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FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 1
2015
The Physical Demands of Sports:
The physical demands of sports determine which fitness components should be targeted in training. Energy requirements of sports guide coaching decisions about the types and proportions of training activities that will best prepare athletes for the competition.
Once you identify which fitness components are most important, you have a foundation upon which you can build a fitness training program. The program can then be revised to accommodate the more specific requirements of positions, as well as the individual needs of particular athletes.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 2
2015
What are the Demands of your Sport?One approach to designing a fitness training program is to rate the fitness components by importance in sport competition and prioritize them accordingly. Ratings can be low, moderate, or high, or combinations of lowmoderate or moderatehigh. A ranking system from 1 (low) to high (5) is also a simple yet effective way to prioritize.
Those components that you rate as high (5) and moderatehigh (4) are ones to emphasize, so select training activities that will target them the most.
A few words of wisdom about determining the physical demands of sports: *Don't get overburdened with classifications. This is just an estimate.
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FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 3
2015
Aerobic and Anaerobic (energy requirements): Does the sport require continuous, sustained activity, short bursts of intense activity, or a combination of both?
Distance running is high aerobic, low to moderate anaerobic. Javelin throwing is high anaerobic, low aerobic. Soccer is high for both. Archery is low for both. This concerns how intense activities are, how long they last, and how much recovery time is needed in between bouts of activity. Developing a training program that matches the energy requirements of your sport addresses the physiological and metabolic demands associated with the Specificity Principle.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 4
2015
Strength: To what extent is exerting maximum resistance important?
Strength is high for Olympic lifters, but low for marathon runners. Basketball requires moderate strength levels. Be clear about the type of strength (isometric, concentric, esscentric) and how much of is needed in your sport, which muscle groups should be emphasized. Decide how it is combined with other components (e.g., strengthendurance) when determining the physical demands of sports as strength will be an asset in virtually any sport you can imaging.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 5
2015
Speed: To what extent are speed, quick reactions, and rapid movements physical demands of sports?
Sprints and tennis require high speed of movement, whereas speed is of low importance for bowling.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 6
2015
Power: To what extent are power (speed and strength together), acceleration, and explosiveness important?
Softball pitching and hitting require high power development. A goalie in ice hockey needs low to moderate power. Match your training program with how frequently power required, how long powerrelated activities last, and how much recovery time.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 7
2015
Agility: To what extent is moving quickly while changing directions important?
Agility is of high importance in badminton and basketball, but of low importance in golf.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 8
2015
Muscular Endurance: To what extent is repeating submaximal muscle contractions for long periods of time important?
Endurance requirements are high for long distance rowing events and cross country skiing, but low to moderate for ski jumping. Consider how strength and/or speed are combined with muscular endurance.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 9
2015
Flexibility: To what extent is moving through long ranges of motion at joints important?
Flexibility is of high importance for gymnastics and diving, but low for downhill skiing. Focus on the joints that require the greatest flexibility in competition and how increasing the range of motion at specific joints can improve sport performance.
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 10
2015
1. Choose a sport and a postion within that sport. This is important to be specific as the demands of positions and roles within any given sport can be very different.
EXPECTATIONSPitch once every 5 daysPitch 9 inningsAverage game time 2:45 minutes15 pitches per inningAverage half inning :07 minutesWill throw ~100 pitches/start
2. Find an image of an athlete playing that sport.
3. List the primary skills (responsibilities) that an athlete playing this position must be able to do to competently play the position at a high level.
4. Using the checklist on the following page complete the "Demands of the Sport" by ranking each component from 5 (high) to 1 (low). Think about the "responsibilities" you listed above. Along with each ranking explain (2 points) briefly what the athlete must do within the confines of the sport that relate to this component.
EXPECTATIONSPitch as required (26 times per week)
Pitch 1 inningAverage game time 7 minutes
15 pitches per inning
STARTER
CLOSER
FITNESS Demands of a Sport
Cobourg Collegiate Institute 11
2015
SAMPLEbaseball pitcherOverall Physical Demands of _______________
Aerobic Energy:
Anaerobic Energy:
Strength:
Speed:
Power:
Agility:
Endurance:
Flexibility:
• no continous effort needed• heart rate does not approach maximum• may need to be in game for 3 + hours• maximal effort on every pitch• full body activity• each pitch tales approx 12 seconds
• helps prevent injury• ball weighs 5.25 ounces
• maximal effort on every pitch• explosive full body activity used to generate pitch velocity• each pitch tales approx 12 seconds power applied quickly• not needed for pitching• linear motion in 1 direction• will be useful for fielding but secondary • muscular endurance essential for starting pitcher• may repeat maximal effort over 100 times
• not essential in pitching motion• can be a useful scondary skill for fielding
• needed for maximal generation of power (rotational torque)• increased range of motion = increased speed of pitch• helps to prevent injury