, Mr. J. D. Morgan, Mr. W. Waugh).

October 1957 Postgraduate News 53-

Plastic surgery. Clinical discussions and O.P., 2 p.m.Mondays, ro a.m. Thursdays, Churchill Hospital (Mr.E. W. Peet). Radiotherapy. Ward rounds, 4 p.m.Mondays. Churchill Hospital (Dr. Frank Ellis).Obstetrics. Lecture demonstrations, 9.15 a.m. Mon-days, Tuesdays, Fridays (Prof. J. C. Moir and staff);ward rounds, 10.30 a.m. Tuesdays (Mr. W. Hawks-worth), ii a.m. Fridays (Prof. J. C. Moir). O.P. ante-natal, 2 p.m. Mondays (Mr. M. P. Embrey), o0 a.m.Wednesdays (Mr. W. Hawksworth), 2 p.m. Thursdays(Mr. J. A. Stallworthy), 2 p.m. Fridays (Prof. J. C. Moirand staff), 2 p.m. Mondays, Churchill Hospital (Mr. J. A.Stallworthy), io a.m. Fridays, Churchill Hospital (Mr.W. Hawksworth). O.P. post-natal, Io a.m. Tuesdays(Prof. J. C. Moir and staff); Infant Welfare Clinics, 2p.m. Wednesdays and Thursdays, by arrangement withDr. Mary Fisher, City Clinics. Gynaecology. Wardrounds, I a.m. Tuesdays (Prof. J. C. Moir), I0.30a.m. Wednesdays (Mr. J. A. Stallworthy).General practitioners wishing to avail themselves of thesefacilities should notify the Director of PostgraduateMedical Studies, Osler House, 43 Woodstock Road,Oxford (Telephone: Oxford 3609).

CONFERENCES, PRIZES, Etc.Queen Square Prize in Neurology. A prize of £Ioowill be awarded annually to the postgraduate student,or ex-student, of the Institute of Neurology whopresents the best written paper describing clinical workcarried out or initiated at the National Hospitals forNervous Diseases. Entries must be submitted not laterthan September 30 each year.Full particulars from the Dean, Institute of Neurology

(Queen Square), The National Hospital, Queen Square,London, W.C.I.Riker Fellowship in Pharmacology. The firstFellowship has been provided since I954, and com-mencing the next academic year two will be awardedannually. The Fellowships provide a grant of ,I,ooofor one year of postgraduate study in pharmacologicallaboratories in Great Britain. Two similar Riker Fellow-ships are available in the United States. The Fellowshipsare awarded and administered by the. InternationalCouncil of Pharmacologists in association with theBritish Pharmacological Society and other pharmaco-logical societies affiliated with the International Council.The Fellowships aim to provide opportunities forgraduates to pursue research abroad, thus one of theconditions of their award is that pharmacologists are noteligible for Fellowships tenable in their country ofresidence.Full particulars from Riker Laboratories Ltd., MorleyStreet, Loughborough, Leicestershire.Experimental Research into Problems of Ageing.Candidates are invited to submit papers descriptive ofwork in this field for awards for I958. Not less thanfive awards, of an average value of £3oo each, areavailable for 1958; the announcement of awards will bemade in July I958. Entries must be received not laterthan January i, I958, and in making awards preferencewill be given to younger workers.Papers should not be more than 7,000 words in lengthand may be in the candidate's own language.Full particulars and form of application obtainable fromthe Director, Ciba Foundation, 41 Portland Place, London,W.I.

CARCINOMA OF THE BRONCHUS(Postgraduate Medical Journal)

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INTRODUCTORY UNUSUAL MANIFESTATIONSMaurice Davidson, D.M., F.R.C.P, J. Smart, M.D., F.R.C.P.

THE INCIDENCE AND AETIOLOGY OF CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THEPRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG SPUTUM AND PLEURAL EFFUSIONC. E. Drew, M.V.O., F.R.C.S. J. L. Pinniger, D.M., M.R.C.P.MDICALASPEC THE SCOPE OF RADIOTHERAPY

J. Anders M.D. F.R.C.P. Gwen Hilton, D.M.R.E., F.F.R.J. Anderson, M.D., F.R.C.P.SURGERY OF CARCINOMA OF THE

RADIOLOGICAL ASPECTS BRONCHUSG. Simon, M.D., D.M.R.E., F.F.R. L. L. Bromley, M.Chir., F.R.C.S.

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POSTGRADUATEMEDICAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 33 NUMBER 384 OCTOBER I957

"CONTENTSPAGE

EDITORIAL 485OBSERVATIONS ON SPEECH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

C. Worster-Drought, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. 486AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN BLADDER TUMOURS

David Wallace, O.B.E., M.S., F.R.C.S. 494TESTS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION AND THEIR PLACE IN THE DIAGNOSIS

OF ADRENAL CORTICAL DISEASE Arnold Bloom, M.D., M.R.C.P. 499THE USE OF TRANQUILLIZERS A. R. May, M.B., D.P.M. 505CHIROPODY AND SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE Ernest J. Crosslev, M.l.I.Ch. (N.S.W.), L.Ch. 511UNORTHODOX METHODS IN SCAPHOID FRACTURES

G. E. Dunkerlev, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S.(Ed.) 514ANDOMETRIOSIS AS A CAUSE OF INTESTINAI, OBSTRUCTION

Patrick (;. Collins, M.('C. (N.U.I.), F.R.C.S. 519BOOKS RECEIVEI) 525BOOK REVIEWS 527POSTGRADUATE NEWS

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EDITORProf. C. G. Rob, M.C., M.CHIR., F.R.C.S.

ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARDMichael Ashby, B.M., M.R.C.P. David Levi, M.S., F.R.C.S.R. I. S. Bayliss, M.D., F.R.C.P. A. A. G. Lewis, M.D., M.R.C.P.Maurice Davidson, D.M., F.R.C.P. K. I. Nissen, F.R.C.S.Colin Edwards, M.B., M.R.C.P. G. S. W. Organe, M.D., F.F.A.R.C.S.F. Dudley Hart, M.D., F.R.C.P. R. J. V. Pulvertaft, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P.L. P. Le Quesne, D.M., F.R.C.S. R. Bodley Scott, D.M., F.R.C.P.

W. Somerville, M.D., F.R.C.P.

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Editorial Representative for Ceylon: M. M. A. Cader, M.S.(Lond.)Editorial Representative for South Africa: Arthur J. Helfet, M.D., F.R.C.S.

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