LESSONS I AND 2

Directions

The Person

1. Determine how the Latin or Greek root is related in meaning and

spetling to each defrned-KEY-word that follows it'2. i.ur., ãh. pron,rnciation and definition(s) of each KEYword, and

notice how the words are used in sentences'g. Practice using the varied forms of KEYwords'4. Build your knowledge with all the information given: Latin mottoes,

Famidar Words, Challenge Words, and Nota Bene references.

5. Complete the exercises.

LESSON IHurnani nihil a me alimumþuto.Nothing human is alien to me.-TERENcE

HUMANUS <1. "humon being"

1. humane (hy-oo mân')ad,j.Havttgtúe worthy qualities of human beings, such as kindness or

compassion.

3

anthropologyautocratautomatonautonomyautopsy

KeyWordsegoismfeminismfeminist

humanehumanismhumanitiesmisanthropevirile

gynecologyhomicide

4 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

Challenge Wordhumanoid

Challenge Wordsanthropoidanthropomorphicphilanthropy

The lnternotionol Lobor Orgonizolion helps to ensure humone conditionsin the workploce.

humaneness, n.

Antonym: inhumane

2. humanism (hym'me niz em)n. A philosophy in which interests and values of human beings are ofprimary importance.

The development of humqnism in the sixteenth century chonged thefocus of English educotion from theologicol speculoíion to humonochievements.

humanist, n.; humanistic, adj.

3. humanities (hym mán'e têz)n. Branches of knowledge concerned withhuman beings and their culture:philosophy, literature, and the fine arts, asdistinguished from the sciences.

Although most of her college courses were inthe humonities, she did groduote work inelectricol engineering.

ANTHROPOS <G. "humon being," "men"4. antlrropology (án'thre pöl/ e jë) ltogos <G. *word," .speech,,'

"thought"]n'The scientifìc study of the origins, cultural development, andcustoms of human beings.

Frogments of o humon skelefon found in on lron Age cove led toimportont discoveries in onthropology.

antlrropolo g¡cal, adj.; anthropologist, n.

5. misanthrope (mis'en thrõp') lmisein <G,"to hate"]n. A person who hates all people.

ln Chorles Dickens's Greot Expectotions MissHovishom becomes o bitter misonthrope ofterbeing jilted on her wedding doy.

misanthropic, adj.; misanthropy, n.

5LESSONS I AND 2: THE PERSON

Challenge Wordsad hominemFlomo sapiens

Challenge Wordsandrogynousmisogyny

HOMI-, HOMIN- <1. "humon being"

6. homicide (höm'e sid) loccidere <L' "to kill"ln. T]he killing of one person by another; a person who kills another.

ln Arsenic ond Old loce two elderly sisters commit homicide by putting

orsenic in elderberry wine.

honícidal, adj.

NOTA BENE: The Latin stems homi-, homin-, meaning "human being"'

and the Greek word homos, meaning "same," look alike but have

different meanings. The Greek homos gives us homocentric, homoge

neou,s, homogenize,-homonym, homonymou's, and more than fifteen

other words applFng chiefly to biology and language'

VIR <1. "morì"

7. virile (vir/ il)ad,j. H,aung certain characteristics traditionally associated with mas-

.rrlitrity, especially physical strength, vitality, and assertiveness'

The moin chorocters of Ernest Hemingwoy's novels ore often virile men

who risk donger in wor or sPort.

virility, n.

GYNE <G. "womon"

8. gynecology (gl' ne köt'e je) llogos <G'

'\,{ord, " "speech, " "thought"]n. The branch of medicine dealing withdisorders and treatment of the reproductivesystem in women.

Gynecology is o promising field for medicol

stúdents *ho oru especiolly interested in

women's heolth.

gynecological, adj.

FEMINA <1. "womon"

9. feminism (fëm'e niz'em)n. The belief that women should possess the same political and eco-

nomic rights as men'

6 VOCABUTARY TROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

Challenge Wordsautismautogiro

The union president's feminism led h¡m to demond equol poy forwomen who perform the some iobs os men.

fentnistíc, ad,j.

10. feminist (fëm/ ï nist)n. A supporter of women's claims to the same rights and treatmentas men.

Feminisfs orgued thot the Equol Rights Amendment should be odded tothe U.S. Constitution

AUTOS <G. "self"

ll. autocrat (ô'te krät') fkratia <G. ,,power',1

n.7. Aruler who has absolute or unlimited power; a despot.

Elizobeth ll connot become on outrocrot like her oncestor Elizobeth I

becouse fodoy the monorch's power is limited by porlioment.

2.My arrogant, dominating person.

As,compony director she become on oulrocrot, moking oll decisionswithout toking odvice.

autocratic, ad,j.; autocracy, n.

12. automaton (ô töm/e ten, ô töm/e tön,) l-matos <G."thinking," "acting"Jra. A person who behaves in a mechanical, routine manner; a robot.Her iob on the ossembly line coused her to feel like on quiomoton.

13. autonomy (ô tön'e me) lnornos <G. ,,law"]

n.T}re condition of being selÊgoverning; independence.

Kenyons forls^hf for qulonomy from British rule, ond Kenyo become orepublic in 1964.

autonomous, ød7.

14. lúop"y (ô/tö,p se ô'tep sê) lopsls <G. ,,sight.', Autopsy thusliterally means "to see for oneself."]n. The examination of a corpse to determine the cause of death.

An outopsy of the mummy reveoled thot the phorooh hod died of leodpoisoning.

autopsic, ad,j.; autopsical, adj.; autopsis, n.

7TESSONS I AND 2:THE PERSON

Challenge Wordsegocentricegotistical

EXERCISE I A

EGO <L. "1"

15. egoism (.'gö \z' em)nl Conceit; valuing everything accordingto one's personal interest; excessive

confidente in the rightness of one's own

opinion. (In ethics, egoism T tlt belief int.lf-loue as a proper motive for humanconduct; in psychology, ego means "the

self," the puit of the mind concerned withthe outside world.) Egotism can mean"boastfulness" and/or "selflshness' "

Cleopotro's egoism moy hove resulted from

her power, obilitY, ond chorm.

egoist, n.; egoistical, adj.

circle the letter of the best ANTON\I\4 (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type) '

1. a demonstration of egoism a. selÊinterest b. selÊimprovement

c. religious fervor d. selflessness e' virilityZ. the atîitude of a misanthrope a. person who loves all people

.

b. person who is less than human c' miserable Person d' miser

e. hater of all PeoPle3. humane attitudes a.lively b' compassionate c' inanimate

d. human e' cruel4. virile features a. muscular b. unmanly c. rough d' strongly

masculine e. feminist5. an issue of autonomy a' dependency b' income c' Iìew

government d. selÊrule e' personal identity

circle the letter of the best slôtroNtlvf (the word or phrase most nearly

the same as the word in bold-faced type) '

6.researchingynecologya.men'Sdiseasesb.thestudyofwomenc. the accomplishttt.ñts of women d' women's health

e. nature conservation7. answering like a(n) automaton a' robot b' domineering person

c. autocrat d. feminist e' egoist

8. a famous anthropologist a. rumanist b. scientist who studies

human origins c, humanitarian d' homicide e' autocrat

I VOCABULARY FROM CI.ASSICAT ROOTS

9. the suspected homicide a. murder victim b. robber c.d. scene of the crime e. murder weapon

10. influenced by feminism a. feminine-behavior b. womenc. a belief in the equal status of women d. unmanlinesse. motherhood

killer

EXERCISE I B Circle the letter of the sentence in which rhe word in botd-faced type isused incorrectly.

l. a. The Cabots and the Lowells, proper Bostonians, alwaysdemonstrated the humanities at aheir afternoon teas.

b. The sciences are not classified us ¡1¡¡enities.c. The humanities courses for freshmen include art and music

history.d. New technology often draws more financial support than do the

humanities.2. a. Films of Benito. Mussolini ralþing fellow Italians during world

War II reveal his egoism.b. Egoists think of their own interests first.c. Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the notable egoists in history.d. His lifetime career in social work demonstrateã his selfless

egoism.3. a. The traditional family in china expects the eldest male, usually

the grandfather, to be autocratic.b. Py dividing power among the legislarive, judicial, and executive

branches of government, the u.s. constitution prevents apresident from becoming an autocrat.

c. children learn to be selÊgoverning by gradual practice inautocracy.

d. Although she_ officially ruled with her brother, cleopatra was theunquestioned autocrat of Roman Eg¡pt.

4. a. Although the police considered ttrJ¿èath an actof suicide, Miss

- Marple suspected homicide after she attended the investigation.b. To prove his theory of "superior merì.," Raskolnikov becaräe a

homicide, killing an aged pawnbroker.c. Believing his wife Desdemona to be unfaithful, othello killed her

in a homicidal act ofjealousy.d. Because the police found five stolen wallets in the pickpocket's

coat, they charged him wirh homicide.

ITESSONS I AND 2: THE PERSON

EXERCISE I C

view of

and distrusted everyone'5. Human beings u.. i',h. measure of all things" from the point of

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 1. Use a

word or any of its forms onlY once'

1. In recent years many African nations have achieved

after decades of colonial rule'

2. The office suPervisor followed his routine with such mechanical

consistency that his subordinates called him a(n)

3. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle assigned his fictional sleuth, Sherlock

Flolmes, to many perplexing cases oforphan child, Silas

who lived in isolation4. Until he was transformed by adopting an

Marner was a(n)

6. MaryWollstonecraft,aneighteenth-century 'wrote A Vind,ication of the ñ.gh* of womanin response to Rousseau's

claim that women's major role was to care for men'

7. Advances inwomen who were once infertile to have children

have made it Possible for

8. Because my supervisor is such a(n) ' I

have asked for a transfer to a department in which all employees'

opinions are valued.g. since the Red cross began inspecting de[ention camps, prisoners

of war live in more10. Mikhail Baryshnit ou u-"gnt new excitement to ballet with his

stYle of dancing

ll. ZoraNeale Hurston's studies infocused on black folklore in the South and in the West Indies.

LESSON 2Fortuna non mutat gsnus.

Fortune does not change nature [birth] '-HoRACE

KeyWords

congenitalengendergenealogYgenesisgenocide

genregenteelgentilegentryheterogeneous

homogeneousindigenousingeniousprogenitorprogeny

r0 VOCABULARY FROM CIASSICAI ROOTS

9_EN9S.QENEOS <G. "rqc e," "fomily',Q_EN!, GENTIS <L. "roce,"."c)lon," "fámily"GENUS, GENERIS <1. "birfh ,',

,,ràce,,, ,kind,,, ',tribe,,,,,clon,,l. genealogy- (jê'nê öl,e jê) l"ogos <G. 'fuord," "speech," "thought"]

n. A record of descent from one's áncestors; the study of family reJo.¿s.

Toni Morrison's rovel. Song. of solomon troces the geneology of onAmericon fomily from rhe míd-rwentierh cenfury bock tjheir Afäåon her-itoge.

Challenge Wordsdegenerategenericgenusregenerate

genealogical, adj.

2. genocide (jën/e sÏd) loccid,ere <L. ,,to kill,'ln. The planned annihilation of a raciar, poritical, or cultural groupThe Nozi effort to eliminote oll Jews is the mosf extensive ottempl otgenocide in history.

3. genre (zhän're)n. Atr¡pe, class, or category, especially of fine art or literature.Edno Ferber's writing encomposses severol genres-fiction, dromo, ondoutobiogrophy.

4. genteel (jén têl/)adj.well-mannered; refined; polite. (sometimes used to mean ,,falselypolite" or "having affected good manners.,')

Although ,they hied. to look genieel, their vulgor longuoge ond rude

behovior betroyed their lock of refinement.

gent'lity, n.

5. gentile (jën'rrl)n. Anyone not of theJewish faith.

Although they ore genÌiles, they ore fomiliorwith Jewish trodifion.

6. gentry (jën/tre)z. J. Aristocratic or well-bred people.

Theír cultivoted monners ond educotionshowed them to be members of the gentry.

2. In Britain, the class under the aristocracy.

Severol of Jone Austen's novels describe theEnglish gentr)r enioying their country estotes.

NoTABENE: Aword coined in the twentieth century is gmtrify,meaning"to upgrade a neighborhood as dwelrings and buiidi""g. aiã improveä

llTESSONS I AND 2: THE PERSON

Challenge Wordsprimogeniture

or renovated"; gentrification occurs when middle-class families

move into an ,rriurt area, causing property values to increase and

poorer residents to be forced out'

7. heterogeneous (hët' ar e jë'ne es) lhettros <G' "other"l

adj.Hlv\ngparts that are unrelated or completely different'

The United Stotes hos been colled o "melting pot" becouse of its

heÌerogeneous PoPulotion.

heterogeneity, n.

Antonym: homogeneous

8. homogeneous (hõ möj'e nes, he möj'e nes) lhomos <G'

"same"]adj.I. Of the same kind or sort'

As o result of modern weoving technology, thousonds of yords of

hã*àgun"ot¡s cloth con be produced by foctories in different countries'

2. Composed of parts that are alike'

Becouse few non-lcelonders live in lcelond, it is o culturolly homoge-

neous countrY.

homogeneiq, n-; homogenize, z.; homogeneously, adu'; homoge-

neousness, ??.

Antonym: heterogeneous

GIGNO, GIGNERE, GENUI, GENITUM <L' "to beget,"

"to beor," "to bring forth"

9. congenital (ken jén/e tel) lcon= cum <L' 'with"lad,j.ixist\ns at birth but not hereditary'

The boby is the only member of its fomily to hove o congenitol heort

defect.

10. engender (ën jën'der) len= in <L' "in"ltr. u.'to give rise to; to bring into existence'

The British Porlioment's toriff on teo engendered violent protests like the

Boston Teo Porty in the over-toxed Americon colonies'

11. genesis (jë.t'e sîs)

n.I. Abeginning or origin.

Hislorions troce the genesis of the United Notions to the Leogue of

Notions.

2. (capitalized) The first book of the Old Testament'

one story of the creotion of the world is told in Genesis.

l2 VOCABUTARY FROM CIASSICAT ROOTS

12. indigenous (ïn dïjra nes) fin <L,,,in,fad,j. 7. Occurring in or characterizing un uràu;native.shinto, o,religion indigenous toJopon, originoted in prehistoric times,while Buddhism wos iñtroduced from Koreã in rhe ,iirr, låltrf-.2. Inborn.

curiosity is o chorocteristic indigenous to humon beings.

13. ingenious (i jën,yes) fin <L.,,in,lad,j. Cleverly inventive and resourceful.

Horriet Tubmon's ingenious toctics helped more thon 3oo slovesescope to freedom.

ingenuity, n.; ingeniousness, 7¿.

NorA BENE: Do not confuse i lfrom ingmuus<L. "frankness," "innocence' hout sop"histi_cation or worldliness; innocent,

14. progenitor (prö jën/o ter) Lpro <L.,,before,,,,,for,,]n. A direct ancestor; an originator of a line of descent.

The,wright brofhers' flying mochine is the progenitor of the modernoirplone.

15. nè) [pro <L. "forth"]endants; offspring.also refers to the

results of artistic creativity. For example,Charles Dickens said that of all hisprogeny-meaning his novels_he lovedD auid, Copþcrrt eM best. )

Most porents toke pride in fheoccomplishments of their progeny.

EXERCISE 2A circle the letter of the best sr/r,troNyM (the word. or phrase most nearlythe same as the word in bold-faced tfpe). I

l. the infection was congenital a. hereditary b. troubresomec. existent at birth d. contagious e. homogeneous

2. to be a gentÍle a. gentle p..io., b. well-brä person

^ c' non-lewish person d. humanist e. membei of aJewish nation3. search for one's genearogy a. national history t. rimily history, c. anthropology d. cultural history e. personal history4. characteristicJof rhe gentry a. anåestori b. progeny

c. non-Jewish people d. well-bred people ..ìf¡i¿r."

TESSONS t AND 2: THE PERSON r3

EXERCISE 28

Circle the letter of the best ANTON)|r\4 (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type).

5. the genesis of a project a' category b' origin c' founderd. end e.limitations

6. from heterogeneous backgrounds a. married b. independentc. differing d. similar e. genteel

Z. to engendãr drowsiness a. pretend b. put an end to c. bringabout d. expect e. forbid

Circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectþ.

l. a. His personal library was organizedby genre and then by author.

b. A béginning German student learning French may confuse

masculine, feminine, and neuter genres of nouns'c. Dr. SamuelJohnson believed that people most enjoy reading

genres familiar to them.¿. ifre English writer George Eliot chose the novel as the genre best

suited to her talents.2. a. In the nineteenth century, wearing a hat and gloves out of doors

was a mark of gentilitY.b. The actor tooli speech lessons to acquire a more genteel accent.

c. The murderer showed his gentitity by quickly confessing to the

homicide.d. Although they put on genteel airs, the Victorian couple lived in

poverty.g. a. Tne experiment failed because of the heterogeneity of the

animals being studied.b. she was so heterogeneor¡s in math that she won every contest.

c. Despite the heterogeneous views of its members, the Senate

,rttutti-ously approved the new Supreme Courtjustice'd. To assemble a hèt"rog"neous freshman class is the aim of many

college admissions directors'4. a. Charles Darwin shocked o',nry devoutVictorians when he

suggested that some form of ape was the progenitor of humanbeings.

b. Atteñding the birthday parq were sixty of her progenitors.c. A Daughier of the Ameiican Revolution can prove that one of

her prógenitors fought in the War of American Independence.

d. Recõrdt ftt.¿ in Salt Lake City help many people frndinformation about their progenitors.

t4 VOCABUIARY FROM CLASSICAL ROOTS

5. a.

b.The Seminole are an indigenous American people.Several kinds of rock found on the California coast are notindigenous but were brought from different locations by shiftinggeologic plates.No matter how hard he tried to earn a living, he remainedindigenous and dissatisfi ed.The potato is indigenous to South America.Production on an assembly line insures almost perfecthomogeneity in the cars a factory makes.Most dairies homogenize their milk so that cream does not rise tothe top.After we had homogenized the laboratory, no one could detect atrace of the chemical explosion.Some math teachers prefer homogeneous classes so that nostudent will feel the pace is too slow or too fast.

c.

d.6. a.

b.

c.

d.

EXERCISE 2C Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 2. use aword or any of its forms only once.

l. All of the doctor's have followed theirmother's example and have studied medicine too.

2. Throughout history there have been examples ofas one group of people finds cause to destroy another.

3. Tom Sawyer's plan convinces his friendsto do his work-whitewashing a fence.

4. Designed in 1909, Henry Ford's Model T is theof today's mass-produced automobiles.

5. students profit from acquiring techniques for reading various

poetr/, essays, short stories, and novels.

6. Too much competition can fear anddistrust among students.

7. Although found throughout California, eucaþtus trees are

to Australia.

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR TESSONS I AND 2I Circle the letter of the best answer to the following questions about rootsI and definitions.

l. Which Greek or Latin word means the same as gne?a. air b. genus c. humanus d. fem,ina e. anthroþos

r5TESSONS I AND 2: THE PERSON

2. Which Greek or Latin word does not belong with the others?

a. humanus b. auto c. anthroþos

3. Which pair of words can accurately be used as synonyms?

a. progenitor-ProgenYb. egoism-egotismc. misogynist-misanthroPed. humanism-anthroPologY

4. Which word is lcastlikely to describe an egoist?

a. autonomous b. ingenious c. humanitarian d. gentilee. misanthroPic

5. Which of the foltowing explanations of word derivation is incorrect?

a. Autoc"raü contains the Greek word for "power'"b. Misanthroþe contains the Greek word for "man"'c. Hettrogeneous contains the Greek word for "other'"d,. Ind,igeno¿¿s contains the Latin word for "clan'"e. Hom¿cid¿ contains the Latin word for "kill'"

al Substitute the appropriate word from Lessons 1 or 2 for each word or

Z phrase in parenitret.i itt the following paragraphs. No word is used more

than once.

l. In nineteenth-century New England, Lyman Beecher was a

prominent clergYman whoseihared his liberal thinking on social issues. Two of them were

Harriet Beecher stowe, author of uncle Tom's cabin, and the

,

minister Henry Ward Beecher, who adhered to(humanitarian) precepts as a supPorter of the anti-slavery

movement and the theory of evolution. A(masculine, dynamic) advocate, Henry Ward Beecher

(propagated) enthusiasm for the

women's suffrage movement.

(Scientists) studying the origins

of human beings have discovered a remarkable

(sameness) in the PeoPles

(native) to both North and South

America. Almost all Native Americansblood type, but also the same immuni

shared not only the sameties. For this reason thousands

died in what was for the most part a(n)(annihilation) of whole tribes that had no immune defenses to the

contagious diseases brought by European invaders.

ró VOCABULARY FROM CI.ASSICAI ROOTS

$ W.iting or Discussion Activities

3. Imagine that you could interview any one of your progenitors abouthis or her lifetime and experiences. Explain in a paragraph whomyou would choose to interview and why. Then list fìve questions youwould like to ask.

l. You are a travel agent who has been asked to suggest an appropriatesummer vacation for each of the following clients. Describe eachvacation in a complete sentence that includes the italicized word.a. A client with an interest in genealog.b. A client with an interest in the humanities.c. A client with an interest in indigenoøsAmerican art and

languages.d. A client with an interest in anthropolog.

2. select one of the kinds of people listed below and write a monologuefrom his or her point of view. Have the speaker describe someinterest or activity that would be t¡pical of such a person. Let themanner of speaking as well as the topics mentioned reveal what kindof person this is.a. A feministb. An autocratc. A misanthroped. An automaton

LESSONS 3 AND 4

PersonalRelationshipt

rEssoN 3Patris est f.lius.He is his father's son(i.e., a chip off the old block)

MATER, MATRIS <1. "mother"

1. matrix (mã'triks)n. The surroundings within which somethingbegins or develoPs.

Reseorchers use o mqtrix of nutritious gelotin to

grow bocterio in loborotories.

avuncularbigamyfamilialfraternalfraternize

KeyWordsmatriarchymatriculatematrrxmonogamypatriarch

patrrmonypatronagepatronrze.patronymrcuxorlous

t7

r8 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

Challenge Wordmatricide

Challenge Wordspaterfamiliaspatricide

2. matriarchy (mãl tre är'ke) [orthy <G. arkhein,,,to rule"]n. A society ruled or controlled by women.

Anthropologicol reseorch suggests thot the eorly society of crete wos omotriorchy.

matriarch, n.; rnatiar chal, ad,j.

3. matriculate (me trik'ya lät)

tr. and intr. u. To register as a student at a college or university.

oberlin wos the first Americon college to ollow both women ond mento molriculoþ.

matriculatiorr, n.

PÆER, PATRIS <1. "fother"

4. patriarch (pa'tre ärk) farch <G.arkhein, "to rule"]n.I.Thc male head of a family or tribe

The potriorch wos honored os the chiefhístorion of the tribe.

2. An Old Testament ancestor.

Jocob wos the potriorch of the twelve hibesof lsroel.

3. A founding father or wise man.

Americons look upon George woshington os their potriorch.

patriarchal, adj.; patriarclny, n.

5. patrimony (pät' re mo'ne)n. A farnily inheritance.

lslomic low ollows o womon to retoin oll rights to her potrimony whenshe morries.

patnrnorúa[ adj.

6. patronage (pã'tre nij, pät/ re nij)n. 1. Support; encouragement.

Polít¡col contenders vie for the pofronoge of weolthy citizens.

2. Business clientele; customers.

Becouse of ¡ts efficíency ond courtesy the new bonk hos ottrocted thepolronoge of mony business people.

TESSONS 3 AND 4: PERSONAL REIATIONSHIPS r9

Challenge Wordsconfrerefra[ricide

7. patronize (paltre nlz, pat're nrz)tr. a.1. To go to regularlY.

We potronize the locol grocery slore.

2. To treat someone as an inferior.

"Don't potron¡ze me," the potient soid when the doclor dismissed her

questions.

patronizing, adj.

8. patronymic (pät're nim'ik) lnym <G. onoïna, "name"]

n. Name derived from a paternal ancestor.

Pelerson is the potronymic of Pefer's son.

FRATER, FRATRIS <1. "brother"

9. fraternal (fre tûr /nel)

adj. P ertaining to brothers; brotherly.

Although seporoted for mony yeors, the brothers still retoined o fierce

froternol loyolty.

10. fraternize (frät/ er nrz)intr. a.1. To be friendlY with.

The new teocher soon froternized eosily with her colleogues.

2. To socialize with an enemy population.

Worning The troops not to froternize, the commonder declored off l¡m-

its oll toverns ond restouronts in the occupied town.

fraternizatiott, n.

AVUNCULUS, AVUNCULI <1. "uncle"

11. avuncular (e vúng'kYe ler)adj.Llke an uncle.

We opprecioted his ovunculor gestures like trips to fhe boll pork ond

treots of ice creom.

FAMILIA <1. "fomily"

12. familial (fe mÏl/Yel)adj.Havtng to do with the familY.

One bronch of onthropology studies fomiliolstructures in different cultures.

20 VOCABUTARY FROM C[ASSICAL ROOTS

Challenge Wordsgametemrsogamy

EXERCISE 3A

UXOR, UXORIS <1. "wife"13. uxorious (ük' sôr'e es, fü' sor/ ë es)

adj. Dominated by one's wife.

The uxorious husbond cotered to his wife,s every whim.

GAMOS <G. "morrioge"

L4. bigamy (big/e me) lhi <G. "rwo"ln. Marriage to o mates.

Mr. Rochester would hove committed bigomy if he hod morried JoneEyre while his wife wos still olive.

bigamist, n.; bigamous, adj.

15. monogamy (ma nóg/e më) fmonos <G. *alone"]n. Marriage to a single mate.

The Constitution recognize monogomy os the only legol form of mor-rioge in the United Stotes.

monogamist, n.; monogamous, adj.

Circle the letter of the best ANToN\{VI (the word. or phrase most nearlyopposite the word(s) in bold-faced type)

1. their patronage of the arts a. support for b. opposition toc. advertisement of d. festival of e. interest in

2. to fraternize with the enemies a. trad.e b. talk c. refuse tosocialize d. become brothers e. make peace

3. the'xorious husband a. overbearing b. supportive c. humaned. monogamous e. unfaithful

4. a patronizing remark a. familiar b. flattering c. scornfuld. charming e. misanthropic

circle the letter of the best sYNoNyM (the word or phrase most nearlythe same as the word in bold-faced tfpe).

5. hatched in a high-protein matrix a. environment b. bottlec. substitute d. progeny e. gas

6. the patriarch of the village a. leader b. progenitorc. patriot d. teacher e. patron

7. anticipated their matriculátion a. grades b. suspensionc. awards d. enrollment e. arrival

2lTESSONS 3 AND 4: PERSONAT RELATIONSHIPS

EXERCISE 38 circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectlY.

l.a.IsabelArcherreceivesfromanunclea|argepatrimonythatenables her to live and travel independentþ'

b. After Paylng their father's debts, no patrimony remained for the

brothers.c.Thecrewgaveapatrimonialdinnertohonortheirretiring

leader.d. As the only heir, Eleanor of Aquitaine received a patrimony

surpassing many kingdoms'2, a. A'pr".o.år^ stí¿ent, she matriculated at the university when

she was fifteen.b.Watercanbepurifiedbymatriculationthrotrghaseriesof

filters.c.Youcannotcheckoutbooksfromthecollegelibraryuntilyou

have matriculated.d. Because of his illness during the autumn' he postponed

matriculating until the second semester'

3. a. Although ElLabeth I of England had many su-i.t9rs' she never

marrieã, and remained a monogamist all her life'

b. unlike the swan, who keeps o.tã mate for life, most animals are

not monogamous.c. "serial monogamy" is having several mates but one at a time'

d. Although divãrce was easiþnd frequent$ obtained, ancient

Roman societY was monogamous'4. a. LtThanksgiving we all vislit Grandma, the family matriarch'

b.I could imágine"an energetic woman like her as a leader in a

matriarchY.c.Althoughmenheldthepositionsofleadership,thetribewas

considãred matriarchal b..unt. women controlled all property'

d. Catherine the Great rode to her coronation in a gilded

matriarch.S.a.Thefamilialtuneremindedusofcollegefootballgames'.

b. she shared with her brothers the familial trait of cheerfulness'

c.Althoughademandingexecutive,infamilialmatterssheisPatient and accePting'

d. Few srrangers urê p.iitit.ged to enter Spanish familial circles'

6. a. The bigariist *u, iror...tt.d *h.tt both his wives filed suit-

against him.¡. tñ ti¡et bigamy is allowed only when a man marries his

brother's widow.c. According to a new Marriage Law, bigamywas prohibited'

d. Before they stood upright, bigamists moved on four legs'

22

EXERCISE 3C

VOCABUTARY FROM CI.ASSICAI. ROOTS

7. -". JJl. crystals were found in a granite matrix.b. The diverse cultural matrix oi constantinople, situated between

Europe and Asia, gave rise to a new architeàturar sryle thatcombined both influences.

c. some anthropologists berieve that the matrix of humanevolution was East Africa.

d. only a strong matrix like Aunt Martha could have held thefamily together.

8- a. Laaransdatteris a Norwegian patronymic that means ,,thedaughter of Lawan.',

b. Names like Fitzpatrick and Fitzgerard are patronymics derivedfrom the Fre vhich means ,,Jon.,,

c_. lhe squande c on the stock market.d. Russian nam patronymic, and a family

name.9. a. Fraternize yourserf with the rules before you attempt to play

chess.b. The faculty seldom fraternized with the students.c. During worrd war II the French underground gained military

information by fraternizing with Germaî soldieis.d. All the tourist's efforts to fiaternize with the villagers ended inrejection. ,/-

10. .u.

wå seldom y'atrorrøe this store because the clerks are veryrude.b. The seniors have a patroniz rg attitude toward all freshmen.c. this candidate's views, don,t support her.d. restaurants where ,-ákirrg is permitted.

I l. a. r patronage, especially hei references to

b. Public television stations depend financially on the patronage ofthe viewers.

c' upon retirement, Dr. wong sold both her office and patronageto a young dentist.

d' The patronage of the Melron family has enabled the art museumto make major purchases.

L2. a' He took an avuncular interest in the neighbor,s children.b. An arruncular infection can cause deafne-ss.c. Avuncular affection led him to make his niece his heir.d. Letting me stay up late and eat lots of chocolate were avuncular

indulgences both my uncle and I enjoyed.

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson B. use aword or any of its forms only once. ^

l. Walter Mitty was sobuy puppy biscui ts without consulting his wife

that he couldn't

TESSONS 3 AND 4: PERSONAI REIAIIONSHIPS 23

2. Although they were not wealthy, her parents left her a rich

by giving her a fine education'3. Showing us photographs fròm her childhood, Grandmother

pointed out the distinctiveher cousins.

4. After uncle Nick died,I realized how much I depended on his

affection.

5. In the movie, the deceitful

-

maintained a wife' two

children, and a dog in two different cities'

6. Although permitteã several wives by Chinese law, the emPeror

chose to remain out of devotion to his first wife'

7. Atthough unrelated, the foster brothers developed a strong

bond.

resemblance among

N4De mortuis nil nisi bonum'

[Say] nothing about the dead but good'-TRADITIoNAL

PUER <1. "o mole ch¡ld"

1. puerile (pyõõ'er î1, pyo-o'il, pwèr'il)adj. C}:,ildish; immature.

Forced to toke my little sister to the porly, I wos humilioted by her puerile

giggling.

entityessenceeuthanasiainnatemoribund

KeyWordsmortify pedagogue

pedantPOStmortempuerilerenalssance

nanvenascentnonentityorthopedics

24 VOCABUI.ARY IROM CIASSICAL ROOTS

PAIS, PAIDOS <G. "ch¡1d," "boy"2. orthopedics (ôrl the pè/diks) lortho <G. "straight,,,,,correct,,]

n. Branch of medicine rreating disorders of the sk"eletal system ándtissues related to movement.

The speciolist in orthopedics set my broken leg.

orthopedic, adj.; orthopedist, n.

3. pedagogue (pëd'e gög', pëdre gôg,) lgogue <G. agogos,"leader"]n. A teacher.

The oxford Cleric in Choucer's conrerbury Toles is o devoted pedo-gogue who would "glodly . . . leorn ond glãdly teoch.,,

pedagogic, adj.; pedagogic al, ad,j.; pedagogy, n.

4. pedant (pëd / ent)n.1. Aperson who pays excessive attentionto learning rules rather than tounderstanding.

A true scholor seeks to understond the cqusesof historicol events, but o pedont onlymemorizes their dotes.

2. A scholarly show-off.

lnsteod of soying "horse," the pedonf Mr. Bounderby in chorles Dick-en's Hord Times refers fo o "gronivorous quodruped.í,

pedantic, adj.; pedantry, n.

SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUM <1. ,,IO bE,,

5. entity (ën/ te të)z. Something that has a real or independent existence.

Eoch twin wonted to be treoted os on entity.

Antonym: nonentity

6. nonentity (nón én/ re tê)n.7. A,person or thing of no importance.

How d¡d such o nonentity ochieve so much power?

2. something that does not exist or exists only in the imagination

25TESSONS 3 AND 4: PERSONAT RELATIONSHIPS

Challenge Wordsin absentiaquintessential

Challenge Wordsamortizerigor mortis

Although o monster in o nightmore is o nonent¡ty, it con couse reol

feor.

Antonym: entitY

7. essence (ës'ens)n.l.Thebasicelement;theidentifyingcharacteristic.

During the l92Os Bessie Smith's singing represented the essence of the

blues.

2. A substance in concentrated form obtained from a plant or drug'

Ground seeds of the cocoo beon ore the essence of cocoo.

3. A perfume.

The delicate essence of lavender scenled the room'

(Qtintessen ¿ means "an even Purel, more concentrated form" or

"a-perfect embodiment of some thing' ")

MORIOR, MORI, MORTUUM <1. "to die"

8. moribund (môr'e bùnd, mör'e búnd)adj. Abottt to die or end.

As qutomobiles become populor, the speed

limits set for horse-drown vehicles become

moribund.

moribunditY, n.

9. mortify (môr' te fi) l-fy = facere <L' "to make"l

tr. u.1. To shame.

In'Prid'eand'Prtjud,ice,Mrs.Bennet'scrudeeffortstomarryoffherfive claughters mortify Elizabeth Bennet'

2. To discipline oneself by denial'

some Hindus seek to mortify the flesh by prolonged fosting.

mortificatioÍ)', n.

10. postmortem (põst môr' tem) lpost <f' "after"]

". f . ¡tt examination to determine the cause of death; an autopsy'

The postmortem eliminoted the possibility of deoth by poison.

2. (informal) An analysis of something that is over'

Every Mondoy ot lunch there is o postmorlem of Sundoy's boseboll

gome.

26 VOCABUTARY FROM CIASSICAL ROOTS

Challenge Wordscognateneeneonatalrenascence

EXERCISE 4A

THANATOS <G. "deorh"

ll. euthanasia (fOO'-the nãrzhe, yõõ,the nãrshe) lzu <G.,,well,,l?:-Th. acr of painlessly killing a suffering p.rro' oianimal;

^...ykilling.

controversy continues over o potient's right to euthonosio.

NASCOR, NASCI, NATUM <1. ,,ro be born,,12, innate (ï nät', ïn, ät) fin <L.,,in,l

ady. Possessed at birth; inborn.

Voice lessons hove improved his innote singing tolent.

inrLately, adu.

13. naive (nä ev/)adj. 7. Childlike; unsophisticared.

She retoined o noive belief thot her toyscome olive by night.

2. Gullible.

The noive tourists bought ,,oncient coins,,

from dishonest street vãndors.

naivete, n.

14. nascent (näs'ent, nãlsant)ad,j. Emerging; coming into existence.

Good teochers encouroge the noscent skills of young writers.renaissance (rén'e säns r, tén, e zänsr) fre <L.,,back,,,,,again,,]n.7. Arebirth; a renewal.

The twentíeth century hos witnessed o renoissonce of interest in indige-nous Americon ort.

2. (capitalized) A revival of humanism in fourteenth-century to six-teenth-century Europe.

During the Renoissonce fhe humonities were greotly influenced byGreek ond Romon models.

circle the letter of the best ANTONIß4 (the word. or phrase most nearlyopposite the word in bold-faced type).

l. their puerile choice a. maturelike e. avuncular

ü

15.

b. innocent c. girlish d. pearl-

27rEsSoNs 3 AND 4: PERSONAI RELATIONSHIPS

2.ourhopesweremoribunda.nascentb.boundlessc.foolishd. naive e' arrested

3. a naive remark a. silly b' dishonest c' strange

e. soPhisticated4. intentionally chose a(n) nonentity a' important person

b. pedant c' basic element d' careless Person e' mature Person

5. a renaissance in bluegrass music a' pedagogue b' genesis

c. decline d. PatrimonY e' Progeny

circle the letter of the best slô{oN\N{ (the word or phrase most nearly

the same as the word in bold-faced type) '

d. rude

6. this innate quality a. hereditary b' secret c' destructive

d. boring e. nascenl7. mortifyiäg situations a' funny b' expensive c' fatal

¿. moii¡un¿ e. painfully embarrassingg. recognized your riascent ialent a. decãnt b. athletic c. familial

d. immortal e. budding9. became increasingly peãantic a' interested in shoes b' evil

c. humiliating aiwiity e' foolishly-attentive to detail

10. pedagogic suãcess a' educational tr' mathematrcal

ä. meâiãat d. immature e' essential

EXERCISE 48 Circre the letter of the senrence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectþ.

1. a. Pedants have the right-oÊway at intersections'

b. Only a pedantworrid bt so picky about footnotes in a personal

letter.c. Despite his occasional pedantry he is a teacher beloved by his

students.d.Herpedarrticlectureoncarbondatingdestroyedmyinterestin

archaeologY.2. a. Orthopediî shoes can help correct a child's club foot'-

¡. ¡fì oihopedist at a ski r.*.t has a large practice during the

winter.c. Hetpl There's a Sreen orthopede in my sleeping bag'

d. Modern orthop."dics can imirove most curvatures of the spine. _

3. a. Our plans to rämodel the hóuse have become moribund since the

economic recession'b. Because of competition from the airlines' many railroads are now

moribund.

28 VOCABUTARY FROM CTASSICAI. ROOTS

c. He wore a plaid moribund with his tuxedo.d. Hypochonãriacs think they're morib'nd when they have onry

have a cold.4' a' However good the intentions, euthanasia is extremery

controversial.b' The lawyer's strong statement supporting euthanasia won the

sympathy of thejury.c. Her euthanasia for sailing led to a year-long yachting trip.d. The debating team chosãthe topié ,,R.rohiá,Euthanasia

shouldbe permitted in cases of terminal disease.,,

5. a. Only someone nascent to the United States may run forpresident.

b. Her teacher-encouraged her nascent interest in Mayan culture.c. Political anaþts observed a nascent radicarism among ruralvoters.

d. Their nascent sense of independence was frustrated by theschool's rigid rules

6. a. His innate tact and consideration make him an excellentdiplomat.

b. Cats innatety hate water.

:. T!. ability to speak is innate in human beings.d. when she received the bill, she was so innate that she threatened

to sue.7. a' our English teacher used_odd pedagogic techniques rike wearing

funny hats and singing rules foi punctuation to kìep ourattention.

b. Jan was a child pedagogue, playing with the vienna philharmonicat age twelve.

c. Education courses stress effective pedagogy.d. Lecturing is still common pedagogica þräåti.. at the university

level.8. a. This new perfume is called ,,Essence of Violets.,,

b' His frequent q.l9r and fluency in many languages make him theessence of worldliness.

c_. Some people are born with limited. essences of smell.d. claude Brown's autobiography captures the essence of Harlem in

the 1940s and lg50s.9. a. He had an entity for exotic foods.

b. Hard work and concern for constituents turned the senator intoan influential political entity.

c. Although she began her caieer with a large firm, she rater wentinto business for herseHas a separate

".,tiþd. Although certain phenomenu huu. no phpicar entity, scientificinstruments can prove their existence.

LESSONS 3 AND 4: PERSONAI RELATIONSHIPS29

FillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromLesson4.Useaword or anY of its forms onlY once'

1. Refusing ro let boos from the balconY

her, the comPoserof her symPhonY'

made a dignified bow after the world Premiere

EXERCISE 4C

2.

3. Anyone withgiven a resPonslble job

4. Theneck injury.

The health dePartment ordered a(n

to determine whether the dead dog had rabies.

behavior cannot be

brace relieved the Pain from his

)

5. My citY cousins were so : .about- ;kLp;cking tt utìt,.y u-"nt t ut"-"gt t ut"trg a hairdryer and a tapedeck'

6. He isinstead of "I will."

to insist thatwe saY "I shall"

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR LESSONS 3 AND 4

circle the letter of the best answer to the following analogies and questions

about roots and definitions

1. mater'. þatn: :

a. Paternal: maternalb. puerile : naivec. frattr'. auunat'lusd. patrimonY : matrimonYe. matriarch : Patriarch

2. morior I nascor i ia. to die : thanatosb. pendant: Pedagoguec. mortif : fortiffd. Puer: Paise. moribund: nascent

3. patronize : þatn: :

ã. pedagogue: teacherb. Postmortem : autopsy

c. fraternal : fraterd.. thanatos : euthanasiae. esse: essential

I

30VOCABUTARY IROM CTASSICAI.

4. bigamy: monogamy: :

a. entity : nonentityb. nonentity: essencec. patricide : suicided.2:1e. divorce: annulment

5. Which root does not refer to a family relationship?a. uxor b. frater c. aaunrulus d. pun e. pater

(about to die out)

2. English Queen Victoria is renowned as a(a powerful female ruler) for her longevi

ROOTS

t fybstitrlæ the appropriare word from Lessons 3 or 4 for each word or'a pnrase rn parentheses in the following paragraphs. No word is used morethan once.

l. until the nineteenth century, most Europeans were educated in amanner that dated back to the(rebirth) of humanism in tn. U e basisof thisstudy of Greek and Latin literature, proved impractical in the

engage in trade, and relate "rt;iparts of the world, Europeans nee

geography, science, and mathemareforms have prevailed, the study of Greek and Latin is today

ty on the throne as well as

3

n.I (family_minded) role as morher ofeighr children born berween Ig4('and ígoz. FI;.*. ñ. consorrand husband, Prince Albert, was not(dominated by his wife). He possess.a

;

historians cire hirn for hisgoodjudgm.,,t*nåli;'ìe ,:iHi")deflected war berween England and the United States.

Writing or Discussion Activities

b' A.pedantic pedagogue has a conference with a puerile student todiscuss the studentls work.

3lrEssoNs 3 AND 4: PERSONAT RELATIONSHIPS

2. Several words in Lessons 3 and 4have more than one meamng'

write two sentenães ihat illustrate different meanings of each of the

following words.a. patriarchb. patronagec. essenced. mortiff

3. Do you know someone whose family name is a patronymic? Make a-

li.; äf ,n. peopte whom you know with patronymic names' Use at

least one of these patroíymic names inã sentence. (Suggestion: Ifyou aorr't krrowsoLtone, check your school roster or a telephone

book.)

TESSONS 5 AND ó

Feelings

TE N5Amor uincit omnia.Love conquers all.-vrxctr, Eclogues X, 69

AMO, A[á/ARE, A 4AVl, AMATUM <1. ,,ro love,,

AMICUS <1. "friend"1. amicable (ãm/ i ke bel)

ad,j. Friendly; peaceable.

An omicqble settlement of the dispute prevenfed ill feelings.amicability, n; anticableness, n.; amicably, ad,a.

2, amity (äm'e të)n. Friendship; friendly relations.

Amify hos long existed between the united sfotes ond conodo

acrophobiaamicableamityaPPeasebibliophile

32

33LESSONS 5 AND ó: FEELINGS

Challenge Wordsamatoryamigoamour-propreinamorata

ChaltengeWordennul

3. enamored (i nám/rd) len-- in <L"'\n"l1i¡.i"love with; charmed by (used with ofl '

They were so enomored of lslqmic ort thol they extended their stoy in

Turkey.

4. inimical (in ím'î kel) lin <L' "not"l

ad,j.1. Harmful'

Too much coffeine is inimicql to your heolth'

2. Hostile; unfriendlY'

Despitetheporents,effortstoreconciletheirprogeny,thesisters,relo-tionship remãined inimicol'

ODIUM <1. "hote"

5. odious (o /d0 es)

ad,j. Hateful; distasteful'

Chorlotte Bronte's description of the odious Lowood School in Jone Eyre

wosdrownfromherownexper¡=n."wlthinh,'oneteochersotboord-ing school.

odiously, ad,a.; odîottsness' ??'; odium' n'

PHIIOS <G. "friend"PHILEO, PHILEIN <G. ,,tO

IOVE,,

6. bibliophile (bib/ le e fil) lbibtios <G' "book"l

n. A lover ofbooks'

A visit to the Librory of Congres.s. in.

Woshinqton, D.C., rs the-highlight of the

Trip for tñe biblioPh

bibliophilia, n'.

nhilanthropy (fi Ián/ thre pê) .fanthroþos<G' "man"l

ir.. t. Co"¿will to fellow human beings'

The leoders feh o spirit of philonthropy ot lhe signing of the Peoce treoty'

Challenge WordsAnglophilehemophiliaphilatelyphilologyphilter

7

34

Challenge WordsagoraphobiaAnglophobetriskaidekaphobia

VOCABUTARY FROM CIASSICAI. ROOTS

2. A charitable gift, act, or organization.

Andrew Carn-egie' s .p{Tfu "py provided for public libraries

throughout the United States.

philanthro pi9, ad,j.; philanthropical, ad.j.; philanthropist, n.Antonym: misanthropy

PHOBOS <G. "feor, " "fligh¡,,8

9.

phobia (fö, bë e)n. Strong, irrational fear.

Her phobio of enclosed spoces prevents herfrom riding in elevotors or åutomot¡les.

phobic, adj.

acrophobia (ák, re ñ,bè a) lacros <G."at the.farthest point" (usually reierring toheight)ln. Fear of heights.

Agrophobio prevented my climbing to the topof the tower.

acrophobe, n.

10. hydrophobia (hr'dre ñ, be e) fhyd,ros <G. ,\,vater,,ln. LFear of water.

Despife his hydrophobio, he finolly leorned to swim.

2. Rabies (a usuaily fatar disease caused by a bite from an infectedanimal).

The child who wos bitten by o sick squirrel received ontirobies voccineto combot hydrophobio.

hydrophobe, n.

ll. xenophobia (zën_e ñ, be e) lxenos <G. ,,stranger,,]n' Fear or hatred of what is srra: ge or foreign, o. å?io.äig.r..r.ln 200,l, the uN's conference ogoin.st Rocism, Rocior Discriminotion,Xenophobio, ond rnroreronce * í h"rd ¡r s.riír Àlrrcl.xenophobe, n.

PAX, PACIS <1. "peoce',12. appease (e pë2,) Laþ= ad, <L. ,,to,,,,,toward,,]

tr. u. To calm; to satisff by making concessions or giving intodemands.

35LESSONS 5 AND ó: FEELINGS

EXERCISE 5A

The prime minisîer oppeosed the ongry crowd by promises of eorly

electio s'

appeasable , ad,j.; appeasably, ada'; appeasement' n; apPeaser' n'

13. pacific (Pe sif /îk)adj.Peacefiil; serene'

Becouse the newly discovered oceon seemed so peoceful, Ferdinond

Mogellon colled ii "The Pocific"'

pacificaJlY, adu.

14. pacify (Päs/ e fi)tr. a.1. To calm; to make quiet'

Finding the lost doll oppeored to be the only woy to pocify the sobbing

child.

2. To end war or violence'

ln 1485 the feuding houses of York ond Loncoster were finolly poci'

ä"¿, "n¿

th" WorJof the Roses concluded when Henry of Loncoster

morried Elizobeth of York'

pacifiable, ad'j.; pacilic te, Ú';pacification' n' ; pacifi er' n': pacifism'

n; pacifist, n.

circle the letter of the best slôtroN\M (the word or phrase most nearþ

the same as the word(s) in bold-faced type) '

1. to suffer from hydrophobia a' rabies b' fear of heighs c' fear

of ure e' drought

2. a( a' fascination with b' dream of

c. of e' interest in

3. a policy of appeasement a' autonomy b' agitation c' amity

d. xenoPhobia e. euthanasia

4. to be enamored of a novel a' insulted by b' bored with

c. annoyed with d. in love with e' defensive about

circle the letter of the best ANTONyM (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type) '

5. the jury's inimical verdict a' incomparable b' imitative

c. nóstile d' friendlY e' Pitiless6. the odious duty u' íot'g-t*pected b' fateful c' hateful

d. desirable e' necessary

3ó VOCABULARY FROM CIASSICAI ROOTS

EXERCISE 58 circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectly.

l. a. A true bibliophile cannotb. Many reputations were ru

Germany during World Warc. The exrenr of her bibliophili

a whole suitcase of books on

^ d.I" bibliophile wourd reave a book open in the sun this way.2' u' 5?î:ver polite, relations be ween dr...r victoria and the- British prime minister william Gladitone were never amicable.b. Only your best amicables will tell you!c. amicable feelings among neighbors led to an annuar Labor Day

block party.d. The timber wolf wagged its tail amicably.

3' a' Her acrophobia woisened in the open squares of paris.refused to go to the top of the

i"ï.î:T:llll'.,,", to rhe

4. a. The frustrared babysitter managed to pacify the cranky baby withan extra bottle.

b' Because they courd- neither conquer nor pacify the scots, theRomans built a wall across northãrn England ío keep the scotsout of Britain.

c. The Treaty of vcrsailles attempted to insure the pacification of- Europe by totally disarming Gãrmany after Worlå War I.

d. Please pacifyyour complaiát in writing to the manager.

37TESSONS 5 AND ô: FEELINGS

EXERCISE 5C FillineachblankwiththemostapPropriatewordfromLessonS.Useaword or anY of its forms onlY once'

1. A long history of territorial conflicts has made Greeks and Turks

toward each other'

2. The government has encouraged by

making charitable contributions tax deductible'

3. Her fear of disease has made herabout germs.

4' Like a true ' she asked to see the

library frrst.

É 'r-r.a woodland glade was disrupted by

the noise of a motorcycle club racing thro gh'

6. She became so

summer there that she

7. Uriah HeeP's Pretense

changed her major to Iof being humble when

of Venice after a

talian.he is, in fact,

arrogant and sneaky, makgs-him a(n)

charãcter in Dauid CoþþnfieW"

8. Although not close friends, we have maintained

relations with our next-door neighbors for a decade'

9. When the director angrily threatened to recast the PlaY with more

her by

Jr., used

he

and make costumes.injustice, Martin Luther King,

nonviolent resistance, a form oflearned from Mahatma Gandhi'

LESSON óR.ad,ix omniurn malorum est at'piditas'

The love of money is the root of all evil'-¡PISTLE oF TIMorÉrY

KeyWords

antipathYapathycomplacen

dysenterydyslexiaempathyimplacable

mrsog)mypathological

t pathosplacateplacidcovet

cupidity mrsogamy

38VOCABUI.ARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

Challenge Wordshomeopathypathogenic

PATHOS <G. "suffering"

l. arrtiqathy (än- tip, e the) fanti <G.,,against,,]n. A hatred or dislike.

Henry Dovid Thoreou's ontipothy toword slovery led him to deliverspeeches supporting the qboiitioníst movement.

arrtipatheti c, adj.; antipatheti cal, ad,j.; antipatheti cally, ad,a.

2, up?ty -(äp/e the) la <G.,,îot,,,,\vithout,,l

n. 1. Lack of feeling, energ.y, or interest.

Becouse they hove not provided enough row-income housinq, citv oov-ernments hove been occused of oporh! towoJ;À; #;Ërl' ""r v"'-

2. Indifference.

Thot only,ten percent of citizens voted refrects widespreod opothytoword politics.

apathetic, adj.

3. empathy (ëm/pe the) fem=in <L.,,in,,]n. The.abiliry to identiff with someone erse and understand that per_son's situation of feelings.

Her empothy for the loneliness of the elderly mode her on ideol coun_selor for lhe nursing home.

empathic, adj.; empathically, adu.; enrpathize, u.

4. pathological (päth, e löj/i kel) Llogos <G. ,,word,,,,,speech,,,"thought"]adj. 1. Referring to patholog/, the study of disease.

Recent, pothologicol reseqrch shows thot the "common cold,, is notcoused by o single virus but by o combinotíán or ¿-iri"r"nt viruses.2. Caused by disease.

The child's lock of energy wos nof due to loziness but hod pothologicolcouses.

3. Abnormal in behavior.

Although she owned reol diomonds, the heiress hod o pothorogicorneed to shoplift cheop iewelry.pathologic, adj.; pathology, rz.; pathologist, n.

pathos (päl thös, pãl thôs)n' A feeling of sympathy; aquarity that arouses pity or tenderness.

5.

TESSONS 5 AND ó: FEELINGS39

ln o scene of greot polhos, King Leor loments the deoth of his foithful

doughter, Cordeliq

MISO, MISEIN <G. "to hote"

6. misogamY (mY'sög'e me)

n.Hatred of marriage'lgamos <G. "marriage"]

7

Hermisogomymoyhoveitsoriginsinherporents'unhoppymorrioge'

misogamist, n. ; misoganisnc, adj'

misogyny (ma söj'e në) lgne <G' "woman"]

n.Hatred of women.

Elizo Doolittle,s innole chorm ond intelligence help overcome Professor

H"".y Hlúins's misogyny in My Fair Lody'

miso gynic, ad'j.; misogyntst, n'; miso gynist ic' adj'; misogynous' ødj'

DYS <G. "diseosed," "difficult," "foulty

""'bld"dysentery (dis'en tër e)

n. Severe diarrhea.

After drinking from the villoge well, the trovelers suffered dysentery'

dvslexia (dis lëk/ se e) Uexis <G' "speech"]

;1;;;;i""ì airrt.ntty learning to read in the usual way'

Dyslexio seems to offect only o smoll percentoge of odults who hove

difficulty reoding.

dyslexic, ad'j.

Challengedyspepsiadystrophy

Words

8.

I

CUPIO,CUPERE,CUPIVI,CUPIDUM<L'"todesire"10. covet (kúv/ it)

tr.u.'lo..uu.o.desire,especiallysomethingbelongingtosome-one else.

40VOCABULARY FROM CI.ASSICAI.

ll

placater, n.; placation, n.; placatory, adj.; placative, ad,j.

15. placid (pläs/íd) ",.Éåj^.¡;

ad7. Showing calmness, peacefulness, or ltj.+iÏl

ROOTS

Becouse he coveted the throne of Engrond, Richord of Groucester mur-dered his nephews, fhe rightful Leirs] -

coveted, adj.; covetotts, ad,j.; covetously, ad,u.; covetousness, z.cupidiry (kyõõ pid/ e te)n. Greed; avarice.

A fother in Bolzoc's pere Goriof socrifices himself to sotisfy his dough-ter's cupidity for money ond power.

ú-'

ll49!O. PLACEBE,?LACU|, PLAC|TUM <L.,,ro pteqse,,PLAco, ptAcARE, pLAcAvi, pnóÀiülrr-.r'4Jrooth.,,12. complacent (kem plä/ sent) lcom <L.

intensifierladj. Self-satisfied; smug.

Complocent in their weolth, the eighteenth_cenfury French oristocrocy remo¡nãdunowore of the plight of the poor.

complacence, n.; complacency, n.;complacently, ada.

NOTA BENE: Make a distinction between compracent and compraisant,which means ',eager to do what pleases others.,,13' implacabre (ím plã/ke bel, Ìm pläk/ e ber) lim= in <L. ,,nor,,l

adj.Impossible to calm or uppèur".

Although often imprisoned, Emmerine ponkhurst wos on improcobrecrusoder for women,s right to vote in tnglonJ.Antonym: placableimplacabiliV, n.; implacableness, n.

14. placate (plarkat¡tr. a. To calm; to paci$; to appease.

Golileo tríed to plocote the cotholic.church in Rome by retrocting histheory thot fhe eorth revolv"d ororndlh;;..r r\vrrre v)

V

composure.

The usuolly plocid boy churned os the hurriconeopprooched.

placidity, n.; placidness, n.; placidly, adu.

4tTESSONS 5 AND ó: FEELINGS

EXERCISE ôA

EXERCISE ôB

circle the letter of the best slô{oNyM (the word or phrase most nearly

the same as the word in bold-faced type) '

1. a placid river a' sluggish b' polluted c' peaceful d' pathetic

e. raging2. a sd;inã of pathos a. pity b' harmony c' amity d' distrust

e. fear3. no empathy for acrophobics a' sympathy for b' amity with

c. curiäsiry about d. identification with e' patronage for

4. their comþlacent attitude a' aPathetic b' empathetic c' smug

d. odious e. Phobic

Circle the letter of the best ANTONYM (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type) '

5. a sudden antipathy a' 'dislike b' illness c' snack d' loathing

e.liking6.acovetedpositiona'stolenb.desired'c.fearedd.converted

e. rejected7. alniimptacable enemy a' calm b' incomprehensible

c. appeásable d. smug e' Pacific8. theiiapathetic response ^'

evgel b' suspicious c' pathetic

d. uninterested e. Pitiful9. their innate cupidity a' amorousness b' philandering

c. phitanthropy d' curiosity. e' fraternizing

10. toþu..t" u fåá a' imitate b' agitate c' pacrfy d' understand

e. escape

circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectlY.

1. a. Although she had seemed a confirmed misogamist' she

,r.re*p.lt.dly married in her sixties'

b. In spite of hís own misogamy, fVlr' Woodhouse consented to

Emina's marriage to Mr' Knightley'c. Misogamy decHäed when divorce laws were relaxed'

d. His ,ñi"og.-y includes all women, even his mother and sister'

2.a.Wisetraveler,stoprimitiveareascarrywaterpurificationtabletstoprevent dYsentery.

b. Sold.iers in the tränches during World War I contracted

dysentery as a result of poor sanitation'

c. Trekking ir, Ñãpul, she suffered terrible dysentery from the local

water.d. Explorers stationed at the remote dysentery were required to

cuiry uweek's rations at all times'

42 VOCABUI.ARY FROM CI.ASSICAI. ROOTS

EXERCISE óC

3. a. Despite her six marriages and recent engagement, she still claimsto be a misogynist.

b. Prejudice against women can be interpreted as a result ofrnisogyry.

c. Hisjokes betrayed a subtle misogyny that made his audienceuncomfortable.

d. He was such a misogynist that he refused to let the doctor set hisbroken leg because she was a woman.

4. a. Stirred by the pathos of thesettlemen't houses that offer

b. The pathos roused by Uncle Thorrors of slavery, helped fue

c. when the show was cancelled and tickets were not refunded, theaudience felt pathos.

d. victorious army in a speech of great

5. a :1åïX',:*:fJ, f,l;she was a

- pathological liar, unable to recognize her own falsehoods.b. Doctors found no pathorogicar explanation for the patient's

sudden paralysis.c. Police suspect a pathorogicar criminal in the recent crimes.d. Mother Teresa won the ñobel peace prize for her great

pathology toward the poor.

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 6. use aword or any of its forms only once.

-

1. l:_ru: diagnosed as when he still had- djfficulty reading in fifth grade.2. Having suffered eight conìecutive defeats, the members of the

team felt understandablytheir last game of the season.

3. Newspaper stories about the homeless evoke feelings ofrn many readers.

4. He remained a life-long bachelor, a(n)although he had many close women friends.

before

5. I do notmuch as the sarary that goes with it.

her position as director so

6. Even during bombing ráids, the nurse rem ined

and effrciently tended the wounded.7. In Wuthning Heighß,HeathclifFs

hatred could not be satisfied withgeneration of the Linton family.

revenge on only a single

43LESSONS 5 AND ó: FEEIINGS

.t"

clothes, and aPPlianceschildren fear the dark,

drove the couPle to acquirethan theY could ever use'

a child's insistence on having a

8.

9.more cars,Since most

night-light should not be considered

REVIEW EXERCISES IOR LESSONS 5 AND ó

circle the letter of the best answer to the following analogies and questrons

about roots and definitions'

1. Which Greekword means the same as Latin arnarù

u.. pnUan b. pathos c' misei'n d' phobos- -e'

placare

2. Wíti.n word is an antonym for Francoþhobe?

a. Francophile b' antipofranc c' Fiancopath d' Francodium

e. misofranco3. misanthroPe : PhilanthroPe :

a. biblioPhobe : biblioPhileb. þhobos: fearc. aPathy: emPathYd. dYs: Pathose. a'rnLCUS i arno

4. inimical: amicable: :

a. aPatfi: interestb. cuPid: lovec. pathological : diseased

d. misogYnist: womane. odious : without scent

5. Which word is not derived from þax' pa'cis'."peace"?

u. p..in.. b. pacifist c' pacific d' placid e' appease

2iig::ï','l:;å'J:3ilï.:,:î,1fi iiJ.ä',".äi.:Ñii::.'i'i.Ju"l1"ilthan once.

1. The discovery in 2000 of enture'

which sank in the Indianhistorians and archeologists t

. Kidd began his sailing career

ritish vessels in foreignand therefore was

I

(hostile) to government interests'

44VOCABUI.ARY FROM CLASSrcAI. ROOTS

owning property in New york and amassing considerable wealthmade him vulnerable to charges(avarice), especially in the latier

ofpart of his career. When his

government investors required a scaPegoat to(placate) factions in India, Kidd was hanged for piracy in I70l

2. In middle age, Emily Dickinson developed an(abnormal)

ldislike) for appearing inpublic. This quality, combined with her(love of books), led the poet, once known as the Belle ofAmherst,to spend the last years of her life in(calm) and peaceful seclusion.

Q trt'riting or Discussion Activitiesr,l. Describe rear-life situations in which you have experienced (or

observed someone erse experiencing) each of tnä ronoøng feerings.write one or rwo sentenc.ì fo. each"iituation. use the foil;wint -words in your answers.a. apathyb. empathyc. xenophobiad. antiparhye. amity

2. write a dialogue between a dissatisfied. customer and the manager ofsome kind of business. Let their discussion reach some clearconclusion. use at reast five of these words (or some form of them)in your dialogue.pacily inimical complacentplacate odious placidappease amity amicable

LESSONS 7 AND 8

rEssoN 7

Challenge Wordmajor-domo

Creature Comforts

Hic . . . mollesque sub arbore somni'

Here [are] soft slumbers under a [ree'-vIRGIL

DOMUS <1. "house"

1. domicile (döm/ e sil, döm'e sel, döm/ e sil)

n. A home; residence.

A condominium complex moy contoin mony sePo-

rote domiciles, ofÌen of different sizes

ond designs.

2. domestic (da més/ tîk)ad,j.l. Related to the family or household'

ablutiondelugedivestdomaindomestic

KeyWordsdomiciledomineerdominiondormantinvestiture

somnambulatesomnolenttravestyvestedvestment

45

46

Challenge Wordsdemesneduenna

VOCABUTARY FROM CI.ASSICAT ROOTS

As our oss¡gned domesfic chore, my brother ond r do the roundry.2.Tame; trained to live with humans.

ln lndic¡, elephonts ore domestic onimqls used for lifting heovy loods.3. Indigenous to a particular country; native.

?fl::|r blue cheese resembres rtorion gorgonzoro ond Engrish srirroncneeses.

domesticall¡ ad,a.; dornesticate, z.

DOMINUS <1. "heod of household,,,"lord," "moster,,

3. domain (do mãn/)n. Range of one's control; territory.The sondbox ond sliding boords on ourployground ore the kindrergortners, domqin

4. dornineer (döm'e nîrr)tr. and intr. a. To dominate; to be bossy.

D.ovi{ Copperfield's stepfother, Mr.Murdstone, domineers both Dovid odomineering, adj.

dominion (de min/ yen)n. Control; rule; area of influence.

5f ir"W::,'å'W:î1,]' rree their countrv rrom the dominion or Germony

DORMIO, DORMIRE, DORMIVI, DORMIT|,|M <1. ,,ro sleep,,

6. dormant (dôr, ment)adj. Asleep; not in an active srate.

Grondmo Moses' orfistic tolent loy dormont until she begon fo point otoge seventy.

SOMNUS <1. "sleep"

nd his gentle mother

5.

I somn¿unbulate (söm näm, bye lãt)intr. u. To walk while sleeping.

lamhulare <L. "to walk around"]

Alli:yglr roly.children somnombulore, mosr ourgrow rhis ínvorunroryoctivity by odulthood.

somnarnbulation, rL.; sornnambulism, ??.; somnambulist, n.

Words

47TESSONS 7 AND 8: CREATURE COMFORTS

Challenge Wordslavabolavagelave

8. somnolent (söm/ne lant)adj.1. Drowsy; sleepY.

We grew somnolent ofter our long hike in

the snow.

2. Causing sleeP.

A worm both before bedtime hos o somnolent

effect.

LAVO, LAVARE, LAVI, LAUTUM <1. "to wosh"

9. ablution (ã bIõõ/shen) lab <L'"awayfrom"]-n. Washing of the body, especially as a ritual purifìcation'

Most mosques hove o centrol fountoin where worshipers perform oblu'

tions before enlering to ProY'

10. deluge (dël/yüj) lde <L' "from," "àway from"]n. A downPour; a great flood'

When the dom broke, on entire villoge downstreom wos destroyed in

the deluge.

tr. a.To flood.

Reporters deluged Amelio Eqrhort with requests for interviews ofter her

historic tronsotlontic flight.

VESTIS <1. "gorment"

11. divest (di vëst/, di vést/) ld,i = d,e <L. "from," "àwày from'_l_

tr. u. !.To take away something belonging to someone' especially a

right, title, or propertyl to dispossess'

After the Russiqn Revolution of 1912, members of the nobility were

¿iu"rtud of oll titles ond colled "citizen" like everyone else'

2. To strip away, especially clothes'

Once Rosolind hod divested herself of her disguise, the bonished duke

immediotely recognized her os his doughter'

divestrnent, z'; divestiture, n'

12. investiture (ín vés' te choor') lin <L' "in"f

r¿. A ceremorry in which a pers)n formally receives the authority and

symbols of an office.

At her investilure os o Girl Scout, the Brownie received o pin ond mem-

bership cord.

investitive, ødi.

48 VOCABUTARY FROM CI.ASSICAL ROOTS

13. travesty (träv'i ste) ftra= trans <L. "across" (indicating change)]n. An absurd or inferior imitation.

The senior skit wos o hilorious trovesty of o foculty meeting.travesty, u.

14. vesûnent (vëst, ment)n. Agarment that indicates position orauthority, especially the robès worn by clergy.

The simple woolen veslmenl ond sondols ofFronciscon friors reflect their vow of poverty.

15. vested (vës/ tid)adj. L

perso' A concern for something from which a person expects to getnal benefit (used wittr intnest).

EXERCISE 7A

The, iudge disquolified herself becouse os the defendont,s mother shehod o vesled interest in lhe cose.

2. Dressed, especially in vestments.

An orchestro is troditionolly vested in formol evening dress.

3. Absolute; without question.

All odult Americon citizens hove the vested right to vote.

circle the letter of the best slatroNr/Nf (the word. or phrase most nearlythe same as the word in bold-faced gpe). I

l' such dangerous somnambulation a. arcoholism b. passivity

^ c. sleep-walking d. overeating e. domestication2. l tr.avelty-ofjustice. a. mockeìy b. imitation c. stripping away

d. domicile e. violation3. perform ablutions a. purifications b. prayers c. investitures

d. festivals e. rituals4. a peculiar domicile a. place to sleep b. place to live

c. dominion d. refuge e. authoriÇ

circle the letter of the best ANToNI&I.(the word or phrase most nearlyopposite the word(s) in bold-faced type).

5. their dorma't interest a. destructive b. somnolent c. active

^ d. undeveloped e. domineering6. vested in coronation robes a. w:earing b. divested of c. weighed

down by d. invested in e. made unðomfortable by

49LESSONS 7 AND 8: CREATURE COMFORTS

?. a(n) somnolent lion a. meat-eating b' sleepy c' alert

d. domesticated e. aged

8. of domestic manufacture a. home-made b' foreign c' cosy

d. peculiar e. unknown

EXERCISE 78 Circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectlY'

l. a. We are deluged with orders in December'

b. Our only bridge was sweptaway in the deluge'

c. For forty days Ñoah's family waited for the Deluge to Pass'

d. Don't aêhge yourself: there's never a weekend withouthomework.

2.a.Shehasatendencytodomineerincommitteemeetings'b. We need someoné who can lead the class without domineering'

c. May I domineer your bike this afternoon?

d. Many adolescents rebel against a domineering parent'

3. a. Thoíghful campers takJcare not to let the soap from their

ablutions get into streams or rivers'b. The ablutions would not rem )ve the grass stains from her jeans'

ons became a solemn court event.

ic oracle to ask advice, Greekons in the Castillian SPring'all aPartment, it is mY domain'

b. I refuse to let you domain me any longer!c. unfortunate$ these back problems are not my domain; let me

recommend an orthoPedic surgeon'd. Serfs were not allowed to leav¡ the domain of their lord without

permission.5. a. ilveryone has a vested interest in the community's quality of

education'b. In the graduation procession faculty members are vested in

academic gowns and hoods.

c. ,Accordin[ to the authority vested in me by tL. state, I pronounce

you husbañd and wife," said theJustice of the Peace'

d. 'speculators who vested their money in electronics made great

fortunes.6. a. Following land reform laws in the 1950s, wealthy landowners in

China were subjected to forced divestrnent of their estates'

b. To avoid confliäts of interest, cabinet members must divest

themselves of all other positions'c. Pathological liars divesi the rselves of every shred of credibility'

d. Try notio let the noise outside divest your attention from the

examination.

50

EXERCISE 7C

VOCABUTARY FROM CIASSICAL ROOTS

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 7. use aword or any of its forms only once.

-

l. Bulbs planted during the fall remainuntil spring.

2. The mitre, a tall, pointed hat, is part of a bishop,s

3. Greek temples such as the parthenon were built as

for the deities.

4, At her as chancellor of theuniversity, she received the traditionar staff of offìce.5. Lady Macbeth, who walks through the castle washing her hands inher sleep, is perhaps the most famousin literature.

6. That student is fortunate who is as comfortable in the

of math and science as in that of the humanities.7. The armies of Alexander the Great established

over the entire Middle East.

rEssoN8Mens sine pondere ludit.The mind is playful when free from pressure

COQUO, COQUERE, COXI, COCTUM<1. "to cook"

1. concoct (ken kõkt/) lcon= curm <L. *with"]tr. u.I. To mix ingredients, as in cooking.

We concocted o solod of exotic fruits.

2. To invent or devise.

alludecarnivorouscollusionconcoctcuisine

KeyWordsdelusioneludeherbivorousimbibemellifluous

potablepotionprecocioussalinevoracious

LESSONS 7 AND 8: CREATURE COMTORTS 5l

The friends tried to concoct o method for sending messoges between

their houses.

concoction, z.

2. cuisine (krvi zënl)n. lv characteristic style of cooking'

Mexicon cuisine relies on corn, beons, chicken, beef, ond chiles

g. precocious (pri kõ/ shes) lþre= prae <L' "before"]'a¿j. Showi'g r--lrtrrully early development, especially mentally

Some precocious children con reod ot oge three'

precocity, n.

VORO, VORARE, VORAVI, VORATUM <1. ,,tO dCVOUT,,

4. carnivorous (kär niv'er es) lcaro, camis <L' "flesh"]

adj.Meat-eating.

Lions ond other cornivorous onimols hove diets primorily of meot

carnivore, n.

5. herbivorous (hûr biv'er es) lhnba <L' "plant"l

adj. Plant-eating'

Horses ond cows ore herbivorous onimols'

herbivore, n.

NorA BENE: Vorare Provides the suffix -uore, "eater of," and -uorous,

"eating, " which are used to indicate what a creature eats In this lesson

you have camiaorous (caro <L. "flesh") and herbiuorous (herb <L

"plant") . An omniaore otnni <L. "a\l"), such as a human being, eats all

kinds of food. Other less frequent combinations include graniaorous(

(gúnutn <L. "grain"), "grain-eating"; insectiuorous, "insect-eating

arrd pisciaorous (pi,sci <L. "fish" ), "fish-eating."

6. voracious (vô rãt shes, vâ rãl shes)

ad,j.l. ExtremelY hungry; greedY'

The bockpockers hod vorocious oppetites ofter

hiking oll doy.

2.Eager for some activity or interest'

A vorqcious reoder of science fiction, she hod

reod lhe librory's enïire collection.

voracity, n.

52 VOCABUTARY FROM CTASSICAT ROOTS

Challenge Worddesalinate

Challenge Wordbibber

7

ME[, MEttlS <1. "honey"

mellifluous (me lif/ loo es) jtune <L. ,,to flow"]adj. Sweet as honey (referring to voice or words).The orio ended with o mellifluous blend of soprono ond flute

SAL <1. "solt"

8. saline (sã'lën, sã/hn)adj. Havtng to do with salt.

Freshwoter onimols connot survive in q sqline environmenf

BIBO, BIBERE, BIBI, BIBITUM<1. "to drink"

f. imbibe (im bib/)tr. u.l. To drink.

lim= in <L. "in," "inside"]

The Olympiol -go.d¡

of Greek myrhology eorombrosio ond imbibe nector.

2. To absorb; ro take in.

The best woy ro imbibe woodworking technique is to wotch onexpert corpenter.

imbiber, n.

POTO, POTARE, POTAVI, POTUM <1. ,,ro drink,,

10. potable (po'te bel)adj.Fit to drink.

Becouse o chemicol spill hod contominoted locol wells, the woter wqsnot potoble for severol weeks.

11. potion (põ/ shen)n. Aliquid for drinking, especially a medicinal, magic, or poisonousdrink.

once Triston ond lsolde dronk the mogic potion, they fell deeply inlove.

[UDO, LUDERE, [USl, IUSUM <1. ,,ro ploy,,

12. allude (e lõõd/) fal= ad, <L. ,,to," ,,toward,']intr. a. To make an indirect reference to.

LESSONS 7 AND 8: CREATURE COMFOR'TS 53

Challenge Wordsillusiveillusoryinterludeludicrouspostlude

EXERCISE 8A

We sometimes ollude to Shokespeore os the Bord of Strotford-upon-

Avon.

allusion, n.; alhsive, adj.

13. collusion (ke loo'zhen) lcol= cum <L' '\,vith," "together"]n. A secret agreement for a deceitful purpose; conspiracy.

Auditors discovered collusion by the monogers in on ottempt todefroud the compony.

, collude, u.; col\tsive, ad,j.

14. delusion (dÍ lõõ/ zhen, di lyõõ'z}ren) lde <L. "from," "awzy

from"]n.l. Afalse belief or opinion, especially one held in spite of contra-dictory evidence.

Even ofter she ployed three yeors in the \^/NBA, her porents moin-

toined their delusion thot she would be o surgeon.

2. A deception.

The pigs in George Orwell's AnînolForm foster the delusion thot they

deservã speciol privileges forbidden other onimols.

delude, u.; deluded, adj.; delusioned, adi.

15. elude (ï 1õõd') le= ex <L. "from," "out of']tr. u.l. To avoid or escape from by cunning; to evade.

The bondits eluded their pursuers.

2. To escape detection; to baffle'

The solution to thot moth problem eludes me.

elusion, n.; elusive, ødj.

NoTABENE: Don't confuse deludeand elude.If something deludesyou,

it tricks or misleads you. False advertising, for example, may deludeyou by misrepresenting a product. If something eludesyou, you can'tgrasp it, eithèr literally (The escaped canary eluded capture) or fig-uratively (The solution to this equation eluded the class).

Circle the letter of the best SY|{ONYM (the word or phrase most nearlythe same as the word in bold-faced type).

l. to concoct a plan a. spoil b. put together c' discoverd. explain e. improve

2. anunsuspected collusion a. collision b. combinationc. cooperation d. diffìculty e' conspiracy

54 VOCABUTARY FROM C]ÂSSICAL ROOTS

EXERCISE 8B

3. a(n) mellifluous name a. smoothly flowing b. affectionatec. famous d. short e. long

4. a fabulous potion a. drink b. inheritance c. jewel d. share ofsomething e. ruler

5. appreciate French cuisine a. wine b. cooking methods c. tasted. fashion design e. kitchens

Circle the letter of the best ANTONYM (the word or phrase mosr nearlyopposite the word in bold-faced type).

6. make the medicine more potable a. elusive b. transportablec. effective d. undrinkable e. stable

7. a cruel delusion a. plot b. truth c. evasion d. suggestione. deception

8. the voracious theatergoer a. eager b. critical c. domineeringd. somnolent e. indifferent

Circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectly.

t-1. a. Give him sorrle vegetables, herbs, and cream, and he'll concoct a

tasty souP.b. You concoct me every time I start to say something.c. \,Ve're concocting a surprise party for the twins.d. This lofu concoction tastes like ice cream but contains no milk.

2. a. T}re meaning of their winks and nudges eluded me completely.b. Hiding in the "SecretAnnex," Anne Frank's family eluded the

Nazis for two years.c. The Scarlet Pimpernel, Baroness Orczy's crafqt hero, proved so

eh¡sive that he was never detected by French officials.d. She waited for her parents to make some eh¡sion to the dented

fender.3. a. Despite his distaste for collusion, Brutus joined Cassius's plot

against Caesar.b. Stalin's fear of collusion within the Communist party led him to

arrest even long-time party members during the 1930s.c. By this delicate surgery a patient's heart colh¡sion can be

repaired.d. Working in collusion with the Allies during World War II, the

French Resistance prepared for the invasion of Normandy.

TESSONS 7 AND 8: CREATURE COMFORTS 55

EXERCISE 8C

4. a. He imbibed a strong sense of Southern tradition from hisgrandmother.

b. No soda, thank you; I never imbibe sugary drinks.c. She felt great urgency to imbibe as much of Rome as possible

during her brief visit.d. I imbibed a few cookies to keep from starving before lunch.

5. a. Saline lake water is not potable.b. Cucumbers preserved in a saline solution become pickles.c. Although her saline interruptions irritated the speaker, they

raised interesting points.d. Objects float more easily in 5alins waters.

6. a. Despite her mathematical precocity, she is socially immature.b. Anthropologists have noted a trend toward precocious

adolescence among South Sea islanders.c. Tutored by his father, English philosopherJohn Stuart Mill had

the precocious ability to ffanslate Greek at the age of four.d. Because the soufflé was still precocious when removed from the

oven, it fell into a soggy mass.7. a. After my low test scores, I have no delusions about becoming

valedictorian.b. Only delusions of grandeur could lead a beginner like her to

challenge a grand master in chess.c. Extreme desert heat can create an optical delusion known as a

Fata Morgana.d. You are deluded if you think I'm going to lend you my new

sweater.

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 8. Use a

word or any of is forms only once.

l. Fierce teeth and claws identif Tyrannosaurus Rex as a(n)

who preyed on other animals.2. Although everyone else greatly enjoyed it, I did not think the

Tibetan tea made with salt and yak butter was3. The crowd listened rapturously to soprano Leontyne Price's

voice.

4. After two months at sea, the sailors werefor fresh fruits and vegetables.

5. Giraffes are

-,

feeding on mimosa andacacia trees.

5ó VOCABULARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

9. The proud parents took every opportunity toto their daughter's successful career.

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR TESSONS 7 AND 8

6. Friar Lawrence gaveJuliet a(n) thatwould make her fall into a death-like sleep for several days after shedrank it.

7. Dutch , which has been influencedby the Netherlands' Asian colonies, includes many curry and ricedishes.

8. That lecture was so disorganized that the point of it simplyme.

Circle the letter of the best answer to the following analogies and questionsabout roots and definitions.

l. dormire: laaare: :

a. sleep: eatb. dormitory:lavatoryc. bibne: þotared. mel: honeye. eat: sleep

2. þotare: water : :

a. dornire: sleepb. aorare: breadc. coquere: pafrd. ludere:deludee. laaare: water

3. Which word is not derived from ludere?

a. collusion b. illusion c. prelude d. ablution e. allude4. Which root is not related to drinking or eating?

a. coqusre b. aorare c. fu,d,ere d. þotare e. bibere

5. Which root is defined incorrectly?à. sotnnus <L. "sleep"b. ludne <L. "to play"c. bibere <L. "to drink"d. domus <L. "dome"e. uestis <L. "garment"

I

57rEssoN S 7 AND 8: CREATURE COMFORTS

'lsubstitutetheappropriatewordfromLessonsTorSforeachwordorZ ;iläilp;rl"ü.r.ä in the following paragraphs. No word is used more

than once.

1. Although a semiliterate peasant' Rasputin came to

(dominate ) ttre ,= (household life) of the

Russian ir"p.ii.r ru-ily. rr* Tsarina Alexandra held to the

:i:;n":lîï:':iËn;"'Ï:In.'incurablehemophitia'AppalledbyRasputin'smisuseofpower,

courtiers frnally (conspired) to have

him assassinated.

2. In the (field) of televised cooking

."p.r", several men and women have become nationally acclaimed

for their creative (inventions)

(Greedy) viewers never mrss Programs

offering novel ideas for the kitchen. Cultural historians credit these

TV cooking shows with having radically altered the American

(stYle of food PreParation) '

3 Writing or Discussion Activities

2. Write a sentence for each of the following words or phrases'

describing a situation in which you or someone else could be

described as

a. being in collusion.b. deluded.c. having a vested interested in something

d. having a dormant talent'e. domineering.

58VOCABUTARY FROM CI.ASSICAI. ROOTS

3' In this passage from Macbeth, shakespeare describes three witchesconcocting a magic potion:

First Witch: Round about the cauldron go;In the poisoned entrails throw.Toad, that under cold stone

lays and nights has thirry_oneSweltered venom sleeping got,Boil thou first in the charinld pot.

All: Double, double toil and trouble:Fire burn, and cauldr.;;;;i;.

Second Witch: Fillet of a fenny snake,In the cauldron boil and take;Eye of newt, and toe of frog,Wool of bat, and tongu. ofdog,Adder's fork, and bliñd_worm,õ sting,Lizard's leg, and howlet's *i.g_For a charm of powerful trouËle,Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.

All: Double, double toil and trouble;Fire burn, and cauldron bubble.

th of wolf,ulf

edark....All: Double, double toil and trouble;

Fire burn, and cauldron bubble.Invent your own concoction using ingredients available in the con-temporary world.

i ts that would go into your concoction.u. prepare the brew.c. ffect the potion is supposed to have.

rEssoNs 9 AND l0

Directions

The Flead

1. Determine how the Latin or Greek root is related in meaning and

spelling to each defined-KEY-word that follows it'2. i.u..rih. pronnnciation and definition(s) of each KEYword, and

notice how the words are used in sentences'

3. Practice using the varied forms of KEYwords'4. Build your kñowledge with all the information given: Latin mottoes,

Familiar Words, Chillenge Words, and Nota Bene references.

5. Complete the exercises.

rEssoN 9Frons est animi janua.The face is the door of the soul.-QUINTUS cIcERo

affrontcapitalistcapitulationcerebralcerebration

KeyWordsconfrontdecapitatedefaceeffaceeffrontery

facadefacetprecipiceprecipitaterecapitulation

ót

62 VOCABUTARY FROM CTASSICAT ROOTS

Challenge WordscaP-a-precapitationper capita

CAPUL CAPITIS <1. "heod"

l. capitalist (käp'e tel ist)n.l. Aperson who has invested personal wealth in business.

Hoving completed his first outomobile in 18g2, Henry Ford went on tobecome o copitolist in the Ford Motor Compony.

2. A very wealthy person.

som.e c"pitolists, such os Glorio swonson, become weolthy by octingin silent films.

capitalism, n.; capitalistic, adj.; capitalize, u.

2, capitulation (ke pïch' õõ lãlshen)n. Surrender; ending resistance.

Fomine forced the besieged city's copitulotion.

capitulate, z.

3. decapitate (di käp'e tãt) lde <L. ',from,,' ,,awayfrom,,]

tr. u.To cut offthe head of; to behead.

ln 1793 the French revolutionories decopitoÌed Louis XVl.

4. precipice (prës/e pis) Lþt=prae <L."before"]n. A,very steep or vertical face of a cliff orrock.

lnexperienced climbers should noÌ try to scolethe precipice.

2. The edge of a dangerous situation.

The notion stood on the precipice of wor.

iÌ+-

5. precipitate (pri rÞta tãt) lpre= þrae <L. "before"ltr, u. L, To throw down from a great height.

The eorthquoke precipitoted boulders into the conyon.

2.To make happen suddenly or quickly.

ln 1955 Roso Porks-precipitoted civil rights demonstrotions byosserting the right of blocks to sit in front seqts of buses.

NorA BENE: The verb preciþitate can also mean to cause condensationin the form of rain or snow, i.e., precipitation.

ó3TESSONS 9 AND l0: THE HEAD

6

ad'j. (prí sÏp/ e tet') Speeding along heedlessly; headstrong'

Juliet is precipifofe in deciding to morry Romeo ofter knowing him only

o few hours.

precþitant, ad,j. ar.id' n' ; precþitati oî, n'; precþitous' ødj'

recapihrlation (ré ke pich' -o. lã'shen) lre <L. "back," "again"]

n. 1. the restatement of a main ic ea'

The instructor's recopitulotion during lhe lecture helped the students

understond the complex mothemoticol theory'

2. A summary ü concise review'

your recapitulation of the movie's plot convinces me I ought to see it'

recapr n. and u'; recaPitulatet a'

CEREBRUM <1. "broin"

7. cerebral (sër e/brel)

ad,j.L. Pertaining to the brain'

The cerebrql lumor required opening the skull for delicote surgery

2. Intellectual.

She prefers cerebrol conversqtions to oimless chotter'

8.

cerebrum, n.

cerebration (sër e brã/shen)n.The action of thinking; thought'

Philosopher Honnoh Arendt provoked

scholoriy cerebrotion ond controversy on

,u"h suɡe"ts os iustice, morolity, ond the

noture of evil.

cerebrate, u.

FACIES <1. "foce," "Íorm," "shoPe"

9. deface (di fás') lite <L' "from," "away to*"L .

tr. a.Tomar or spoil the aPpearance or surface of (something)'

Air pollution from tourist buses hos begun to defqce the monoliths of

Stonehenge in southern Englond'

defacementr n.

ChallengeWordscerebellumcerebral cortexcerebral palsy

64 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAL ROOTS

Challenge Wordsfacingprima facie

10. efface (i fas/) fe= ex <L. ,,from," ,,out ofl']tr.

_u-. .7. To wipe out; to obliterate. AIso, to make less clear, as if

rubbing out.

Time hos not effoced the horror of the Holocoust.

2. To make oneself inconspicuous.

celebrities sometimes try to effoce themselves in o crowd when theytire of constont ottention.

11. facade (fe säd')n.7. Aface of a building.

The Copitol in Woshington, D.C., hos oneoclossic rl focode.

2. The face or fronr of anything, especiallyan artificial or false front.

Her focode of poverty conceoled o lifeof fortune.

12. facet (fäs/ iQn. 1. One of the many sides of a cut stone or jewel.

Gems with o "brilliont" cut hove fifty-eight focets.

2. One aspect of a situation, or of a tooth.: ln her outobiog.rophy Moyo Angelou reveors the mony focets of her

personolity ond experience.

FRONS, FRONTIS <1. "front ," "foteheed,,, ,,fece,,

13. affront (e frúnt') LaÍ= ad <L. ,,to," ,,toward"]tr. u. To insult intentionally; to offend or embarrass.

A.guesf's osrentotiously bod toble monners moy offront the hosts ondother guests.

n. An insult or offensive act.

People sometimes mistoke constructive criticism for o personol offront.

',/

Challenge Wordfrontispiece

t4. confront (ken frünt/) lcon= cum <L.,,with"]tr. u.1. To stand or come directly in front of.

It is usuolly more productive to confronl obstoclesthon to pretend they don't exist.

2.To face with defiance or hostility.

ô5TESSONS 9 AND l0: THE HEAD

EXERCISE 9A

EXERCISE 9B circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectþ

TheConfederoteforcesconfronledtheNortherntroopswithoborroge of ortillery fire'

confrontatiot\ n'

15. effrontery (i frún'te rë) le= ex <L' "from"' "out of']

n. Flippant or insulting boldness; audacity'

Theyhodtheeffrontrerytopushoheodofmeinlineondthenrobuythe lost tickets.

CircletheletterofthebestSY|{ON\M(thewordorphrasemostnearþih. ,urrr. as the word in bold-faced type)'

l. aterloo a' resentment b' surrender

e. confusion

2. b' affront c' Provide d' ignore

e. erase3. concentrated cerebration a' searching b' effort c' thought

d. enjoYment e' memorizatson

4. ; Jå;Pitate the offender a' dehumanize b' behead

c. undercut d' capture e' remove the hat of

5. the effronteryîi.är"r... people a. discourresy b. adoration

c. honestY d' silliness e' disPlaY

CircletheletterofthebestANToNYlvl(thewordorphrasemostnearlyopposice the word in bold-faced type) '

6. a spectacular facade a' front b' back c' shape d' profile

e. face7. anunexPected affront a' actof kindness b' scolding

c. challenge d' insult e' escaPe

8. to deface ttre staiue a' carve b' mask c' disfigure d' name

e. rePair9. to confront the attackers a' taunt b' retreat from c' confuse

d. face e. criticize10. a precipitate remark a' hasty b' rash c' thoughtful

d.-antiôiPated e' selÊeffacing

1. a. The jeweler carefully cut each,facet of the sapphire'

b. The young utnf"it cíaimed to be especially goõd at the facet of

discus-throwing

66VOCABUTARY FROM CI.ASSICAI. ROOTS

c' A bio-grapher must explore every facet of the subject,s life.d. The facets of a grasshàpp.r,, eye are visible onþ under amicroscope.2. a. several guests who received a last-minute recapitulation to thepar!l decided not to attend.

b' we expect a recture to concrude when the speaker begins torecapitulate the main points.c. A study of history r.u.àr. that events are often a recapituration ofthe past.

^ d' lecapitulation of melody is an important element in music.3' a' Behind a facade of confidence the young g-ymnast quivered withanxiety.b' The salesclerk recommended a washable facade to protect myclothing.c' visitors to Hoilywood film studios are often surprised to seemansions and main streets that have

""ty fu"uàã".d' The facades of Gothic cathedrals are oftLn d..orat.d with statues

4. a.

b. ectston.

Archduchess sophie in sarajevo, yugostavi", nr"JÍil;:Í #*,0War I.to melt, experts often save lives by

precipitate the future.the principle of the black hole

b.c' games'

d. rrcr

6. a. bodY'had the

b. The marathon runner,s trademark-w1h_er orange effrontery.c' A reporter had the effrontery to ask the hostess írn., diamondswere real.

ridegroom in China would be

iff:i:åîå'#3::Hä:i;ïåb' Decades of harsh weather had effaced the names on thetombstones..

k.îlrdo da Vinci somerimes effaced drawings by painting over

d' The preservation society effaced the historic house with paint ofthe original color.

67TESSONS 9 AND l0: THE HEAD

EXERCISE 9C

a(n)

2. The

3. To

5. The

public sPectacle gave Power4. Scholars can thank the com

to the revolutionists.puter for saving them maîY hours of

and computatlon'

attributed his wealth to thriftY

Filt in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 9' Use a

word or any of its forms onIY once'

1. Even skilled mountaineers may feel some fear when they look up at

theY are about to climb'

of the White Flouse is a PoPular

subject for PhotograPhers.political offenders by guillotine as a

progenitors, wise investments, and good luck'

6. The army sergean t declared that anY laPse of discipline among the

new recruits rvould be a Personal

TE Nr0

Challenge Wordsoratorioorotundperoration

Oratm fit, poeta nascitur.An orator is made; a poet is born

SUPERCIIIUM <L. "eyebrow"t. supercirious (soo' per sïl'e as) lsuper <L. "above" + cilium <L.

"eyelid." (A lifted eyebrow conveys an impression of haughtiness.)]adj. Disdainful; haughty and aloof.

The cosuolly dressed newcomers received supercilious looks from theother guests ot the formol porty.

superciliously, adu.; superciliousness, 7¿.

OS, OR|S <1. "mouth"ORO, ORARE, ORAVI, ORATUM <1. ,,to

speok,,2. inexorable (ïn ëk'ser e bel) Lin <L.,,Írot,,ex <L.,,o't,,,,,forth"]

ad,j. Relentless; unyielding.

Arctic explorers respect the inexoroble force of winter storms.

3. oracle (ôr'e kel, ö're kel)n.l. A shrine where the ancient Greeks consulted one of their godsfor advice or prophecy.

The orocle ot Eleusis wos socred to the goddess Demeter.

2. A prophecy made at such a shrine.

An orocle sometimes come in the form of o thunder clop or o flight ofbirds.

3. A person who transmits prophecy from a deity.

The orocle_of,Apollo ot Delphi wos o succession of young womenknown os Pythio.

disgorgegargantuangargoylegorgeindentation

KeyWordsindentureinexorableoracleorationorifice

orthodontistosculateregurgitatesupercilioustrident

ô8

69IESSONS I AND l0: THE HEAD

Challenge Wordsdentindentitionindention

4. A person or thing regard'ed as able to give wise guidance'

She is considered o stock morket orocle'

oraculat, adj.

4. oration (õ ra'shen)n. Anaddress or formal speech given on a special occasion'

ln l gó3 Mortin Luther King, Jr. stirred civil righls supporters with his "l

Hou" o Dreom" ororion oüh" Lincoln Memoriol'

orate, u.; orator, n'.; oratorical, adi'; otatory; n'

S. orifice (ôr'e ñs, ôr'ï fÌs) l-f'ce <L'fi'cneotfactre"'tomake"l

n. A mouth or vent; an oPening'

Flomes erupted from the orifice of the greot volcono'

6. osctrlate (ös/ kya lat) losculum <L'

"kiss"]tr. arrd intr. u. To kiss (usually used

playfullY).

The newlyweds osculoted under the mistletoe'

osculation, n.

DENS, DENTIS <1. "tooth"

7. indentation (ín' dën tã'shen) lin <L' "in"l

n. A cut or notch'

Fiords ore norrow wolerwoys formed by deep indentotions of lond

oiong the Norwegion coost'

8. indenture (in dén'cher) lin <L'"in'" (Indenturetakesits

meaning from tt* p"ttitá of cutting a document in half with

identiffing "";l;J"; by making idãntical notches in copies of

a contract') ]n. 1. Awritten contractbetween two Partres'

The indenture estoblished eoch portner's responsibililies'

2. (usually plural) An agreement binding an apprentice to work for

a master.

The indentures stoted the length of the workers' opprenticeship'

tr. a.'1o bind by written contract'

Mony eorly immigronts indentured themselves to poy for their possoge

To Americo.

70

Challenge Wordperiodontal

VOCABUI.ARY FROM CI.ASSICAT ROOTS

9. trident (trid /ent) ltri = tres <L. ,.three,,]

n. A long three-pronged fork or weapon.The Romon god Nepfune, known to theGreeks os Poseidon, is often pictured withhis trident.

ODON, ODONTOS <G. ,,rooth,'

10' orthodontist (ôr' the dön/tist) [artho <G. ,,straight,,, ,,correct,,]n. A speciarist who corrects irr gurarly positionJ^,.Ërrr.The orthodontisÌ expertly fitted broces on my teeth.

orthodontia, n.; orthodontics, n.

GURGES, GURGITIS <1.',throet,',,,whirlpool,,11. gorge (Sô4)

n' L' A 9r.p, narrow passage with rocky sides, enclosed betweenmountains.

Negotioting both gorges ond precipices, Gerfrude Benhom becomerne Írrst womon to climb Mount Kilimonioro.

2. Gluttonous eating.

Mony people go on diets ofter o gorge during the holidoys.3. A feeling of nausea (used with rise).

The smell of decoy mode my gorge rise.

intr. a.1. To eat greedily.

After o doy of strenuous crimbing in the Hímoroyos, the teom gorgedon chocolote.

2. To fill full; to sruff.

Europeon museums ore gorged with tourists, especioily in the summer.12. disgo,rge (dïs -g^ôrj/) ldis <L.,,awayfrom,,, ,Ápart,l

tr. u. 7. To expel from the throat or stomach; to vomit.The boby disgorged the morble it hod swollowed.

2. To discharge violently.

Rocks ond lovo disgorged by fhe Howoíion vorcono Mouno Loo hoveincreosed the size of tlie mountoin.

7lLESSONS 9 AND t0: THE HEAD

13. gargantuan (gär gän'chõ-o en)"aa¡lOf immenie siÃ; gigantic. (This word is based on the name ofthä legendary giant Gãrgantua, whose name Francois Rabelais

used iir his satire Gargantuaabout a character who had enormous

intellectual and physical appetites. Although this word is notdirectly linked with classic-aiLatirlj its literary association and

surmisêd derivation frorn gurgeswarrant it a place here')

According to legend, the giont lumberiock Po.u.l Bunyon creoted the

Greot Lok"es so Ëis gorgon-tuqn blue ox would hove sufficient drinking

woter

14.

Look up high for gorgoyles on the Cothedrol

of Notre-Dome in Poris.

EXERCISE I OA

15. regurgitate (rë gûr'je tãt') lre <L'"back," "again"]tr. a.1.To cause to pour back or cast up partially digested food;

to vomit.

Some birds regurgitote semi-digested food to feed their young.

2. To rush or surge back.

We wotched the seo coves regurgitote the tide'

Circle the letter of the best SlürlONYlVf (the word or phrase most nearly

the same as the word in bold-faced type)'

l. to osculate a. waver b. slap c. kiss d' float e' whisper

2. a substantial indentur" u. tet of false teeth b. bite c. apprentice

d. contract e. cut in PaY3. a powerful oration a. debate b. shout c' speech

d. explanation e. monologue

Circle the letter of the best ANTONY1\4 (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type).

4. a(n) gargantuan appetite a. literary b' dainty c' moderate

d. carnivorous e. enormous

72 VOCABUTARY FROM CIASS¡CAI. ROOTS

5. tg disgorge a piece of bone a. break b. spit out c. digestd. gnaw e. scrape

6. a supercilious manner a. disdainful b. questioning c. comicd. humble e. derached

7. a(n) inexorable decree a. flexibre b. unyielding c. unwised. oracular e. outspoken

8. to gorge at a banquet a. cough b. feer sick c. chatter d. eatlightly e. mingle

EXERCISE I OB circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectly

l. a. The doctor forced the picnickers to regurgitate the poisonousmushrooms they had eaten.

b. Make an argument; don'tjc. She returned to the airlined. Baby cond.ors feed on materi

reg'rgitated'

2. a. Foilôwers of the goddessArt liTä",.*;.at Ephesus.

b. cassandra's oracular warning about Greek treachery was ignoredby the Trojans, who were co.rsequently defeated.

c. In ancient Greece the oracle supplied'divine inspiration that was,however, often mysterious

d. The new cereal featured oracre-sized granures of wheat.3. a. Because the merger of the two corpoádons was so complicated,

the indenture was many pages long.b. After serving as an apprentice, the young carpenter reclaimed his

indentures and set up his own shop.c. The indenture restored land to Naìive Americans to whom it had

once belonged.d. rndentures need to be carefully fìtted by a dentisr to make

chewing easier.4. a. After their angry confrontation, the debaters felt an icy gorge of

hatred rise between them.b. The hungry patrons anticipated gorging themselves at the all-you-

can-eat restaurant.c. Reading about the indiscriminate slaughter of gray whales made

my gorge rise.d. Fossils excavated from olduvai Gorge offer evidence that our

ancestors had their beginnings in Africa.5. a. visitors wait eagerly for hourJ to see the geyser old Faithful spout

a fountain of water from its o ifice.b. Describing the fertilization of orchids, charles Darwin writes that

"the orifice into the nectar-receptacle lies . . . close to the lowerside of the flower. " -

LESSONS 9 AND l0: THE HEAD

EXERCISE I OC

c. After many hours workers rescued the child who had fallen

through the orifice of the abandoned well

d. The human head has eight orifices'

6. a. some dictionaries have ihumb-shaped indentations to mark

alphabetical divisions'b.AnindentationoffivesPacesistheconventionalwaytoindicate

the start of a ParagraPh'c. Failure to ¡e invitËd io a special party can cause severe indentation

of one's ego.d.In carvingithe owl, the artisan made delicate indentations to

simulate feathers.

FitlineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromLessonl0.Useaword or any of its forms onlY once'

l.EvaPerón'scharismaticpersonalitywassurelyafactorinherrise to Power in Argentina'

2. The of Cicero' a Roman author and

consul, are still used as models for modern-day public speakers'

3. Ruirrwater splashed steadily from the mouth of the

leering from the medieval tower

4. Statues ranging in size from miniature to

attracted a large crowd at the arts festival

5. Pioneers on their wayWest could sometimes follow trails made bY

the of wagon wheels

6. The scuba diver used a(n) for

protection against aggressive sharks'

7. Trains thousands of soccer fans at the

stadium in Rio deJaneiro'

8. In earlier times there were no to help

73

meets in Wonderland behave in a(n)

manner-theY are scornful of herignorant.

people with crooked teeth and faulty bites' -

9. Two million years of erosion by the Colorado River formed the

we call the Grand CanYon

10. Some peoPle have considered Nostradamus a(n)

for his predictions in the sixteenth century of even ts that have

seemed to come true.

11. Many of the characters Alice

confusion and regard her as

74 VOCABUI.ARY IROM CTASSICAT ROOTS

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR TESSONS 9 AND I O

| :;:i: *:fi::"js;iij:îswer ro rhe foilowins anarosies and questions

l. capitulation : head : :

a. regurgitation : mouthb. osculation : eyec. cerebration: braind. precipitation : eyebrowe. supercilious : forehead

2. facies: facade : :

a. frons: foreheadb. caþut: headc. gurges: throatd. os: orificee, cerebrum: mind

3. Which Latin word means the same as od,on?a. gurgesb. dmsc. cerebntmd. fronse. caþut

4' which pair does not contain words with a common root?a. orthodontist

- oracleb. gargoyle - gorgec. capitalist - precipiced. facet - effacee. inexorable

- oration5. Which word is defined incorrectly?

a. indentU¡g _ r,6g¡tfact"b. inexorable - "relentless"c-. precipitate -

,,headstrong"

d. effrontery - 'f¡sn["e. OSCUlate

- "ftigg"

t substitute the appropriate word from Lessons 9 or r0 for each word or- phrase in parentheses in the following paragraphs. No word is used. more

than once.

l' Kilauea in Hawaii has the record. as the longest-active volcano in theworld. In addition to eruptions in its centraï core, numerouseruptions from (openings) along rift

75TESSONS 9 AND l0: THE HEAD

c)

zones have (violently discharged)

boiling lava, creating lava lakes. In 1790 a

(gigan tic) explosion of steaming lava overwhelmed a section of the

Hawaiian army marching near the crater. A major eruPtion is

(relentlessly) followed by lava flow,

violent earthquakes, or tidal waves.

whoever or whatever is in the way' If you must

(stand directly in front of) a hippoPotamus' never get between it

and the water!

The hippopotamus is responsible for more human deaths than any

otherAfricanmammal.Althoughrelativelyharmlessinitsriver

home, a hippo (greedilY eating) on

the river bank can become lethal to anyone who

(offends) it. Fearì;;;tpú', n"uatottg guttop uuck to the nearest river' smashing

3 Writing or Discussion Activities

1. You areExplain e

headlin '

butmakeyouraccountobjective(impersonal)ratherthansubjective(personal).a.orthodontistRecapitulatestheCausesoflnexorableDefacement

of Dental Facets

b. Gastronome Gorges on Gargantuan Feast

ã. erecipitate Oscuiátion Affronts Supercilious Recipient

2. Each of the following sentences applies to a general situation'

a. That was a PreciPitate move'

b. She is a cerebral Person'c. He is amazinglY oracular'd. It was gargantuan'e. We confronted one another'f. What effrontery!

Choose nvo of the sentences rt

paragraph creating a comple details'

Answer the followiäg questio d

how?

1

rEssoNs il AND t2

The Body

rEssI

lt

Challenge Wordsincarnadine

Mms sana in corþore søno.A sound mind in a sound body.

CARO, CARNIS <1. "flesh,,

1. carnage (kär'nîj)n.The-killing of many people; massacre (sometimes usedmetaphorically).

civil wor photogrophs reveol the cornoge thot took proce on monybonlef¡elds ¡n boih Norfh ond Sourh.

accoladeaccordcarnagecarnon

76

77IESSONS I I AND l2: THE BODY

2. carrion (kár/é en)n.Dead and decaYing flesh'

Vultures feed on corrion.

adj.Pertaining to dead flesh'

The beoched whole gove off o foul, corrion odor'

3. incarnate (ín kär/nit) lin <L' "in"]adj.Embodied in human form'

M¡ldred (Bobe) Didrikson Zohorios, who won more tournoments ond

medols in more sporls thon onyone in the twentielh century, is

othleticism incornote.

incarnation, n,

COLTUM <1. "neck"

4. accolade (äk/e lãd, ák e lãd') lac= ad" <L. "to," "toward"]

n. l. Any honor, award, or expression of approval'

Her opero received criticol occolodes'

2. A ceremonial tap on the shoulder (dub) with the flat side of a

sword.

Roleigh kneloccolode.

t on the deck of his ship to receive Queen

6. décolletage (dã' kôl täzhl) lde <L' "from,""away from"]n. A Iow neckline on a garment or a garment

with a low neckline.

The drofty medievol costle discouroged

décolletoge on court dresses'

dêcolletê, adj.

coRPUS, CORPORIS <1. "body"

6. corporal (kôr/Pe rel)adj. Relating to o. having an effect on the human body'

ln the nineteenth century corporol punishment usuolly meont

"flogging": beoting with o whip or stick'

corporalitY) n.; corqorallY, adu'

Sir WolterElizobeth's

78

Challenge Wordscorpus delicticorpuscleesprit de corps

VOCABULARY FROM CLASSICAI. ROOTS

7. corporeal (kôr pôr/ë el, kôr pörrè el)adj. L. Characteristic of or resembling the physical body.The twins were idenficol in both corporeol ond intellectuol quolities.

2. Having material substance; able to be seen.

Wos the ghost of Homlet's fother imoginory or corporeol?

corporeity, n.

8. corps (kõr, kôr)n. (plural) 1. A military organization of ofücers or of officers andenlistees.

The codets of the U.S. Morine Corps soluted smortly.

2. An army unit.

During world wor ll the women's Army corps become knownfomiliorly by its ocronym, WACs.

3. A group of people having purpose and direction in common.During dry months in the mounroins o fire-fighting corps stoys onolert.

9. corpulent (kôr'pye lent)ad,j. Excessively bulky; fat.

Some designers speciolize in clothes toflotter the corpulent figure.

corpulence, n.; corpulently, ada.

10. corpus (kôr/pes)n.I. Abody or collection of writings.

lor" people believe thot "poul's cose" is the mosterpiece of willoCother's corpus of short stories.

2. A structure of special character in an animal body.

Rodiotion destroyed the cqncerous corpus.

COR, CORDIS <1. "heorr"

ll. accord (e kôrd') lac= ad, <L. ,,to,,, ,,toward',]z. Harmony; agreement.

Her ombitions were not in occord with rhose of her porenrs.

TESSONS I I AND 12: THE BODY 79

tr. u.To grant or bestow upon.

ln 1797 New Jersey become the first stote lo occord votíng rights to

women.

intr. u. To agree.

Our plons for o picnic occorded well with the sunny weother'

12. cordial (kôr/jet)adj. I. Heart/i warm; sincere.

A cordiol exchonge of letters between the English poets Elizobeth

Borrett ond RoberJ Browning begon the friendship thot led to their

morrioge in .l84ó.

2. Stimulating.

The remodeled librory is o cordiol environment for study'

13. concordance (ken kôr'dens) fcon= atm <L. "with"]n.I. Astate of agreement;harmonY'

The heods of stote ochieved concordonce through potient diplomocy

2. An alphabetical index of all the words in a text or corpus oftexts, showing every occurrence of a word.

The concordqnce lo Shokespeore lets you trock down ony word orphrose used in his ploys ond poems.

concord, n.; concordant, ad'j.

NorA BENE: Ko,rdia, the Greek word for "heart," gives us cardiac,

"pertaining to the heart." Other derivatives are cardiologist,'card,iol'

ogy, card;i,ogram, hyþocard,ium, znd tachy card'ia.

o5, ossls <1. "bone"

14. ossify (ös'e fi') l-fy = facne <L. "to make"lintr. u.1. To turn into bone; to become bony.

An infont's skull does not ossify fully until ofter birth'

2. To become rigid (in behavior, habits, or beliefs).

The lheories of oslronomers do not ossify becouse new doto

constonÌly chonge them.

ossification, n.

80 VOCABUI.ARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

EXERCISE I IA

EXERCISE I I B

NorA BET.IE: os, meaning "bone," shows that it is indebted to osteon <G."bone," which provides these derivatives: osteoþath, osteology, and, osteo-porosis.

You may have noticed that the first form of the Latin word for"mouth," os, oris, is identical to that of "bone," os, ossis. In each in-stance, os is the form used as the subject of a Latin sentence. vari-ations in word endings show the .n."ïing just as context does. Forexample, in English, plane can mean either "airplane,'or ,,level sur-face," depending on its context.

circle the letter of the best sYlrtroNylvf (the word or phrase mosr nearlythe same as the word in bold-faced type)

l. an author's colpns a. remains b. theme c. collected workd. library e. body

2. a carrton bird a. carnivorous b. dead-flesh-eating c. larged. fighting e. diseased

3. to receive accolades a. blame b. explanations c. stimulantsd. praise e. agreements

4. a graceful décoltetage a. decapitation b. high collar c. papercut-out d. necklace e. low neckline

circle the letter of the best ANTON\&I (the word or phrase most nearlyopposite the word in bold-faced type).

5. to accord recognition a. withhold b. bestow c. expectd. enjoy e. resist

6. a(n) corpulent figure a. important b. muscular c. talld. serious e. slim

7. a(n) corporal wound a. bodily b. war c. head d. seriouse. imaginary

8. an enterprising coqps a. corporation b. fire departmentc. military unit d. individual worker e. committee

9. a(n) ossified attitude a. respected b. boring c. ever-changingd. solidifing e. amusing

Circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectly

l. a. In medieval morality plays, human qualities appeared incorporeal form, such as a female character named "Good Deeds."

b. Most states have banned corporeal punishment.

TESSONS ll AND 12: THE BODY 8l

c. Although blobs of paint had been blown on the canvas by an

airplané propeller, viewers saw corPoreal,shapes- .

d. Sh; claimed that the ghost first spoke to her and then became

corporeal.2. a. BeJauseJamesJoyce's (Jlyssesis so complex, many students find it

easier to read with the help of a concordance'

b. Students need a concordance for checking definitions of words'

c. Afteryears of feuding in scholarlyjournals, the two scientists

achieíed concordance by writing a book together'd. The emissaries at the peace table struggled to find issues on

which theYwere concordant.3. a. The Battle of waterloo was notorious for its cafnage.

b. Persistently harsh critics can cause carnage in literary and artistic

circles.c. History books record carnage resulting from overzealously held

prejudices.d. Their favorice dish is chili con carnage'

4. a. Maria Callas accepted the accolades of her enthusiastic fans at the

opera's conclusion.b. The critic's bitter accolade enraged the playwright'c. The geneticist Barbara McClintock received a long-delayed

u""oiâd" in 1983, the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.

d. InJapan people outstanding for their creative work receive the

ucõolade of being designated National Treasures'

5. a. My little sister is mischief incarnate'b. Al'bert Einstein rePresents the incarnation of scientific genius in

the twentieth century.c. The philanthroPist was a truly incarnate human being'

d. The ängels wno aery God in fohn Milton's Poem Paradise Lost

make incamate the idea of flagrant disobedience'

6. a. The enforcement of strict ruleì caused the children to consider

their Parents ossified.b. A perion stops growing when the cartilage between the bones has

ossified.c. The test of a chicken's age is the degree of ossification of its

breastbone.d. After making clay bowls in ceramics class, we Put them in the kiln

to ossifY.

82 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

EXERCISE I I C Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 11. use aword or any of its forms only once.

l. Some Shakespearean scholars may not need a(n)

because they know every line frommemory.

2. when a social group is isolated for a long time, customs tend to

3. The btnzard hovered over themaking change difEcult.d>nng rabbit, intent on an imminent

feast of

4. The of Charles Darvr.in's works hascontinued to be important to biologists for more than a century

5. The noisy café was not afor conversation.

enuronment

6. To lose weight people sometimes adopta program ofjogging or aerobics.

7. Known as the "swedish Nightingale,"Jenny Lind became the

representation of vocal brilliance in thenineteenth century

8. Many veterans of the war in vietnam find it hard to forget the

they witnessed

TESSON t2Surnma sedes non capit d,uos.The highest seat does not hold tr¡¡o(i.e., There's room for only one at the top)

assiduousconsanguinitydermatologydissidentdorsal

KeyWordsdossierendorseenervateepidermisgastric

gastronomesanguineseancesedentarysupersede

TESSONS t t AND 12: THE BODY 83

Challenge Wordsdermadermaldermatitispachyderm

Challenge Wordsdo-si-doreredos

DERMA <G. "sk¡n"

1. dermatology (dûr' me töl/e jè) ltogos <G. "word," "speech,"

"thought"]n.'tlne scientific study of the skin and its diseases.

An ollergic reoction of the skin ¡s one of the concerns of dermoÌology.

dermatolo$st, n.

2. epidermis (ép' e dûr'mis) lEl <C- "over"li.tn outer piotective layer of the skin or outer layer of various

organisms. (In plants, the outer layer of cells.)

The hunter's orrow did not puncture the elephont's thick epidermis.

epidermal, adj.; eP\detmic, adj.

DORSUM <1. "the bock"

3. dorsal (dôr/sel)adj.Pertaining to the back, especially ofanimals.

When the dorsol fin of the shork rose from

the woter, swimmers fled'

4. dossier (dös/ë a dôs/Yã)n. A set of documents containing information about a person orevent; a frle.

The condidote for o federol iudgeship submitted o thick dossier.

5. endorse (ën dôrs/, in dôrs/) len= in <L. "on"]tr. a.I. To write one's signature on the back of a check or otherdocument.

Bonks require thot poyees endorse o check within o specified sPoce.

2. To sign a contract.

Both porties must endorse the controct lo moke it binding.

3. To acknowledge receipt of payment'

The coshier endorsed the check by stomping it "Poid."

4. To support actively; to sanction.

ln 19ó9 the Lobor Porty in lsroel endorsed Goldo Meir os prime

minister, o position she held vntil 1974'

endorsee, n.; endorsemen\ n.

84 VOCABUTARY FROM CI.ASSICAT ROOTS

Challengesangfroid

Word

GASTER, GASTREROS (olso GASTROSI .G. "stomoch,""belly"

6. gastric (gäs'trik)ad,j.Pertaining to the stomach.

Gostric iuices ore ocidic.

7. gastronome (gäs/tre nõm)n. A person who is knowledgeable aboutgood food and drink; a gourmet.

ln decodes of writing obout food, M. F. KFisher proved herself on elegont writer oswell os o gostronome.

NERVUS <1. "sinew," "nerye"

8. enervate (ën/ er vãt') le= ex <L. "from," "out of']tr. u. To deprive of strength; to weaken.

The heovy lunch enervoted us.

NorA BENE: The Greek word for "rìerve" is neuron. Derivatives fromneuronate nzural, nzurolog, neurosis, and neurosurgeon.

SANGUIS, SANGUINIS <1. "bIOOd,,

9. sanguine (sáng'S*i")adj. I. Cheerful; hopeful.

The boseboll teom remoined songuine despitetheir losing seoson.

2. Reddish or ruddy.

Her complexion wos songuine, os if she hod

iusl returned from skiing.

sanguinary, adj.; sanguinity, n.

Nora BENB: In the Middle Ages, people were classified according tofour groups of "humors" or temperaments, determined by fluids inthe body: sanguine (blood), "cheerful"; þhlzgmatic (phlegm), "sluggish";choleric (yellow bile), "easily angered"; and melancholy (black bile),"gloomy."

85TESSONS I I AND 12: THE BODY

Challenge Wordsobsessionpresidiumsessile

10. consanguinity (kön' säng gwÏn/ e të) lcon= cum <L. '\'vith"l

z. l. Blood relationshiP.

Although Ìhe four sisters in Loi.riso Moy AlcoTt's liff/e Women enioy

consoriguinity, they differ greotly in temperoment'

2. My close relationship.

A feeling of consonguinity often develops from being clossmotes for

severol yeors.

consanguineous, adj.

NOTA BENE: Greek as well as Latin words from "blood" have entered

English. Haima <G. "blood" pqovides hemoglobin, hemoþhilia, hsrnu

þhobia, znd hemonhage.

Other words relatä to the body come from þnzuma <G. "breath,"

"spirit": þnaumatic, þnrumonia, þnzumograþh, and þnzumogastrig From

pteumon' <G. "lung; and pulmo,- þulmonis <L. "lung" comes þulmonary.

SEDEO, SEDERE, SEDI, SESSUM <1. "to s¡1," "to setfle"

11. assiduous (e sÏj'õõ as) las= ad <L' "to," "toward"]

ad,j. 1. Unceasingly attentive; devoted'

Freshwoter oquoriums require ossiduous core'

2. Persistent; diligent.

Winners of the notionol spelling contest hove been ossiduous in

leorning how to spell unusuol words'

assiduity, n.

12. dissident (dis/e dent) ldis <L."awayfrom," "apart"f

ødj. Differing; disagreeing; dissenting'

Totolitorion governments do not tolerote dissident voices.

zl. A person who disagrees.

A group of dissidenls wos orrested for protesting the possession of

fireorms by Privote cilizens.

dissidence' n.

13. seance (sã'äns')n. A meeting at;hich a spiritualist attempts to communicate with

the dead.

At the seonce, no communicotion come from the other world.

8ó VOCABUTARY TROM CLASSICAL ROOTS

EXERCISE I2A

EXERCISE I28

14. sedentary (séd'n tër' ë)adj. 7. Characterized by much sitting.

Computer progrommers spend monysedentory hours ot their desks.

2. Remaining in one area; not migratory.

Giving up herding for ogriculture, the tribesbecome sedentory ond ãit¡es orose.

15. supersede (soo' per sed/) [suþer <L."above"]tr. a.To take the place of; to replace.

The steomship superseded rhe soiling ship os the stondord oceongoíngvessel.

Circle the letter of the best sla{oNyM (the word. or phrase most nearlythe same as the word in bold-faced type)

1. to endorse a philarrthropic cause a. support b. organizec. sign a contract for d. pay for e. denounce

2. a spiny epidermis a. back b. neck c. outer layer of skind. inner layer of skin e. chest

3. ajob keeping one-sedentary a. seated b. bored c. orderlyd. active e. standing

circle the letter of the bestANTONyùI (the word. or phrase most nearlyopposite the word in bold-faced type).

4. enervated byjet lag a. made nervous b. energized c. weakenedd. made hungry e. disturbed

5. to supersede the mayor a. retain b. replace c. reject d. honore. precede

6. assiduous nurses a. dedicated b. weary c. careless d. clevere. energetic

circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectþ.

1. a. Chewing gum stimulates the flow of gastricjuices.b. sometimes gastric pain frightens people into mistaking it for

cardiac pain.

TESSONS I I AND 12: THE BODY 87

d

c. Scarlet gastric bands are highly fashionable this year'

d. A gastrið ailment blights the pleasures of a gastronome'

2. a. Diãsidents historically had difficulty in obtaining visas allowing

them to emigrate from the Soviet Union'b. Our seats weie so dissident that we could barely see each other

across the auditorium'c. The city council meetings became livelywhen dissidents

protested the increase in parking fees'

d. Our teacher encouraged dissidence when we discussed election

issues.3. a. The genealogist looks for lines of consanguinity'

b. His cãnsanguinity made him the life of the party'c. The two elãest Bênnet sisters inJane Austen's novel Pride and

Prejudiceexpress consanguinity of both blood and spirit.

d. Alihough the twins hadieen seParated at birth, tests proved their

consarrguinitY.4. a. The luñrberjack injured a dorsal muscle in his chest.

b. Scorpion fish attack their victims with poisonous dorsal spines'

c. The ã1o...r.r, of dorsal nerves to the spinal column makes back

surgery difñcult.d. Thã cámel with a single dorsal hump is called a dromedary.

5. a. Completing dossiers-for college admission requires much time'

b. The i,gf nud compiled a detailed dossier on the suspected spy. ,

c. Several lumpy objècts strained the fabric of the dossier strapped

to the cYclist's back.d. The personnel director scrutinized the applicant's dossier.

6. a. Charles Dickens's character Mr. Micawber is continually sanguine,

always expecting that "something will turn up'" -.

b. Eyeiíg tn. "uttg.tit

e evening sky, the sailor predicted good

weather for the next daY'

c. Sanguine and ermine are furs favored by EuroPean royalty' -

d. The-exertion of the marathon brought a sanguine glow to the

runners'faces.?. a. The calligrapher always endorses checks with a flourish.

b. The forgãr was caughi endorsing the bill of sale with the bank

president's name.c. Àmerican political parties are increasingly endorsing women

' candidates for high office.d. Some athletes lifiweights to endorse their muscles'

8. a. The serious gardener is assiduous in pulling weeds'

b. Assiduous trees lose their leaves in autumn'c. Because of the treasurer's assiduity, the group's financial records

were alwaYs in order.. d. Human beings are unconsciously assiduous in forgetting things

that are too Painful to remember'

88 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

EXERCISE I2C

9. a. some automobile owners supersede their cars annually.b. The tractor has superseded the ox and plow on American farms.c. In some organizations the vice-president automatically

supersedes the president.d. Popular music fans are often fickle as one idol quickly supersedes

another.

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 12. use aword or any of its forms only once.

l. Climbing at altitudes where oxygen is thin canhikers very quickly.

2. Julia Child's reputation as a(n) wasestablished when she first demonstrated gourmet cooking on television.

3. The painter caught the flush ofyouthful embarrassment.

4. An expert indisease.

gave a lecture on skin

5. Bank tellers expect you tolegibty.

6. During theheard their

the listeners thought rheydead grandfather tap the table three times

7. software developers, judges, and professional writers engage in

occupations.

8. Dinosaurs known as spinosaurids developed overgrown backbones

that are called "sails, "

9. Many Hollywood actors lost their livelihoods as talking pictures

silent films.

10. The human no thicker than a sheet

checks

of paper, contains both dead and living cells.

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR TESSONS I I AND I2I Circle the letter.of the best answer to the following analogies and questionsI about roots and definitions.

1. dermatology: skin : :

a. carrion: heartb. ossification : back

89LESSONS I I AND l2: THE BODY

c. seance : chaird. gastronomy: stomache. incarnation : nerve

2. assiduitY: Iaziness : :

a. seance : carnageb. concordance : dissidencec. corPus : consanguinitYd. cordialitY : décolletagee. concordance : ossification

3. concordance : words and Phrases : :

a. dossier : accoladesb. corpulence : gastronomesc. corPus : written worksd. carnage: carrione. consanguinitY : cordialitY

4. Which word is defined incorrectþ?a. décolletage -

"low neckline"b. accord - "ag¡gg¡¡g¡¡"c. carnage -

"1¡¿55¿ç¡9"

d. endorse - "¡e back down"

e. enervate - "¡6 deprive of strength"

5. Which English word is nota derivative of the Latin or Greek word

that follows it?a. ePidermis - dsrYna

b. affront - frontc. suPersede - os

d. seance - sed,sre

e. corPoral - corPus

6. Which pair of woids is the only set derived from words related to

internal organs of the bodY?

a. sanguine - incarnateb. cordial - gastricc. sedentary - ePidermisd. dorsal - ossifiede. enervated - corPoreal

tl Substitute the appropriate word from Lessons 1l or 12 for each word or

Z ;h;; i" pur.nih.r.r in the following paragraphs. No word is used more

than once.

1. In his Theory of the Leisure Class, sociologist'Thorstein Veblen

describes náw the eighteenth-century working partnership of

husbands and wives was (replaced) in

the nineteenth century by the non-working, middle-class wife whose

Ieisure was (bestowed) bY her

90 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAT ROOTS

husband's economic success. For some middle-crass women, thiscircumscribed lifestyle led to the development of pastimes that were

2. American ethnologistJane Goodall has received many

(honors) for her(unceasingly persistent) efforts to improve the lives of both humanbeings and animals in Tanzania, where she has lived and workedfor many years. In 19g I she founded the program Roots and Shootsto encourage conseryatron among schoolchildren in villageschools throughout Tanzania. She has received enthusiastic

(support) for her powerful oppositionto the (massive slaughter) of wildanimals.

$ Writing or Discussion Activities

1. write a sentence for each of the following words, describing yourselfor someone you know in the act of beinga. assiduous.b. cordial.c. sanguine.d. enervated.

2. Have you had a personal possession that once meant a great dear toyou but has now be ein which you use th

3. To what extent are thspecific examples the degree topractices the art or science of good eaúng."

4. what skill, talent, characteristiã, or accomplishment do you possessthat you have reason to be proud o? writå an accornd,eaboutyourself, gffiS reasons for deserving praise. Or if you prefer, writean accolade about.someone else, a perion you sincérely admire.Include specifi c details.

rEssoNs l3 AND t4

The Flands

rEssoN 13Manus manumfricat, et ma,nus manum lauat.

Hand nrbs hand, and hand washes hand(an illustration of mutual assistance) .-PRovERB

MANUS <1. "hond"

1. emancipate (i män'se pãt') le= ex <L. "from," "out of']tr. u.I. To free from restraint or influence.

The nineteenfh omendment to the U.S. Conslitution emoncipoted

women os voters in 1920'

2. To free (a slave) from bondage.

President Lincoln issued in l8ó3 qn edict to emoncipote sloves.

emancþatio'n' n.

ambidextrousdeflectdexteritydigitalemancipate

KeyWordsgenuflectinflectionmanaclemandatemanifest

manipulateraPacrousraptreflectionsurreptitious

9l

92 VOCABULARY FROM CTASSICAI. ROOTS

FamiliarWordscommandcommenddemandmaintainmanagemaneuvermanicuremannermanufacturemanuremanuscript

Challenge Wordscountermandlegerdemainmanumrsslon

2. manacle (män/ e kel)n. (usually plural) 1. A device for confiningthe hands; handcuffs.

Their monocles were removed, ond theprísoners were set free.

2. Anything that constrains.

With consistent proctice one con throwoff the monocles of insecurity os o publicspeoker.

tr. u. To restrain, as with manacles.

Lock of money hos monocled mony proiectsto improve roods ond public tronsportotion.

3. mandate (mán'dat)n. Arormal order from a higher court; an authoritative command.,order, or injunction.

A court of oppeols mondote overturned the verdict of the district court

marrifest (män/e fést') lfestus <L. "gripped,']adj. Clearly apparenr to sight or understanding; obvious.

Although Helen Keller wos blind ond deof from oge two, her intelligencebecome monifest through the potience ond sk¡li-of her teocher,"Ann"Sullivon.

tr. a.l. To show plainly; to reveal.

After months in the Tropics the trovelers monifested the symptoms ofmolorio.

2. To prove.

Her birth certificote monifests her Americon cifizenship.

n. A list of cargo or passengers.

Check the mqnifest to see if o doctor is on boord.

manifestation, n.; manifs5fly, adu.; manifesto, n.

5. marripulate (me nip/ye lãt) lmanipuh,ts <L. ,,handful"]tr. u. 7. To use or handle skillfully.

After leorning in high school how to monipulole stoge lights on cue,she went on to o coreer in theotricol lighting.

2. To manage with devious skill, or to adjust to suit one,s purpose.

4

93TESSONS l3 AND l4: THE HANDS

Queen Elizobeth I of Englond cleverly monipuloted.her royol suitors'

pretending interest in mãrrioge os o woy to mointoin Peoce with their

countries.

manipulati or^' n -; manipulativ e, ad'j

DEXTRA <1. "right hond"

6. dexterity (dëk stër/ e të)

n. 1. Skiil in the use of the hands or body;

adroitness.

The dexterity of the iugglers.wos monifest os

b"i;ll."; kîiu"r, onJt-h"n floming torches

keptÎlying over their heods'

2. Mental skill or adroitness; cleverness'

The complexity of computer progroms shows

the dexteritY of their designers'

dexterous or dextrous, adi'

ambidextrotrs (am' bI dëk/ stras) lambi <L' "on both sides"l

oa¡. nArc to use either hand equally well'

The ombidextrous pitcher kept boTters off bolonce'

ambidexter, n.; ambidexteritY, n'

DIGITUS <1. "finger"

8. digital (dij/e tel)ad,j. l.Relating to a finger or to a unit of measure (3áinch) the

breadth of a finger'

Locemoking requires exceptionol digitol skill'

2. Referring to a numerical system for encoding data'

Digitol recordings copture fine distinctions in sound'

digrt, rz.

NorA BENE: The Greek word for can also

mean "toe" anJ"ã'git'" It adds to ::t;::::åto a three-syllable unit, or "foot"'i

7

94

Challenge Wordsflexurereflexive

VOCABUTARY FROM CTASSICAI. ROOTS

and the others are unstressed); and þterod,actyr, an extinct flying rep-tile having an elongared digit o., "uËh

forelimb.

FIECTO, FI.ECTERE, FIEXI, FTEXUM<1. "to bend"

9. deflecr (di flëkt/)from"]tr. u. To turn aside.

lde <L. "fromr" "away

The off¡c¡ol tried to deflect the reporter,semborrossing questions.

intr. u. To swerve or turn aside.

The rocket deflected from its course ond exploded seconds ofterrrflng.

deflection, n.

10. g. enufle_ct (jën/ ye flëkt,) lgmuintr. u.1. To bend the knee in ã kneto express reverence or respect.

King Richord ll chided the Duke of Northumberlond for foiling togenuflect, on honor due the En llish ,"nor.t.-genuflection, n.

ll. inflection (in flëk/shen) fin <L.,,in,ln. l. An alteration of pitch or tone of the voice.The English

"ftli'r Î:k questions wirh o foiling infrecrion; Americons,with o rising inflection.

2. In grammar, an alteration of the form of a word to show differentgrammatical or syntactical relationships.

The second-person pronoun you hos noinflection, but the third-personpronouns wet our, ond us ore inflected forms.

inflect, u.; inflected,, ad.j.

12. reflection (rï flëkrshen) lre <L.,,back,,, ,,again,,]n. 7. Tlrre act or condition of being thrown bacli.Their good monners were o reflection of o genteel upbringing.2. Something thrown back, as light, heat, sound, or an image.The breeze over rhe pond brurred the refrection of outumn forioge.3. Discredit; indirect reproach.

His inobility to shore is q refrection on his chorocter.

È

<L. "knee"]eling or halÊkneeling position

95TESSONS l3 AND 14: THE HANDS

Challenge Wordsrapineravlneravish

15.

EXERCISE T 3A

snrreptitious (sûr' ep tish/ es) -lsur=

sub <L' "under"]

ad,j. 15 one secre tly, without approval'

our surreptitious roids on the cookie ior ended when we gor cought

surreptitio usly, adu.; surreptitiousness, ??'

4. Deep thought.

lsok Dinesen's book, Out of Afrîco, includes reflections obout Africo

ond her life there.

reflect, z.r.; reflective, adj'

RAPIO, RAPERE, RAPUI, RAPTUM <L' "to snotch"

13. rapacious (ra Pãlshes)oa¡. t. Excessively grasping or greedy'

Ropociouslonddevelopersendongeredthewildlifepreserve.

2. Given to seizing for plunder or as prey'

Ropocious slove troders destroyed flourishing kingdoms in Africo

rapacity, n.

14. rapt (ráPt)oa¡.1,. Giving one's complete attentlon'

The sToryteller held the children in ropt

;ii;.;" ás they listened to the odventures of

Brer Robbit.

2. Overcome with emotion; completely

filled with joY.

The roPt goze thot Romeo ond Juliet

"^.hoÅg"-signifies love ot first sight'

raptlY, ada.; raPtrress' 7¿'

circletheletterofthebestS)ô{oN\t\4(thewordorphrasemostnearlythe same as the word in bold-faced tfpe)'

1. eager to manipulate an opponent a' fight b' encourage

c. challenge d. influence e' pounce uPon --

2. a prisoner"in manacles a' gloves b' handcuffs c' overalls

d. spectacles e. leg restraints

96 VOCABUI.ARY FROM CIASSICAI. ROOTS

3. a pleasing inflection a. modulation of voice b. choice of wordsc. pronunciation d. understanding of grammar e. volume

4. to genuflect reverently a. pray ¡. uenã at the knee c. bow fromthe waist d. nod the head e. remove a hat

5. a ma¡rdate to change policy a. chance b. requirementc. refusal d. device e. stimulus

circle the letter of the best ANToNylvI (the word or phrase most nearlyopposite the word in bold-faced type).

6. dexteritywith tools a. right-handedness b. care c, accuracyd. adroitness e. clumsiness

7. to marrifest confidence a. ascertain b. hold c. hint atd. conceal e. measure

8. 1up, in thought a. uninvolved b. transported c. deepd. enclosed e. rambling

9. a surreptitious act a. fraudulent b. repetitiousc. straightforward d. secret e. silly

10. rapacious carnivores a. ferocious b. cruel c. shyd. silent e. greedy

EXERCISE I38 circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectly.

l. a. a reflection on your cooking.b. n of their ignoránce.c. the habit of writing

the essay. d the genre we know as

d. Leaping from the springboard, the diver performed three

^ .gmplete reflections before entering the water.2. a. The manifest listed all of the passengers on the ship excepr one:

the stowaway.b. The cook manifested a delicious lunch, including lemon moussec. That Lady Astor and sir winston churchill deteJæd each other

was manifested by their exchange of witt¡ insults.d. Her mechanical skill was manifõst when it. brritt a rocket.

3. a. The children mandated that their guests wear costumes to thebirthday parry.

b. In 1954 a u.s,. supreme court's mandate outlawed segregationand separate-but-equal education in public schools.

c. The electorate gave their senator a mandate to oppose capitalpunishment.

d. My parents issued a mandate: "Arways wear your bicycle helmet!"

TESSONS l3 AND l4: THE HANDS

EXERCISE l3c

4.a'Doctorsrecommenddigitalexercisesforarthritissufferers.b.

o ütY in the

c.

d. The typist's digitat nimblene sors'

5. a. A public ,p.uk".. must be att e' and

volume.b.Changing..ISay,,to..heorshesays''illustratesEn8lishinflection.c. Vocal inflectäå of¡upu".re tifférs greatly from that of American

English.d'shetriedtoenhanceherlifewithinflectionsofculture.

6.a.Fansornicnar¿Wagnerlistenraptlytothesoaringoperaticduetof lovers EIsa and Lohengrin'

b. when tvtuc¡ãtl, h.u., the"witches' prediction of "royal-hope" in

Act I of Shakespeare's play, ianquã observes that his friend

"seems raPt."c. The ngypiian mummy had been carefully rapt in.fine linen'

d. In a hypnotic trance, îhe rapt patient could iecall details of her

earliest childhood'7. a. JaneAusten wrote her the

manuscriPts at every kb. One reaches a destina derground

train than on a bus contendc. In 1605 Guy Fawkes srureP under the

Flouses of Parliament, Plot uP'

d. General Washingto of the Delaware

River on Christmas ccessful assault on

British trooPs.8. a. People in every culture try to emancþate themselves from

hamPering stereotFPes'

b. women achieved Jåancipation in dress with the shorter, looser

clothing of the 1920s'

c. Richard Wright learne him from

restrictions Posed bY S

d. Gloves are Juseful way to e s'

97

te word from Lesson 13' Use aFiIl in each blank with the most apProPrla

word or any of its forms onlY once'

1. Playing with blocks helps children develop

coordination.

2. Because she ishomework even with her dominant arm in a cast'

98VOCABUI.ARY FROM CI.ASSICAT

3' After she spilled her coffee, the embarrassed guest tried

formations, and mesasSouthwest. her love of the

ROOTS

5. I.h: new employee almosthis boss is present.

6. some organizations stress the idea that an individuals behavior isa(n) of the group,s standards.

7. Thejackal is a(n) hunter, not onlytracking live animals, but Aro f..ai.rSr, .".rio;. '^*-

rEssoNt4Manu praþria.with one's own hands-(a phrase medieval artists used to assertthat no apprentice had helped in their work).

PLlCO, PIICARE, pLlCAVl, PUCATUM <1. ,,ro fold"copnligit/ (kem plisre te) lcom= cum <L.,\uith,,l1. Pa¡ticipation with another in àn act that is or r.._, ,o b.deceitful.

complicity of Mory eueen of scots in o plon to murder eueenElizobeth I oppeois in letters written in-l5gó.aug{itf

. !dõõ plis,e tè) Ld,uo <L. *rwo,,lz. l. Deceitfulness in speech or conduct; double_dealing.Voters do not opprove of duplicity by elecred offic¡ols.2. Being phvsically or numericaly double or two-ford; doubreness.

I

2

apprehendcomplicity

KeyWordsexplicateexplicitexploitimplyimpregnable

ployplyreprehendreprisalsupplicate

entrepreneur

99rEssoNs

Challenge WordsdeployimplicatemultiplexmultiplicitYplisséreplicate

l3 AND 14: THE HANDS

3.

The computer works with o binory system' o bosic duplicity of numbers-

0 ond l.

explicate (ëks/ plÌ kãt) lex <L' "from"' "out of']

tr. u.-Iomake .1.u.; to t*ptáitt thoroughly' often in a literary

context.

lf vou ore reoding o novel such os Modome Bov_ary in,your French

lråi" ñ;ä;il:t.;iil "; doubt osk you to explicore rhe text.

explicable, ad'j.;explication, n' ; explicative' adj'

explicit (ék splis'it, ék splis/ et) lex <L' "from""'outofl'l

ad,j.Definite; sta;ã i" ¿ttuit, leaving nothing to be guessed at;

outsPoken.

When giving directions, be explicit'

ÏîJ-',ÏTr.;, ) Jex<l. "rrom,""outor'l @

n. ^A

notable or heroic deed'

Enolish-born oviotor Beryl Morkhqm's greotest exploit wos moking the

f,;rY ilfliör.,iirã,îl eosilo wesr ocross rhe Atlonric oceon.

(ëks ploit/ ) tr. u.1' To use to the greatest advantage'

Eleonor Roosevelt exploited her position os First Lody to exPress herself

on humon rights issues'

2. To make use of selfrshly or unethically'

some outhors write books thot exploit their ossociotion with fomous

people.

3. To Publicize'

The billboord exploired the long run of Les Misérobles on Broodwoy'

exploitabl e, ad,j.; exploitation, n'; exploiter' n'

6. i*ply (im pli/) lim=in- <L' "in"ln.'r.'7.io inäicate i directly; to hint'

Although no longer o girl herself' MorgoT Fonteyn could imply

lovesrruck.d.t":;";å;ù;;Ë J..å¿ in The',bollet Romeo ond

Juliet.

NoTABENEzImþlloftenrefersto.whataspeakersays;thisverbisSome-times .otfrrr.d'*ith li¡n,which refers nse to

what is implied' Examples: My teacher i well' I

inferred'from my teacher's tone of voice

2. To require as a necessary condition'

4

5

r00

Challenge WordsmlsPrrsronprehensilereprrse

VOCABULARY FROM CIASSICAL ROOTS

Cooperotive developm.ent pro¡ects impry o condition of peocefurcoexistence omong nofions.

implication, n.

7. ploy (ploi)n' Atactic intended to frustrate, embarrass, or gain an advantageover an opponent.

The tennis.ployer's consfont chotter moy be o proy to disrupt o rivor,sconcenfrotion.

ply (pli)tr. a. L To use a tool or weapon vigorously;to work at a trade.

The quiltmokers tolked ond song os theyplied their needles qnd threod.

e -.- "'-¡

2. To offer somerhing persisrently.

Our feochers ply us with questions to moke us think.n. 1. The thickness of cloth, yarî, or rope.You will need rope of o thicker ply to secure the onchor.2. Wood layered with crosswise grain.Wood with ply hos double strengrh.

9. supplicate (süp/li kat) Lsup= sub <L.,,under,,ltr. u. To ask humbly o, .ur.r.rtþ for, as i., p.uyirrg; to beseech.when the leoendory Greek women worriors, the Amozons, were ind i ff i cu tty, th

""y'upf ú."-rJ ;l ; ;oã¿"r, Arre m i s.

suppliant, n.; supplicant, n.;supplication, n.

PREHENDO, PREHENDERE, PREHENDI, PREHENSUM<1. "to cotch," "to seize,,, ,rt,c grosp,10. apprehend (äp, ri hëndr)

tr. u.7. To arrestlaþ = ad <L. "to," "toward"]

The police opprehended the thieves corrying stolen goods.2.To grasp mentally; to understand.

Albert Einstein's theory of relotiv-ity is difficurt to opprehend becouseit combines complex élemenrs of [hyri". ond ,orñår;;i;;.3. To anticipate with anxiety.

The intense comp.etition for proces mokes high schoor students inJopon opprehend the difficult university entronce exominotions.

8

r0lrEssoNs 13 AND 14: THE HANDS

apprehens ible, ad'i';apprehens ion' n; apprehensive' ad'j'

11. comprise (kem prlz') ItoT= cum <L' "with"l

tr. u' 1. To consist of; to contarn'

The iury thot found the defendont not guilty comprised six women

ond six men.

d against using comþriseas a synonlrm

ateïhen the subject of the sentence'

Iisting of all the þarts' Also note that

Passive voice'

12. entrepreneur (än ue pre nûr/) lentrecFrench "between"

from-i,ntro = in <L' "between"' "in"]

zz. A person who organizes' operatås' and assumes the risk for

business ventures'

The lemonode stond wos our first venture os enlrepreneurs'

impregnable (ím prëg'ne bel) lim= in

<I-. "not"]la¡. soongenough to resist attack of

capture, as a fortress'

ln World Wor ll the French believed their

Moginot Line to be imPregnoble'

2. Not to be outweighed or overcome in

argument.

Confirmed Morxists regord Their theories os

impregnoble.

13.

14. reprehend (rëp ri hënd/) lre <L' "back"'

"again"]tr."a.To reprimand, reProve' or express

disaPProval.

The iudge reprehended the otlorney for

moni Pul-oti ng ùe evidence'

reprehens ible, adi'; reprehensi o'n) n'

f 5. reprisal (rë pri/zel) l:: -;-t'

"back"'"again"l

n. Anaction oi ut' of retaliation against someont for injuries

received.

ln 1g42Ìhe Nozis totolly destroyed the czechoslovokion villoge o[

Lidice os reprisol foith"'o"ossinotion of o ( ermon police officiol'

102VOCABUTARY FROM crAsstcAt ROOTS

EXERCISE I4A circle the letter of the best slatroNWf (the word or phrase most nearlythe same as the word in bold_faced gpe).

l' to be a successftil entrepreneur a. magician b. undertakerc. translator d. businessperson e. animal trainert ::;|¡il'th

food u. ,rppiy eagerþ b. srufr . p1"y d. be stingy

3. to supplicate the queen a. support b. praise c. reproachd. beseech e. attàck4' behavior that implies obedience a. suggests b. demonsrrates

c. pretends d. dislains e. infers5' a play comprising three acts a. dramatizing b. compressing

c. containing d. presenting e. ruining

circle rhe letter of the best ANToNyM (the word. or phrase mosr nearryopposite rhe word in bold_faced type).

6' 1o

r*p.ttcate a paragraph a. criticize b. transrate c. misinterpretd. explain e. read7' to reprehend an offender a. praise b. rebuke c. catch d. hatee. release8' a rival's dupricity a. double-dealing b. treachery c. singularityd. ambidextrousness e. fair play

EXERCISE I4B circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type isused incorrectly.

l' a' Because the enthusiastic audience ca'ed for a reprisal, the, chorus sang another medley of ballads-b'.lhe rapacious warriors expåcted..p.i"rt folowing their attack.c' 'Turning the oth r cheek" is the opposite responsé to reprisal foravicúm of awrong.d. Losing the title byãne point, the team swore reprisals ¡s¡¿

season.2. a. Just because Lilian Helman implied familiaritywirh communisttheory, can you

b. Downcast eyes ac. Since 1952, hosp

newborn babies, ting

d. The design of Shaker3. .". Il. players admitted complicity in se.b. fl. spy acknowledged .ompt"íty i

information.c' Tom sawyer draws Huck Finn into compricity to freeJim, who hasalready been declared a freed slave.

r03rEsS0Ns t3 AND 14: THE HANDS

EXERCISE I4C

d. Although poor, the family lived in cheerful' wholesome

comPlicitY.4. a. The anguished parents supplicated the judge not to send their

child to Prison.b. The workers ui,,'ott supplicated when the ladder collapsed under

them.c. The committee supplicated corporations for donations'

d. The young P;;;iF!,Jo3l of Att' supplicated.the Dauphin of

Frante toätlo* herlo tå¿ ttre French army !o victory'

5. a. The police *lr.out. to apprehend the culprits because they left

hended the chess move required to

climber apPrehended the danger'

, the children aPPrehended to the

nea-rest branches'e-upmanship" describes ploys for

aintances.n¡rit the wariest fish'

the children at the toy store'

d. Political actions sometimes begin as a ploy but grow into

duplicity, as the Watergate affãir in 7972 illustrated'

Z. a. The weáver's best resul-ts came with using three-ply yarn'

b.CorneliaotisSkinnerpliesherreaderswithhumoroustravelsituations in Our Hearts Wne Young and Gay'

c. The graduate Ptied for ajobd. The ðobbler had Plied his tr

8. a. Some viewers proiested the the film'

b. Our Parents were exPlicit ores'

c. MY assignmentwas to exP

d. Thoma. Uu.Jy', descripti t town of Casterbridge

is so explicit that the reader ap of it'

FillineachblankwiththemostapPropriatewordfromLesson14.Useaword or any of its forms onlY once'

l. The film showing oPen heart surgerywas so

that some students felt faint'

2. One of the of Hercules in

accomplishi.,gr'i,t*.lvelaborswu,.l.u''i.'gthevastAugeanstablesin one daY.

3. Rachel Carson forcefullYpesticides in her book Silznt Sþring'

the dangers of

r04VOCABUTARY FROM CIASSICAL ROOTS

4. The teacher

5. The Bill of Righß , ten arricles, whichare the first ten amendments to th; U.S. Co^titution.6. Although mediev¿l fortresses courd withstand most attacks, they

cellular phone in classthe student for using a

when subjected to cannonwere notfire.

7. Robert Louis Stevenson,s characters Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyderepresent theexist within

8. To take "ana single person.eye for an eye and a tooth for a

of personality that can

tooth" is an act of

9. 59 c-learþ did Helen HuntJackson.plight of Native Americans in C¿ifobook about them.

the

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR I.ESSONS 13 AND I4| 3:.j: *:f:î:.j.i;i,îlî:*er ro rhe fouowing anarogies and quesrions

l. genuflect: knee::a. manacle: armb. digital : wristc. manifest: handd. entrepreneur : fingere. inflection : voice

2. manifest: demonstrate : :

a. supplicate : deceiveb. explicate : confusec. mandate : implyd. ply: deflect

^ e. reprehend: disapprove3. manus: digitus: :

a. hand: footb. foot: toec. eye: eard. knee : elbowe. hand :wrist

LESSONS l3 AND 14: THE HANDSt05

he

2;iï:Ïï1,'l;:üfJtrîÏ:îÏifi .fl îäi;::ËJ':ft :-;"':ï'*å'f"::than once.

1. Beginning his career as an eight-year-old circus performer' Harry

Houdini ny uge twtnty-eight i'u' "t'o*ned as the world's most

4. bend: fold: :

a. prehendere: digitusb. fl'ectne: Plicarec. þIicare; flectered. daktulos: flecteree. raþne: Prehendere

5. Which of fhese words is defined incorrectly?

a. rapt - ('1¡nfln¡grested"

b. mänacled - "hamPered"

c. deflected - "¡s¡nsd aside"

d. dextrou5 - "sþillf¡¡1"

e. raPacious - "greedY" - ^

6. Which word is no"t derived ftom þIicare or prehendere?

a. imPregnableb. imPlYc. rePrisald. entrePreneure. surrePtitious

(adroit) escape artist' Performing

2. Before the sale of medications came under United States

government regulation, patent-medicine sellers were a familiar

feature orn*.ii.."."iår rir.. These "snake oil salesmen"

(unbreachable) for him'

(tactic) was to

(secretly) Plant an accomplice in the audience who would give

"spontaneous" testimony to the healing Powers of the medication

for sale The salesman and hrs partner usuallY left town immediatelY

before their audience couldthat theY had been tricked'

(understand)

r0óVOCABUI.ARY FROM CIÂSSICAI. ROOTS

J Writing or Discussion Activities

l. several words in lessons 13 and 14 suggest underhandedness anddeception. Us below as you can to tell astory. Try not movie; iivent yo.r. o*.,story. Use any that are usefuí to you.deflectrapacioussurreptitiouscomplicityduplicityapprehendreprehendreprisal

2. If you were torurite a reflzction, aninformal account of somethingthat you have been thinkingabout serioLrsry, what subject wourã-youchoose? Montaigne* wroteãbout such .rrb¡ã.t,

", i.u., sadness,

friends, anger, solitude, riars, smelrs, and .i"tttirrg. He wrote abouthis own experience, his observations of others anä trre world, and hisreading. choose a subject about which you have something to say,using words from this lesson. The folowirrg *ordr--ay stimurateyour thinking:

exploi æ (wonderful adventures? )ploys (tactigs you or others have used to overcome an opponent?)apprehensions (worries? fears about the future?) ^

dexterity (forms of dexterity you admire? kinds you possess?)

*French aurhor Michel de Montaigne (I53g-15g2) wrore three books of essays.

LESSONS 15 AND I ó

N 15

The Feet

Manihtts þedibusque.With hands and feet (going into something "on all fours"; wholly;

vigorousþ).

PES, PEDIS <1. "Íoot"

1. expedient (ëk spë/d'e ent) lex <L"'from"'"out of']ia¡. Xppr"priate to a purpose or useful in achieving a goal'

Mory Ann Evons found ir expedienr to publish her novels under the

nome George Eliot.

n. A means to an en

Limiting consumpîion of sugor ond fotty foods is one expedient to

physicol fitness.

.ìl

KeyWordsexpeditegradationgradientimpedepedigree

pedometerpeonpodiatrypodiumregress

degradationdigressexpedient

r07

r08

Challenge Wordsexpeditionarymillipedepedicabpied-à-terresesquipedalian

VOCABUI.ARY FROM CI.ASSICAT ROOTS

expedienc¡ n.; expediently, ad,u.

2. expedite (ëk/spe dÏt,) lex <L.,,from,,, ,,out of,]tr. u. 7. To help or hurry the progress of something.lnternotionol cooperotion con exped¡fe o country,s recovery ofter oserious eorthquoke or flood.

2. Of business, to perform business quickly.Mobile phones ollow busy executives to expedire tronsoctions.expeditious, adj.; expeditiously, ad,a.

3. impege (im pëdr) fim= in <L. ,,in,,ltr. a. To hinder; to block the way of.Rivol cloims fo territory hove impeded o permonenf peoce in theMiddle Eost.

impediment, z.

4 pedigree (pëd/e grë) ld,e <L.,,from,,,'.'away from," "downlrom,, and gr,r.ts, gruis <L."crane": from the three-line, cla:w*hiped markused to show succession in a pedigreËln. 7. A line or list of ancesrori, esiecialry of adistinguished kind.

Burke's.Peeroge ond Boroneloge is o publicotionlísting the pedigree of ritled Briish ciriiens.

2' A recorded line of descent showing pure breeding of animals.Living up to his distinguished pedigree, the boy colt citotion wos thefirst horse ro win the iiple Crt*näiÃmericon rocing.

5. pedometern. A device

(pi dõm/ethat calculates

ter) fmetron <G. "measure',]distance traveled by counting the numberof steps taken.

The pedomerer oftoched to the hiker's belt recorded o wolk of tenmiles.

r09LESSONS l5 AND Ió: THE FEET

Challenge Wordschiropodyplatypus

Pous, PoDos <G. "foot"

6. antipodes (án tip/ e dës) .lanti <G' "against"l

n.1'. Any two places on opposite sides of the earth'

Chino is the ontipodes for most of the United Stotes'

2. Something that is the exact opposite of or contrary to something

else '

ChorlesLombobservedthotobeggorisolwoystheontipodestooking.

antipodal, adj.; antiPode, n'

7. podiatrY (Pe di' e tre)

"r. fft. ituay and treatment of foot ailments'

Podiatry includes the treatment of corns and bunions'

8. podium (põ'de em) lpodion <G' "small foot"l

n. Anelevated platform foi an orchestra conductor or lecturer; a

dais. (In biology, any foot-like structure')

lnlgT'sorohColdwellbecomethefirstwomontomounttheiodiu- ond conduct qt the Metropoliton Opero House'

GRADIOR,GRADI,GRESSUM<L'"tosTep""'towolk"9. aggression (e grésh/ an) l.ag= ad" <L' "to"' "toward"]

,. t. tn. act or habit of la nching attacks;

invasion.

Itoly's oggression ogoinst Ethiopio begon

in .l93ó.

2, Hostile action or behavior'

Psychologisls hove set uP

oggression-Prevention Prog roms

in mony schools.

aggressive, adj.; aggressiveness, n'

degradation (dëg' re dã'shen) ld'e <L"'from"' "}wvy from"]

n. 1. Reduction in rank or status, especially of office or dignity'

Durino the Culturol Revolution in Chino from l9óó to 1976' mony

ih:ju.:# ;;;f".;ì;r. i pãåpr" suffered desrodorion or the h o n d s

of the Red Guord.

2. Lowering of moral or intellectual character'

F-.=:,Challenge Wordsegressingress 10.

il0

EXERCISE I5A

VOCABULARY FROM CLASSICAI. ROOTS

Hhkl^::1Gi",t remoins beouriful despire his morol degrodorion,nrs mysrenous portroit grows increosingly hideous.

3. Disgrace; dishonor.

Becouse she foiled to produce_ o more heir for Henry vilr, cotherineof Arogon suffered the degrodor¡on of diu";". rvr'r,¡/ I

degrade, u.; degraded., ad,j.

It. digress (dr grës/, di grës/) Ld,:=.dis 1I...,,awayfrom,,, ,,apart,l

intr' u' To stray from the main toprc rn w'trng or speaking; to turnaside.

coreful writers do not digress from the ossigned topic on on exom.digression, n.; digressive, ad,j.

12. gradation (grã dãrshen)n. A systematic progression through a series of stages.The grodotion of colors in the spectrum moves from red to violet.

13. gradienr (grad, ê ent)n. An incline or slope; the rate of inclineThe grodient of some streets in SonFroncisco is so sfeep fhot drivers must tokespeciol precoutions'when they pork theirco rs.

1. the gradient of the roadc.condition d.location

a. rate of incline b. surface

14. T.9I"r._ (rí -grës/) lre <L.,,back,,,,,again,,]intr. a. To go back; to return to a former õr tess developed condition.A l"y bgby ip fhe fomiry sometimes couses order sibrings to regressto bobyish behoviors.

regress, n.; regression, n.; regressive, adj.

NOTA BENE: A word similar .lo regress is retrogress; its prefix retro <L.

the "return to an earlie, .orrditio.r,,,but sug_as in "After the fall of the Roman EmpirË,trogressed.',

circle the letter of the best srôtroN)a4 (the word or phrase most nearrythe same as the word in bold-faced gpe).

e. qualitya. screen2. the speaker on the podium

d. ramp e. stageb. platform c. step

illTESSONS 15 AND Ió: THE FEET

alth b' footPrint c' owner

änîffiiff'ïäï^îåfftp"ad. device measuring foot pressure e' shoe size

Circle the letter of the best ANToN\tvI (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type) '

5. to digress in telling a story. a' grow tedious b' stray c' expand

d. brág e. keeP to the Po,tlt6. controls that impede thå driver a' hinder b' assist c' imperil

d. confuse e. intrigue7. continen sized feet b' disagreements

c. places on the globe d' foot-race hurdles

.. þ1u.., the globe

8. to regres ' adíance b' decline c' delve

d. stiP e. relax9. an aËt of aggression a' domination b' interference

c. protection d. resentment e' lnvaslon

ExERclsE l58 circre the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectlY.

l.a.VictimsofA]zheimer,sdiseasesteadilyregressmentallyand

t l}¿:t$l; .i., of supremacy in engineering' law' and the arts'

Roman culture b :gan to regress *ñ".r barbãrians invaded Italy in

496.c. Some people live in the past; others prefer to regress into the

future.d.Returningtoherhometownafterthirtyyears'shewaszmazedby

her regreision to childhood sensations'

2. a. Arctic and Antarctic regions rePresent antipodes on our globe'

b. Basebalt urrJ¡uUtt seeir antçoa4 but performers in both must

exert disciplined muscular control'

c.Hesufferedfromarrtipodes:onefootwaslargerthantheother.d. Hard rock ivthe musiäal antipodes to chamber music'

3. a. Stud.n,, .u.tã*p"aite the *åtittg of term Pap:rs by finding a

good subject quickly and taking notes efficiently' -

b. Several private companles to"''pttt with the U'S' Postal Service in

exPediting mail delivery'c.Mycousinisanexpeditio*yo""gsterwholikespokingatwasps'

nests and red ant colonies'

lt2VOCABUTARY TROM CIASsICAI. ROOTS

EXERCTSE t 5c

d. Eleanor Roosevert won praise as u.s. representative to the unitedNations for her dipromatic and expeditiïus handring of difficurtnegotiations.4'

^' lfrequent theme in the novels of French author Honoré deBalzac is the urtimate degradation of greedy yo""t sociarclimbers.

b. Podiatrists recommend a degradation from high-heered shoes toflats.c' Refugees fleeinga harsh_government may suffer extreme hungerand degradation before nãAine a haven.

- d. The degradation of rife on a bà'ttlefierd defines the horror of war.5' a. For -_ur/ years, politicar, financial, ""a ..rgi..J", uncertaintiesirnpeded the construction of a tunner undä the Engrish channelto connect England and France.

b' winston churchill, one_of the greatest orators of a[ time,suffered a speech impediment.

c. The new car impedes faster than the old one.d. Amelia Bloomer's disrike of long skirts that impeded free

movement red her in 1g51 to introduce the *Bioomer 6s5[¿¡¡ç,,_a short skirt over pantaloons.

6. a. Gradations in radìo frequency allow many stations to serve thesame area.

on of insect that damages fruit,

etect the subtlest gradations ofd' Rings in the trunks of trees record gradations in their growth.

Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 15. use aword or any of its forms only once.

l. Stepping to the : , the candidate^ acknowËag.atn@2' Because theyweren't very interested in suppry-sid.e economics,

students encouraged their teacher tofrom the lesson.

3' when foot trouble becomes too painful, peopre turn to an expert in

il3TESSONS l5 AND lô: THE FEET

rEssoN I

Challenge Wordscircumambulateperambulateperambulator

4. Legal exPerts work tocourt cases, which mount steadily in number

the handling of

a non-I.

6. Although the child seemed very mature, she

into temPer tantrums when frustrated'

7. Breeders of exotic sPecies of dogs keeP a careful record of each

animal'sS. Wh." r.@iles a day, the survivor of open-heart

surgery bought a(n)

Aues omnes in Pedes na,scuntur'

All birds are born feet first'-pl-nry

5. Although Germany and Russia had made

pact, they became enemies in World War

AMBUIO, AMBULARE, AÀ,IBULAVI,

nMgUtAiUM <1. "to wolk oround"

1. ambulatorY (äm'bYe Ie tôr' ë,

ám' bye le tör'ê)adj.1. Able to walk about'

Although impeded by o cost, the potient

wos ombuloüory.

2. Pertaining to walking'

Unottended skoteboords ore o hozord to

ombulotoqY shoPPers.

ambulatoryconstituentdesistdestituteinterstice

KeyWordsobstinateoustpreamblerecalcitrantrestitution

restrvestancestaticsubsist

tt4 VOCABUTARY FROM CLASSICAL ROOTS

n. Aplace for walking; an arcad.e; a cloister.

w¡thin solisbury cothedrol there is o four-sided ombulotory.ambulant, adj.; ambulate, u.

2. preamble (pre ,äm bel) Lper= þrae <L..before,,ln. A preliminary statement in ipeech or writing; an introductory part.The coordinotor gove o brief preombre before the conference begon.

CAI.C ITRO, CAIC ITRARE, CAI.C ITRAVI, CALC ITRATUM<1. "to kick"

3. recalcitrant (.i käl/ se trent) fre <L.,.back,,, ,,again,,]adj. 7. Stubbornly resistant ro authority or guidanceiGreek legend tells how Antigone's recolcitront disobedience leods toher deoth.

2. Hard to manage.

An experienced troiner con teoch the most recolcifront onímof to obey.recalcitran ce, n.; recalcitran tly, ad,u.

!IO, STARE, STETI, STATUM <1. ,,ro srond,,

STATIO, STATIONIS <1. ,,o stondin g,,, ,,o rtonding

position"slsTo, slsTERE, STETI (olso sTrTrl, STATUM <1. ,,ro

couse rostondr" "Io put," "fo ploce,,4. constituent (kan stich/õõ ent) lcon= cum <L.,,with,,]

ad,j. Servrng as a necessary part of a whole.The heort ond lungs ore constiÌuent porfs of the body.n. A voter of a district represented by an erected of,Ecial.

Members of congress feel o responsibility to represent the wishes oftheir constifuents.

5. desist (dï zïst/) fde <L.,,from,,' ,,awayfrom,,]intr. u. To cease doing something; to forÉear; to äbstain (often usedwithfrom).

lgnoring wornings thot his heolth wos threotened, césor châvezrefused to desistJrom o hunger strike in supportãf io-'*ork"rr.

6. destitute (dës/te tõõt, dës/te tyõõt) ld.e <L.,,from,,, ,\wayfromr" "down from"]adj. l. Altogether lacking.

lr5LESSONS l5 AND tó: THE FEET

10

8

The refugees were destitute of hope'

2. Poverty-stricken.

Peorl Buck describes o destitute Chinese

fomilv in fhe Good Eorth: Their fields bore

ond ánimols sloughtered, "indeed the mon

ãn¿ t ¡t wife ond-his seven children hod

nothing to eot."

destitution' n.

7. interstice (in tûr / stis; plural interstices: i n tûr'sti sëz) lintn<L. "between"]n. Intervening space; a chink; a crevice'

The orchoeologist discovered o frogment of oncient bone in the

interstice between two rocks.

obstinate (öb/ste nit) lob <L' "off," "against"]

ud,j. l.Very stubborn; inflexible'

The stories of successful women in science hove o common threod:

if,"it "lti¡"ite rufurol to be turned owoy from their gools'

2. Diff,rcult to control or subdue'

A conditioner helps control obstinoþ hoir'

obstinacy, n.

oust (oust) lob <L' "off," "against"]

tr. u.'lo force out of a position or place'

Volers ousled the corruPt iudge'

ouster, n.

restitution (rës te tõõ/shen, rës te tyõõ/ shen) lre <L' "back"'

ï*t1tî.tr,.rarion of a thing to its proper owner or its original state'

The crowning of chorles ll in I óó0 morked the restituTion of the

Ë"gfirñ,."ãr"ny.+t"itf.." intervol of rule by the Commonweolth

unã"r. Oliver Cromwell.

2. Repayment or repair for injury or damage'

The monufocturer mode full restitution to consumers who hod bought

the foulty pedometers.

I

Farniliar WordsarrestassistcircumstanceconsistencyconstantconstiluteConstitutioncontrasIcostdistantexistinsistinstantobstaclepersistresistreststablestagestandstatestationstationarystatisticstatrrestatussubstancesubstitutesuperstition

Challenge Wordsextantinstateobstetricsreinstatestanchionslatute

iló VOCABUTARY FROM CIASSICAT ROOTS

11. restive (rës/tiv) lre <L.,,back,', ,,again,']

adj. 1. Uneasy; restless.

The closs grew restive during fhe two-hour lecture

2. Unruly.

Restive strikers closhed with the police.

restiveness, n.

12. stance (stäns)n. 7. T}:,e position of the body and thefeet while standing.

The guords ot Buckinghom poloce do notbreok their militory stãnce, even whentourists osk them questions.

2. An emotional or mental attitude.

Actress Julie Horris's portroyol of EmilyDic-kinson coptures the poet',s stonce ofself-confident reticence.

13. static (stár/ ik)adj.7. At rest; unmoving.

The dromo critic chorg.ed thot some scenes in the new ploy werestotic ond therefore dull.

2. Pertaining to electric charges.

Cleon hoir moy crockle with stotic electricity.

n. Interference in radio and television signals as a result of electri_cal disturbances.

stotic frequently inferrupted our fqvorite television progrom iust ot itsclimox.

(Also slang: Disturbing or interfering remarks.)

14. subsist (seb sist') lsub <L.,,under,,li,ntr. u. 1. To exist; to be.

Little plont life subsists obove 20,000 feet.

2.To be sustained; to live (used vnth ono, by).

Survivors subsisted for weeks on roots ond berries.

subsistence, n.

rt7TESSONS t 5 AND I ó: THE FEET

EXERCISE I óA

EXERCISE I óB

circle the letter of the best syI.{oNyM (the word or phrase most nearly

the same as the word in bold-faced tfpe)'

f . interstices in the cell wall a' growths b' spaces c' insects

d. plasterings e. messages

2. restive horses a. agile b' hungry c' eager d' unruly

e. obedient3. recalcitrant kindergartners a' cooperative b' unmanageable

c. talkative d' passive e' unmotivated

circle the letter of the best ANTON\IVI (the word or phrase most nearly

opposite the word in bold-faced type) '

4. ambulatory sellers of goods a' footsore b' hetpful c' walking

d. sluggish e. stationary5. obstinate partners a. iiritable b' inflexible c' congenial

d. flexible e. clever6.destitutetravelersa.ambitiousb.impoverishedc.displaced

d. reckless e' well-to-do7. to oust an officer a. force out b' promote c' install

d. disregard e. reassign8. a short[reamble a. eatly morningwllk. b' warm-up exerclse

c. introãuction d. summary e' conclusiong. a constituent element u. .é*uining b. nonessenlial c. political

d. vital e. mechanical10. static conditions a' unchanging b' electrical c' changing

d. unusual e. stable

circle the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is

used incorrectlY.

1. a. Forbidden to marry, according to Roman legend' Pyramus and

Thisbe talk througir the interstice of a wall and secretly agree to

meet at Ninus's tomb'b. Mountain climbers must be wary of interstices hidden by snow'

c. A student looks to holidays ^,

*êl.o-. interstices in the academic

routine.d'Betweenactsinthering,theclownintersticedthetimebygiving

balloons to the children'2. a. Because the night was so balmy, she decided to preamble to the

theater'b. At political conventions, delegates exPect much preamble before

the candidates apPear on the podium'c. When buying u hón.., one must be sure to read the deed

carefully, from preamble to closure'

lt8 VOCABUI.ARY FROM CIASSICAT ROOTS

d. The first words of the Preamble to the United States Constitutionare '"We, the people of the United States.,'

3. a. In his poem "Bereft," Robert Frost refers to a ,îestive door,'blown back and forrh by the wind.

b. The zoo keeper reported that many of the animals were restivejust before the earthquake.

c. An applicant for ajob may grow restive and anxious while waitingto hear the outcome.

_ o. Nuppi_ng in her hammock, she spent a restive summer afternoon.4. a' Awealthy patron helped the novelistJamesJoyce and his familyto subsist until his works bec rme wef knowñ.

'

b. Because he is allergic to sunshine, he subsists under an umbrella.c. Before refrigeration was invented sailors subsisted for months

chiefly on dried foods and hardtack, made of flour and. water.d. Human history subsists in alr of us, whether or not we are aware

of it.5. ,.. f soon as patients are ambulatory the hospital releases them.

b. when the weather was inclem..rt, the monks strolled in thecovered ambulatory.

.. T!,. sky divers were so severely injured that their companionscalled for an ambulatory.

d. Living so far from public transportation, the vilagers had to beambulatory to get into town.

6. a. Although destitute of talent, the young actors made the rounds ofevery theater in New york.

b. Her destitution was to make a name for herself on wall street.c. vincent van Gogh was almost destitute at the end of his life; now

his paintings sell for millions of dollars.d. English writer George orwell explored lives of the destitute and

downtrodden, recording his expèrience s in Doun ønd, out in parisand London.

7. a. The gastronome could not desist from eating alr of themouthwatering chocolate pie.

b. The guards shouted at the brawlers to desist at once.c. anies to desist from manufacturing

d. ffii'.ro...8. a. Restitution of damaged art works iequires great patience.b. The u.s. government has offered.""titotiJo to American citizens

gfJapanese ancestry who were forced to live in internment campsduring World War II.

.. Tt. injured jockeys srayed in a restitution until they were able toride again.

d. Restitution of earning power came slowly to manyAmericanwrirers blacklisted as communists during the Mcô arthy era in the1950s.

il9TESSONS 15 AND lô: THE tEEÏ

EXERCISE t óc

I

g.a.Thesoccerteamimproveditsstanceintherankingsattheendofthe season.

b il.;;ib.irr",, swanlike stance in swan Lakebrought ecstatic

under his command in World War II'

FillineachblankwiththemostaPPropriatewordfromLessonl6.Useaword or any of its forms onlY once'

1. In 1955 a grouP of army generals

Argentinian PresidentJuan Perón in a military take-over

2. During the siege of Leningrad, citizens

on scraPs that were scarcely edible, even shoe leather.

3. Irate residents demanded for the

damage done bY tree-trimmers to their exotic trees

4. Members of Congress regularly send to their

a summary of issues that concern them'

5. The earth under us does not remain ;

the ground shifts continuallY'

REVIEW EXERCISES FOR TESSONS I5 AND I ô

circle the letter of the best answer to the following analogies and questions

about roots and definitions'

l. gradi: to steP : :

a. stare: to standb. amhulnre: to climbc. calcitrare: to taP

d. sistere: to walke. foot : þaus

g

.. Çt.tt: downd. destitute : awaY frome. interstice : under

120 VOCABUI.ARY FROM CTASSICAI. ROOTS

5. which word does not derive from the Latin verb meaning ,,to step',?

^ ?._digress -b- gradient c. graduate d. regress e. restive

6. which word does not derive from the Latin îvord pes, ped.is?a' expedient b. impede c. antipodes d. pedigree- e. pedometer

t substitute the appropriate word from Lessons 15 or 16 for each word. orh phrase in parentheses in the following paragraphs. No word is used morethan once.

1. The hisrory of (the rrearmenr of thefoot) records that serious foot_and leg problems developed in thesixteenth century in Europe after thelÀvention of shoei with heers.Although orrly one- to onè-and-one-half inches high, they inducedserious swelling of the calf, even requiring bandaiing,

3. aggression : hostility: :

a. regression : advancementb. recalcitrance : obstinacyc. expedience : experienced. restitution : reprisale. constituency : opposition

4. to expedite : to impede : :

a. to impede : to degradeb. to digress : to wanderc. to oust : to retaind. to desist : to stope. to subsist: to hide

(interfered with) a person's pattern of(walking), and caused a readjustment

2- During the nineteenth century, GreatBritain used its coronies inAustralia as a prison for its most

(stubbornly resistant) criminals. Convicts were(forced out) and were forbidden to return when their sentenceswere complete. While the country exported its criminals, it

(hurried the progress of) populatingthe.new- territory ar rhe (opposite side)of the globe. /

121TESSONS l5 AND tó: THE FEET

3 Writing or Discussion Activities

l.Thesentencethatfollowsislongandawkward.Substitutesevenofthe words from Lerrons 15 and î6 to make a concise sentence having

to -or. than thirteen words, or even as few as eleven'

StubbornVotersrepresentedbyanelectedofficialmanagetospeed ,rp ,n. t.tttoval of an odcial for his slowing down the

p'.o..rrãf aid to poor farm workers who are without resources

of anY kind'

2.Whatsortsofoccasionsmakeyoufeelrestiae?recalcitrant?fnaSentenceortwoforeach*o,d,describesituationsinwhichthosewords apply to you. Be sure to include specific details'

3. What contrasts exist within your family, or within you yo.ufself, tha,t

can be called antipod,es? wriie two or tirree sentences to illustrate the

application of the word'

4. pairs of words below' Use the words

ient details to show a logicalof each Pair'

a. restitution - aggressionb. ambulatory - Pedometerc. desist - obstinated. regress - gradation