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Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table
Definitions:
Periods: horizontal rows of elements
Each period represents an energy level (electron cloud/circle)
Group (family): vertical column of elements with similar properties
The group tells you the number of valence electrons (in outer cloud) and the charge.
Ion: a charged atom in which the number of electrons is different from the number of protons.
Valence Electrons: electrons in the outermost shell
determine the reactivity
Periodic Table of Elements
Mettaloids: have properties similar to metals and non metals
Metals: anything to left of the mettaloids are:
malleable (can be hammered into shape)
ductile (can be stretched into wire)
good conductors of heat and electricity
lustrous (shiny)
NonMetals: anything to the right of the mettaloids line (and hydrogen) are:
brittle
insulators of heat and energy
Alkali Metals: located in column 1 (except for Hydrogen)
react with water to form alkaline solutions (need to be stored in oil)
feel softhave low melting points
Alkaline Earth Metals: column two
less reactive than Alkali metals
Halogens: in group 17
mix with group 1 to form a salt (example CL with Na)
Noble Gases: group 18
very unreactive and exist as single atoms
Transition Metals: middle of table
metals with less predictable properties