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The Periodic TableInteractive Periodic Table; www.ptable.comI II <--GROUP NUMBERS--> III IV V VI VII 0
1 2
H He1 KEY 4
3 4 Atomic number 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Li Symbol B C N O F Ne7 9 Mass number 7 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe86 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
87 88 89 �
Fr Ra Ac223 226 227
* 58 - 71 Lanthanides58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu140 141 144 145 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
� 90 - 103 Actinides90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Nd No Lr 232 231 238 237 239 243 247 247 252 (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
The Periodic TableInteractive Periodic Table; www.ptable.comGI Metals – light grey, react vigorously with water – release Hydrogen gas – reaction gets more vigorous as you go down the group.
GVII HALOGENS toxic reactive gases, liquids & solids – reactivity DECREASES as you go down!
Periodic Table Investigation• On the supplied blank outline of the periodic table.• Type in symbols for all the elements you know of which
are: – Metals– Gasses– Liquids – Non Metals (substances that are not metals)Use some form of colour scheme to distinguish the various kinds of
elements.Interactive Periodic Tables you may wish to use:www.ptable.comhttp://www.webelements.com/
Identify any possible trends in the layout of elements.
The Periodic Table
IVIII
ColumnsGroups
= Rows
The number of VALENCE ELECTRONS for any element equals it’s GROUP NUMBER
Periods II III IV V VI VII<-- Group Numbers -->
• The number of bonds made by an element is called its VALENCY.
• METALS: Valency = number of VALENCE electrons. = GROUP NUMBER.
• Non-metals: Valency = 8 - the group number.
• The number is often written as a MINUS (for non metals) - this represents the charge formed. (Negative because electrons gained)
The Periodic TableColumns - Groups - 8
Non-metals
metals
semi-metals
HalogensI
II III IV V VI VII
Rows - Periods
Nobel/Inert Gases
The Periodic TableColumns - Groups - 8
Non-metals
metals
semi-metals
HalogensI
II III IV V VI VII
Rows - Periods
Nobel/Inert Gases
The Periodic Table
I VIIIColumns-Groups
II III IV V VI VII<-- Group Numbers -->
O
Oxygen is in group 6 and period 2. It therefore has an outer electronic structure of: 2s22p4
d Block
F block
RowsPeriods
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Energy Levels
S Block
P block
O1 2 3 4 5 6