9.17.00 1:37 PM 1 3.3 Periodic Table

The Periodic Table and the Elements

Ms. Levasseur

Biology

9.17.00 1:37 PM 2 3.3 Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) •In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known to date.

•The periodic table is based on the similarity of properties and reactivity exhibited by certain elements.

•Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that each element has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized.

9.17.00 1:37 PM 3 3.3 Periodic Table

The Periodic Table A map of the building block of matter.

1IA

18VIIIA

11

H1.00797

2IIA

Periodic Table 13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2He

4.0026

23

Li6.939

4Be

9.0122

5B

10.811

6C

12.0112

7N

14.0067

8O

15.9994

9F

18.9984

10Ne

20.179

311

Na22.9898

12Mg24.305

3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8 9VIIIB

10 11IB

12IIB

13Al

26.9815

14Si

28.086

15P

30.9738

16S

32.064

17Cl

35.453

18Ar

39.948

419K

39.102

20Ca40.08

21Sc

44.956

22Ti

47.90

23V

50.942

24Cr

51.996

25Mn

54.9380

26Fe

55.847

27Co

58.9332

28Ni58.71

29Cu63.54

30Zn65.37

31Ga65.37

32Ge72.59

33As

74.9216

34Se78.96

35Br

79.909

36Kr83.80

537

Rb85.47

38Sr87.62

39Y

88.905

40Zr91.22

41Nb

92.906

42Mo95.94

43Tc[99]

44Ru

101.07

45Rh

102.905

46Pd106.4

47Ag

107.870

48Cd

112.40

49In

114.82

50Sn

118.69

51Sb

121.75

52Te

127.60

53I

126.904

54Xe

131.30

655Cs

132.905

56Ba

137.34

57La

138.91

72Hf

178.49

73Ta

180.948

74W

183.85

75Re186.2

76Os190.2

77Ir

192.2

78Pt

195.09

79Au

196.967

80Hg200.59

81Tl

204.37

82Pb

207.19

83Bi

208.980

84Po[210]

85At[210]

86Rn[222]

787Fr[223]

88Ra[226]

89Ac[227]

104Ku[260]

105 106 107 108 109

9.17.00 1:37 PM 4 3.3 Periodic Table

Reading the Periodic Table: Classification

Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases

9.17.00 1:37 PM 5 3.3 Periodic Table

Across the Periodic Table

Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7)

These elements have the same number of valence shells. 1

IA18

VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

2nd Period

6th Period

9.17.00 1:37 PM 6 3.3 Periodic Table

Down the Periodic Table Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table

(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)

These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali Family:

1 e- in the valence shell

Halogen Family:

7 e- in the valence shell

9.17.00 1:37 PM 7 3.3 Periodic Table

Periodic Table: electron behavior The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

West (South) Mid-plains East (North)METALS

AlkaliAlkaline

Transition

METALLOID NON-METALSNoble gasHalogensCalcogens

These elementstend to give up

e- and formCATIONS

These elementswill give up e- or

accept e-

These elementstend to accept

e- and formANIONS

9.17.00 1:37 PM 8 3.3 Periodic Table

2. Trend in Atomic Radius Atomic Radius:

The size of at atomic specie as determine by the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic species are those found in the SW corner since these atoms have the largest n, but the smallest Zeff.

9.17.00 1:37 PM 9 3.3 Periodic Table

3. Trend in Ionization Potential

Ionization potential:

The energy required to remove the valence electron from an atomic specie. Largest toward NE corner of PT since these atoms hold on to their valence e- the tightest.

9.17.00 1:37 PM 10 3.3 Periodic Table

Summary

Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter

Type: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal

Groupings: Representative or main, transition and

Lanthanide/Actanides

Family: Elements in the same column have similar chemical property because of similar valence electrons

Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases

Period: Elements in the same row have valence electrons in the same shell.