The Philippine-American The Philippine-American WarWar

Mr. BachHudson High School

Accelerated U.S. History

The All-Important China TradeThe All-Important China Trade

John Hay - Open-Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion - 1900

The “New” White Man’s BurdenThe “New” White Man’s Burden

American Missionaries American Missionaries in Chinain China

19051905

Filipino Independence?Filipino Independence?

Philippines purchased from Spain for $20 million as part of Treaty of Paris

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft

First Governor-General of the PhilippinesFirst Governor-General of the Philippines

A New Emperor?A New Emperor?

The Philippine-American WarThe Philippine-American War1899 - 19021899 - 1902

• U.S. refuses to recognize Filipino independence.

• War Estimates– Filipino Forces = 100,000

men– U.S. Forces = 74,000 men

• Filipino Goal– Inflict constant casualties

on U.S. troops– U.S. people elect anti-

Imperialist William Jennings Bryan over Imperialist William McKinley in 1900.

The Oregon Volunteer The Oregon Volunteer Infantry in 1899Infantry in 1899

Guerrilla War Phase 1900-Guerrilla War Phase 1900-19021902

• Low on ammunition, Aguinaldo abandons conventional warfare.

• American tactics– Take no prisoners– Burning villages– Concentration Camps

Filipino dead in Filipino dead in their trenchtheir trench

The Water CureThe Water Cure

A picture of a “water detail,” reportedly A picture of a “water detail,” reportedly taken in May, 1901, in Sual, the Philippines. taken in May, 1901, in Sual, the Philippines. “It is a terrible torture,” one soldier wrote.“It is a terrible torture,” one soldier wrote.

The Anti-War ProtestorsThe Anti-War ProtestorsIn 1899, the Anti-Imperialist League is

Founded.

Members include William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, and Members include William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, and Andrew Carnegie.Andrew Carnegie.

Aguinaldo is CapturedAguinaldo is Captured

April 1, 1901 – Aguinaldo swears an oath of loyalty to the United States.

““Let the stream of blood cease to flow; Let the stream of blood cease to flow; let there be an end to tears and let there be an end to tears and

desolation.”desolation.”

Fighting continues until Filipino General Miguel Malvar for one more year.

Fighting an InsurgencyFighting an Insurgency1902 - 19131902 - 1913

Moro Indians (Muslim Filipinos) continue to fight for approximately 10 more years

American generals use Muslim religious beliefs to their advantage

A Filipino Bolo A Filipino Bolo KnifeKnife

A Gun with More Stopping A Gun with More Stopping PowerPower

John M. Browning’s Masterpiece - .John M. Browning’s Masterpiece - .45 caliber m1911 Semi-Automatic45 caliber m1911 Semi-Automatic

The sidearm of WWI, WWII, The sidearm of WWI, WWII, Korea, and VietnamKorea, and Vietnam

Legacy of the Philippine-Legacy of the Philippine-American WarAmerican War

• Deaths– U.S. = 4,326 soldiers (mostly from

disease)– Filipinos(?) = 34,000 soldiers; 200,000

civilians– Moro Indians (?) = 10,000 to 20,000 men

• Philippines will remain an important naval base for U.S. through World War II

• Philippines will gain independence on July 4, 1946.

Iraq War DebateIraq War Debate

• Question: Is the U.S. following a policy of American imperialism in Iraq today?– Decide on a group– List your arguments

• Remember – the better the evidence, the better the argument

Policy ConstructionPolicy Construction

What should be the What should be the U.S. policy regarding U.S. policy regarding the use of torture in the use of torture in the War on Terror?the War on Terror?