'"

tht' pW. in 1hM II tomIacmonu:. kIM. anoJ 10 "'" fi.II~. WI IhM it okflllC5 111M fi:tI""'.~ 'hI. b

x Moumoirog Rr"",,;,,, >43

TroJrHI II ....... " 'IIS Ibc- tJurd tflI~ In. triloFY ~hltJ ",,',Ib ~ Ttlljllll W:or, "'~ by lhe: (lrn:u :ap'~l 11K TfUJ;m~ .fter Ih~ TfUJ'l" pone.. !'":ar, bIId taL"' lick" rl"OOliK-f ~ Km, M$ :IOPIJI1:I Ihc mI/IIl ' 1I1(MU/ll t"oTllb' In Gm:.l ",)",holotlY .. nd tho! lqIOC of nlMy '"!CIt 0R:d: ,"110. /110M 1In\t"JltfJy llooltT'. IIW and ~'~'. In Troj .... u-~, E..,pIda folio""" ,hi: ("'rs of the: """",n IlfT""".1kr Ihrn CIt}' Iwi b.,ai At~cd and lhrrr bll>bando. hll\~ b:n ~dltd. In 11"..-.. o{o.. ... ,

~ ~ tile Irtioo 10 tlIc til)' (t(Owu 11\ lUlk1eaMl1..:rot\l1)' YONbIo-bnU. ro- II) 1M """-'tIl.hon "("'bl i~ ....... , boo ....... ~ N'pl~. In. __ .... Uk- plly'. ,mc:m~ in lilt 2006 publK'lllion, he clllC"idlNcs hi~ dlxlJlon.., d,..... .... T""J!i (6). L,~r T.oy. O.II did noll .um."""'" etiily .... W, \I .. v K"'Im )c ... bo:("", .J,e C"ify _ ... ...eked. The ("e orthc J'C'OPIc of o.." .. ,he ~ ,,( w .. fdluw \ ' urub,o l!bo ~k.-d Ih:d I)(!he TnljMi 101 IIoe Io:wl. o f \hi:

~ . Ix m.k popul ... on ,,'M ~ulhl~rcd IlId 1M .. ooono "''n'C urril ."'11}, 11110 sJr,~

LIlt EIlfipKb. o.ur_ ~ the phPl of WOOIC.'II Itt lIIuaoonli of ..... n.." CU'o~ of1l'lc ,,,,,,,"'ime: b'!he Lon,j.;,n prorM:llon 6e>eIibcs I,*"","", ujo..'11 II. -Wt Df ... ~ 1.'1 lix $fIOI1s of W2I.M and 1he 1>o,~'1 /'I-OII.'lI spelk oflhc '"1Il~blc 111W11M.Jn of",,"Vmm' like I:lIfTJ!ldC"s:' " 'omm of Troy, 11M: wornm lIr 0.." /x,,,,,.,1 lhe- dr.l~ or Ihc:!. city. 1M dcatm or Ibnr hu>tNlnik and ~ros. 100 IlItrr f"le " ~11\'t$ ad COOt"ubi~ 10 1ht \'IIC"IOr"ious ll1X1pt They mnum _ Yub~ ... Qmt"ft 1nrd.liorull)' moum, Ihn. h,,,. a.llhrln IlId .heit b.re ~Idtrs .... "N -gc-y with Mho;s.' Tllerr la!n.mlauon;; are

QuoIIod iaGOlr.:L - r .miOooof ... " . .-".,0.. ... - 1)2, n .... ~ ' 1>eM:,,1oc:II1r)o ~ .. 110 w" lIwc PII"'_no( ,,_" .... 0' .... 1re 0 .. ,

II""", '" ''-'"

,.,

nprnioal pil rlly III lite lUI. .,...11)' IfInNp " oro!. ~~ tho: lrVI>enpl_ of ... 'hld! An! rnclum\;lUQll 10 I pcrl'~~ of mourn'llI:- COII, "t'}'in@, ... moun,", !hal IIOItlllll ctn I{I-

fX:"~. !MIt 0:\ .:.1 Iho: I\'p"I"ion of .... ""'" win!. nulhll'I ~ It. , )II .... ........... If'" S/I( obj;(f'o'\'ti INt lilt -:'''''lIClcmuc w llIOUlnllll '"01(',,- Cl rejrwl; n"rdY

~11y mrNml unllanJ .. hom CHm ....... a1~' ll l\ol1TU111'ly dctinnl. II pol,. ueal ~. She n:fCfll to JC:fIII- f':1uJ s-u.:'. dpWl(lf'l uf Troj

.. ,

ten ""tr)'tlIJIlf: "II)' ~' , 1Itn:. ~.htn' ill' roIlIC'S fltllll" (zul Pcrfonnlllil Ant'lflnc ~ ~ "11)' Io,l rcmcmM.- ,be ""'I ...... thu. 11lY&n'. fulun: bt-. )'()fI,j \hi: ~ .... all,; of apantlelll This ' 1\.,. ' 1O'A '.rd~ lilt ~ IkIII(I!I-

~In\q the pow ... uf ..bptaI1l>n Pm.""" ~ ph",."' ), IIf conk),1.\ In " 'hIm Anllgllf1e hti ~ro..d .illll:-a1~~ d in iu;."lf. mlltllfcsullon .,(1In-\'llIlC'ptc'd f'\It.ibIe IUI_ AI the ",me 11mC', '/')(0 ,.Iand",.nd r""-"I em-~ on "'n"JlII"'" ,C\'oIuIIOI'llf)' """"nt .llO), ~ ,.)gd","" "'~ ...... 1Ilhot >Ikm'I~' ..-_ """,hie 10 ~ I.II\IIblc 10 1I1W''f. ~ 10 mo\"(' on. In ,he ClIl'1' ''''.' .. r a{Unh,,1d Sow .. A("". and {.-)l:oiunlal Niacna . .. ", llIch WI l'QIIy Wen' nt\'tr ,bit 10 bul)' lind moum w:ir Io\~ OJO. AnugotlC". "n1ll1 .... "'''''''"'' ",,"unll r .. , ,,,," nJII. 10 .... ,..,., m~)' ",",'r f"O'lfIW'l rdn",,,,,,,. II", A/ncan refilPJf1luou shart ItIOI'l' ",lib Anugc.e Ihan IIIc nnbodlll'lClll of (ntiqo.le or ~p~WI(:",: they. lOI), embody tile cOS( of ebll&e ,.

1 1111: ...... J"" .... " ... la1 lIIe pm.le nea! 10 ,nuurn and I publIC' dcnWld kl fOfcc. new rvn..: aM romes 10 tile 1OfI:.!hI: ,.!CIktlI oord,lsion o(So)'iI\b's 111.- 1Inrr1oi. ... uf F.>It1piJr.. " C __ ....... JI" .. Ag",~ ..... d tho , ..... in Ih&: brulll ~ of "1lIg Pcmhrul.. .. ho IS flO! only. t)'l'aIlt buI.oo lin' ~.,n. A~ In till: t:"'~n pre ... \" Ap'"c romm'~ Iw:r "'" .............. '1~1). under o,OIlY.III ' it'dL D.on)"iUi 00InIJ\1U , Iokntt not only .;'KI POll~ bill ~bo '111ftS1 ApI'c IltT IQIk r.1e IS Lilm """uil""" ..... rn.I~~ ~ T., ....... r .... ~. Ihb",,!' ....,J\/, .... ,,~ 14Itr1rlqlrr. J:dinbIqIo U' . :IUO.lI. 17fI, ~A"" .. ~,., A..,.- do..:,.;oN in 11K IR"iou< ~""",,". "-10) ...... ~';Ioo dnm ..,.,. ... pOIIl .... T." ,,,, ....,rlO. ~ .. rmw ................. hctha ... pxlchln' --s ._ ....

~ f!\n ... 1C:I of ,"..,_ "' .. ........., 0( 1--. 1I:~11rroId doe ,.,..

,,' TIl( I'O~ I'IC$ Of 4 0","""no,. X

~lIlhtllt' ~ rin,gl !,kMm I~ JUbhmllcd .,; IIlt'taplI)'SI(1IJ ruoIuIiun IllId "",,,hnl """,lull",,_

Th. rn~11tOC ~J(' IeaW5 hllk coruidi:nl_ rOf tIIe",,11I of API,\" .. ho has I"", hI I~ 1IUf'rO'"'Il Iq '"1""'."1.-" Apw II lIOII an ... or c~ bul mn~1y III UI.IJltlnrnl. 1M mcuph) ... CIlJ !GU1i1)''' " Ilk' SO)'1I'IU ll'lro:ludn profl and ~ ,",,,, hide _ fur Aga,'c '!! pain. loco mano,y. her muum"'lI. She I"I)\O~H AIlIIft m\O " IudI * ~t'klr,,'i l l ~wbublc 10 R'l fOIM.

n.., ~ "f AI"''''' ' .... fl.onnllll'l s.-.y,nb". hrb ""'IP 10 tho: run: tbe IC'MI: n:",ion bm.-n l"C'\ oIl11ion and moumlll&. S.m,j;u- 10 ~ "r n:a.wonh"' ...... ...... ...t.n",., n~l1al.' ,"" >Xf,Ii~ nf m"""" """""ISd. Ii" tbe JlIkt of tho: ro,lImllllal JPOd.. I dixuw:d how, (01 R.a)'rtlOnd W,!llIum, till' 5tnIule ofl\1c:!1 apiAA othc1l!1c:!1 l-.d lo:t l'III: odd "''OllIe!'! ho:tc) ra~ 1lI:m gods III ml.'tt . blllU!JOfti _I.e.; .."oIU1_ LnIlIC.. W,I"3IM t'tIlphaio/t!! th;u m.gk ~ is MIl c ... snl by "'. lind "",'OluIlOil bo.II by the wtd~'1tII dif-u"s....- IIllII ... ~ ctlru .... """y ""cn:ort lie dais not QIJ"'"11n tho.- 1'I/It.'t!I';I)' (I( ""'l'luUQI\, 1M he' doC'!i ~pc' .. k ouI IgI l1IM ilkas of ",~\'oh"iOMfJ roman-

11d~m. - ",-lIkh Jlq .. 1 .... n~ .. I'IloiIookloIQI Kn.olW(t .... A .... .o..k A~ taI_1" ,67 61-

" W,14Iono;...u....w.. T~. 10:1 1Q5

149

1Icc:uba .... hD fipra plOllllllClltly in T"'f- 11'""""" (ud fOf VrlIIon! Eunpidts n 'm " 'mR a ~IC: "'.q"uy), I~ .. ~ ... """'''';nl m.aNIC~ tUI !ell

'\~\"C'J~" tIIk. As ttk- MbpUIlOCU d,~ m-eal. ~ cmphllil$UII po"uo:al dI""Ic mo-q 01 d ll'rICulL NJ heAr I"" mourn,,,, ~ooa:.

Memory and promise TIoe quc:!l.ion 11m Ir)'iItIIO r.i!il: is " 'loe1hcr the clnI,~ri~ 011 """itiell dWJc~ III ~unlat1po1""'Y AftlQll ..d;t{IWIOM urCi,n'" Iroljtl.-.J) abu , .... ,,0.3 .. ~th tu!il. Indd. thcu p!\I(" ......... ~ of m;i~ lind ~n~ !"or mllfulJOll aft in dancer ", .. dcpt,ns

Ifw ....... ..,. . ..... 'lnWibaa .. hraqtol lei IN Gucg;o;.ad ",OdOCM dIOII I'O.Inot .. . ~ .. u(~. III( 1 ..... _ (1ft ,,,,Ian Mol ......... "'" _ ,. ,""p III"' ..... _Idic IXC,,",_ 01''' ~ ;"11 ... :n' .. all _I~ .,frC,i .... I t _~ .",,"K, ~ ...... IJ laid " ,;df' ... "'" 'lbli, .... ~ ..... JUI"r __ 0( , ....... ialllc""" .. OIb... ... "'" poiIII .... -eII .... IIIc """"'" -' Iht Iwlln.1 .1 0. tloc (JIbe< 1",,,4. promi!aO (lf~ ... 1\hooII Irl\c.:I1'c "lib", _IIK'I)' 11'1)' :tlw! Icad .. Iht J ..... rX\O~ .,-ooIaII ..... , .. cbonoed 10 k _. '''Y on IIw ."1)' lO .. mI ..... .abIc. 1'11 MJWtL"

.,.

The lCmion Frit!lC:b ollllO:on bc1vocm mctlKlf)' mel promise' iJ: !Ix thmIC' of tb: '",0 SolIIlh Ar".an 1'I. .... urt< ... gI! Dr 1110: lJre,'Jrig UlIIIl11111d III Iho: pn. ... 1IJIIj

dlupl~. ThrJc pl~y, drnnoutIC !lie lmI,ht l/lul moum~ it IX!C ill conftin 'I

,.,

('IIUk n OOfUins ~ posaibiltty of \I'nullS IhMe IoiI htJIOO6. ,....., ~ WI,J ...... 1l IhI: tnd,OOII\lIJ btrIar,. ~Iiun b..""fCQ tu.uwy u ~Iin" ... Tiflel!. aro6 5UpC1ior.1lIIil mcnlOlY. fcmimno:, oml. IIIld infmol'. In 1br \\ ~tm 1I" ..... ,oon.. S~ ~ cllpl;ull:l., Ilu~ dl>llMloOn can be' lfIM:n:I ,*k 10 PWO ... 'ho ddi~ IIl(fIlCIr)' au f

'55

~r ~ b~\'( ~ ,.nr~ For IhU ~a,;on. Al\cDe W s .. ,~ . ~h~ m ant""" rolHlnl I"""atn, ...... "" , ... tmv,ncml ........-' ,Iw .OU1:h ~ 11 '_ i~ ... bouI the .... WC5 of Il omcoc: Ilo:rocs. M .. I~ "1IlC' """let of .... rpoc "'",,1., J th:1I JI"" Ilorccllon 10 "'" pby . ..)<

Tll1ouj!h !hell I:ulw:nunll of rllb .;ilks. hu ....... and lOOt.. Ihc: TfOJlIIl '"'om", ""'Y help 110 "'Tile the hNI.Iry of the: """'f',docd. .. hole OIMr h,SIQrlC., ,..:Iud..,. the .. 0\11.',," fnl;Om un..-.nllCa. Ali I di...: .... ...-d '" IlIt J:ft'o""" ch:irl"". ~~ ~Ill'lllnr ~ro I ' Ole hunnp or 1M Sooth Arrio:aft T,..1h "'" RC'COftC"Ih:d ... CUlnm"~oon. III '"'tum m;ll' .. """'" "'.h(oed about ,"" ... r. fc.'fll'll! of Ihrn Ioo.'t!d ones.. onI)' indlR'

156 TH[PO~mU()f" A D"""T""ION X.

Till;' wonv:n &ellk Ihat Ibcy .... ouId .. htf mel up in AIhc1IJ \lIu.sp.r1a. For ... 1""" .... 'i""'wun

,58 TH[ POlnl'~ Of A DAPTATION X

OIo:WIl(l(IIlI(I~ ('Ul\ly IiM;(o of 111....-) ~ OI.. n ...... -Vanobo 'CIrilI' """'~ .. enu.: ...... - :sa:): .... ji'"- " ' ''''"' r_ .,. ... ....., lIM: VOI\6oo s.,.u.'R8 ~"'''',p:nI..- l41

x Moumoirog Rr"",,;,,,

,'ktu. of "'111'. JlIlluJ~ ~tllVltli I (('Idnoo. of ~ bo\rry alId "'"rf..,.~ "rlt,~ ..,cett,)'. I ..... ~"!< be ....... Ito,.' 'hi~ lat..." ,.-hodl l:"'lu _,den the Io\pt 0( "111'. it ~ ... ~ 10 ... W\h the ("lid of 1hr: p"'y. the loci An-tu;buo "U""',,,," [",II, ehronlJ; - You 00",,,., my rat,," uxbyl l 'Io'hrn ) .... gnllomot'_IlM ~m my ~M 177). ~ \be /\Inml mUll Admlpn .. , 11 ~ mullIN .. 1lII1ti!; ano:rslUQ

In Tn ljton H"....",. ,,'hm A.t}~ (1M cit,1d of 1M Tm.J'lll Jl"1IOt IItdolI llId Andnlmlll:he l'~ ",lIN by the: Cifttb. ()II

,60

bo)" IIlId tlI('I\ lam:- bdllflIl "J'ho:, rr~ 10 ..... U\S IQ ~ Ihi~ liac aIkIs "'elP' 10 ,he h:llul'h'f' Since lhe "...,.. ~ , .. 1..,. '" "1''"1 dlllJM. .. 100 bruIi ronUIII: I(l till: rUllI)'. Ib:u dc.lh ronllllSlJ $Urldy "Ith !he prorrutoe of 11w;'1rbtrtk:'"

For llIe .... OO\ttI 1>(0....\1., JOOI" IlOl OIly. 101m of clPlC ._INI aliO Iw K'lr.c J:'I!Imt",l.l1Icy ~'"' to ~pm """'f\" flQlflliw _n .'110 ha_"e 11"," tl1an. ThIS ~u) clor.., 011 1M (uUmolflll C'JIdlOItI~ bdwcm Ib: dlOf\1> of 'IlCS Ihe d,lT~ bd .. l"ftl O_L ,..,If and Troju OIlier Com("1ilnlbly. in 0i0(1WI F.mu IMISIS on the dilTm:nccs bi:-""'\"I:tI 1 )"II!IIoy~ _I l ....... ......-n nro..u. Th~ i~ coo:poall)' dear In 1hc !O:CI\

,"

ran-Y orutNa ilknllly ,",'Ii "';cly the fnlllt of Bnlllib colonial~ ... hid! otpn171:d , '~ CIdm,"i~InII"'n ,II a "7f 11u, .h:lJ'C'd dlmk aommllnnics ~~ ... e ll ali Mmo.ks of dIIn~ polmcal nM)bili_ and Gfpnillllion,"'fI 1'111: ,nloll~ of. ""Hint YI/nIb;I pwpl~. Chri~1OphoT Wlllmnan ,,~pbln . hI~ bcocQn1C ,~~ illl'> W1lllt1- nlOlldy ~ "tIr "ia;nllil:llllC' 0( bclooGIIl' til I bq;tt cul-, ... colluri""y .... I:ot-n ~aWy~ by ~"",_I ~~Cl!I illlnJdutnl '''-'IIk ''loW ~ nI\l"I1UtlUOQl pulUJnl iUloJ _'" III:n.wU.~

y,1w:n 1)'UI\loy.: r .... 11) doc$ j;CI the: c;haoce 10 k:1l tin" own story. s.he u-rWn~ bet pmJon.- 10 hct~.

~1M:n tho 0.. ... r...- .nx~~ ... Ihtlm. y .... ,,'CfC """ ........d. mncmIor(t

1heft .... 110 0 I c ...... tali "'f'OII1iJr 1IriIo' y"" ....... ""'c ........ ",hIoI "'" ......... dIlI ....... VIIOI.,,_ w.,Idoa,-.dl' n"" "",~c 10 th. ,"ulnm.t"h,y tA ....... 'm lOrd .. r ~ dwirlf: .... aid (I~'i l ronRi. l)onlo)~, ~Ii_ IIIm mimi on ~n.:. is III"'" .t,ff"""" from It!c ... om,," .. ro..u:on .. fTL'n ... . "", IkL l1w CI,.,f"",. Ullion 1x:nro'CC'ft lyunlo)~ IlId Erriu indiCiICi .hIt 1M .. -omen of 0..'\1 arc noc the only "iCllm

.63

f~ina; 011 Iy\lnlo)~'. iuffcnrq:. 0501i~ , 1,;0 _tplu.IIes ~ ....,...,. "hlCh rcbtC$ 1If',lially In the pIlhllQ o r odtpl;>,..,.._ I Ie d,,,Ik:Jo1P'fo Ildl:n ' i IfIOi.,JOQJ ~UI!lon ~!he I'0OI of~ .. radu:r IbarlIU \10:1;111. TInII, h~ qlalouns lhe COO\alIIQn:d Wc::>'lullalirultwfmlly. CtalIIljI ~ c:vJ-unl Kkntlt)' ba~ on ' ''islo:\1 "o;o.JOII of tk past JIld bc:1K'II du:abw., rllturr dI~ fur Ckltr"""rl. puI,tical c:h;u,St ckpencb , .. 1M ~Im" "rI,,~. tar)' . ..., apptI.)lIeh 1h:a1 he dwamm:ct IU "'p(tii,Ncgr~uok" WI "pal. ""I:u.oo of bQlh "vnul1UatJon and cllSIlIfItIOn ... lth N~1I1Kk Foe 0tI0fi~1II1. "potI-NClJnllllk" doc. ooc aJhcn: 10 N~rlllldo:: '~ "",tl l'IIl m)~ulkaoon ofd'ol: AIn call put.- b.,n i1 don IlOI rq('("l I~ 1I'1l . .:lIhn Ibt/K'r. n danaruh

m lM:ttl .,nlh"k I "'" ru_ ... u( .... hct, _h ......... ...,.. JIIM_ ,,',II n(IO JI'M ~ (lUI ,.1""., .... ""'II!, _,0Ip' __ "'" tadI .... a 11) ..... '" ,......... ",lind. ...:I -....." C"'ftIO wlf..roIttnIdKUIIlI- TIIUIi k iu ~ or,,,,, ""1lI .. 1Ido .... *

'J Kalhk'tIIl.. 1(_, 1f ... " I .. r" "'/I~'" !f~ ,,.. !fm~:lIjaj_ (U,. ....... c ...... U .c lHiDDio.P. 21)Q3" " [V1_ 1_ ... _ .. _ ... ~ -' ....... toe< ..... "" Ihc d~oc. "'" ~ dIiId. buI ...... , "" Ih< pullli ........ - .. dUll IIJIlmtlrI)"'Ik fcomIl" ~ ~ RIr .. hili .. __ Ie ~ .. 1lIr~" "\lOw,-Bill 1IhIo ...... JuIo,mo IIJ'I>

'os

pmlD ~11I1eS W I the ~ Ii) Im"II.'IIIM pllSl vlOImc:c ~ 1M promi!il: of fUl~ clwl&1iH'k'd h,"1OnC:1lI ~ and uIT:lopOII,ibobl)' 0( w Chlu commwl1ly IIR' rr:fkacd in d1~ir n:ndiuon of lho: ~I\iIOI1Qlly. ,1,,,1'11". indtcd.hn-c .. ,he: ,bot oflll&l ()o,o,'LI .. w . One 0( the \lUlIII reti(IIli Yonoba I.;~ r ..... (;hI; lilllUlSl cam uk" 1""'''''''''"' .... r;cll~, ,bl'e:J'" 1he (lnh~h.o.! TIic .. .,.,..., .... ,.., taL""" ClIn' 10 omi, INm IAcir l.mo:"tl.1room rlr..o~ cOrl\llheity in thc ~Luc rr.k.

" GItnd.. ""1'c.,;OM>f_,If ....... "'O" .. -... ""1-.... O,oi\tMIIf_

."

Cf1I NI~tulII \InunII by p.xu1I)1lI1l ""_ H Iwbin~ of loOtllll ' IX