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The Past Shapes the FutureResearch in aging in a middle-aged department
Christina WolfsonApril 30th, 2015
Overview
• Population Aging• Health in older populations• Aging research in the past 50 years• Challenges and opportunities
Population Aging
Population AgingLife Expectancy at birth - 1920 to 2009 in Canada
Males Females
Canada1920 to 1922 59 611930 to 1932 60 621940 to 1942 63 661950 to 1952 66 711960 to 1962 68 741970 to 1972 69 761980 to 1982 72 791990 to 1992 75 812000 to 2002 77 82
2007 to 2009Canada 79 83
Newfoundland and Labrador 77 81Prince Edward Island 78 83
Nova Scotia 78 82New Brunswick 78 83
Quebec 79 83Ontario 79 84
Manitoba 77 82Saskatchewan 77 82
Alberta 79 83British Columbia 80 84
Life expectancy at birth, by sex, by province
years
Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM, table 102-0512 and Catalogue no. 84-537-XIE.Last modified: 2012-05-31.
Population AgingLife Expectancy - 2007/2009
Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Females
Canada 81.1 78.8 83.3 20.2 18.5 21.6Newfoundland and Labrador 78.9 76.5 81.2 18.2 16.6 19.7
Prince Edward Island 80.2 77.5 82.8 19.3 17.6 20.7Nova Scotia 80.1 77.7 82.4 19.3 17.5 20.9
New Brunswick 80.2 77.5 82.8 19.5 17.7 21.1Quebec 81.2 78.8 83.4 20.1 18.3 21.6Ontario 81.5 79.2 83.6 20.3 18.7 21.7
Manitoba 79.5 77 81.9 19.6 17.7 21.2Saskatchewan 79.6 77 82.1 19.7 17.9 21.3
Alberta 80.7 78.5 83 20.2 18.5 21.6British Columbia 81.7 79.5 83.9 20.7 19.2 22
Territories1 75.1 72.5 78.2 16.9 15.6 18.4
Life expectancies are calculated with a method that uses three years of data.1. Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut.Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM, table 102-0512.Last modified: 2012-05-31.
Life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex and by province and territory 2007/2009
At birth At age 65years
Notes:
Copyright © 2011 by Nelson Education Ltd 17-6
Population AgingABORIGINAL AND NON-ABORIGINAL POPULATION AGE, 2006 (%)
Canadian WorkforceFinancial Post, Jan 28, 2014
“Most older workers who leave career jobs return to work within a decade: Statistics Canada”
Health in older populations
•How old is old?•Are the negative aspects of aging due to growing
old or due to disease and changes in lifestyle?•Can the negative aspects be delayed?• Is Health merely the absence of disease?•What is normal aging?
Healthy, successful, optimal aging
• Terminology Widely debated• Not just the absence of disease • Greater responsibility placed on (or embraced by) the individual• Lifestyle (use it or lose it!)• Models of aging• We need more information on aging in the absence of disease, more
information on aging as distinguished from more information on the aged
The Aging Revolution
• A rapid increase in human survival• People are living longer
• New understanding of the aging process• Technology/genetics
• The changing nature of older age• Are we aging like our parents? grandparents?• What can we learn from what they experienced/are
experiencing?
Where should the resources go?
The Generations (birth cohorts)
• Lost Generation (Born 1883-1900)• Greatest Generation (Born 1901-1924)• Silent Generation (Born 1925-1942…1946)• Baby Boomers (Born 1946-1964)• Generation X (Born 1964-early 1980s)• Millennial Generation (Born early 1980s to early 2000s)
• Variation in experiences across and within cohorts• Are the boundaries at all useful?• Differences across countries challenging
Aging research in the past 50 years
• Epidemiological research in the older population• Application of rigorous methodology • In the 1980s focus on diseases of the older adult (elderly, seniors)
• Canadian Study of Health and Aging • A prevalence study of dementia in Canada (10,000 participants); two follow ups• Dementia was a common theme• 1983 WHO Study on Global Aging
• Lifetime process of aging rather than a disease based approach• Studies of aging, not only of the aged• Biological aging processes across the life span (adult development)• The aging of adult cohorts and even of birth cohorts
Individual Trajectories
8 years old 80 years old
87 years old
92 years old
34 years old
99 years old
102 years old
Variation in Trajectories
50,000 Participants from across Canada
Aged 45-85 at baseline 20 year study with
major data collection every 3 years
More than 160 researchers in 26 institutions
biology, genetics, medicine, psychology, sociology, demography, economics, epidemiology, nursing, nutrition, health services, biostatistics, population health
Canadian Response Canadian Longitudinal Study
on Aging (CLSA)
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CLSA Aim
To study aging as a dynamic process, examining the inter-
relationships among intrinsic and extrinsic factors, from mid-life to
end-of-life
Photo: Mike Melrose
17
3 PIsLocal Site PIs, Leaders of Enabling Units and Working Group
Leaders
Victoria: Debra Sheets, Lynne Young, Holly Tuokko Vancouver: Max Cynader, Michael Kobor, Theresa Liu-Ambrose SFU: Andrew Wister, Scott Lear Calgary: David Hogan, Marc Poulin Manitoba: Verena Menec, Phil St. John McMaster: Cynthia Balion, Christopher Patterson, Parminder Raina, Lauren Griffith, Harry Shannon Ottawa: Larry Chambers, Vanessa Taler Montreal: Christina Wolfson, Ron Postuma, Pierrette Gaudreau, Brent RichardsSherbrooke: Hélène Payette, Benoit CossetteHalifax: Susan Kirkland St John’s: Gerry Mugford, Patrick Parfrey Waterloo: Mary Thompson, Changbao Wu, Mark Oremus
Scientific Working Groups and Co-Investigators www.clsa-elcv.ca
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges• Prospective research
• Nimbleness• “ill” defined outcomes• Aging cohort members
• Accommodation to changing circumstancesOpportunities• Harmonization of cohorts• Canadian investment in aging research• National platform for research in aging in Canada• We are all experts in aging• Today’s seniors are more well educated, more affluent and are likely to change our current
image of old age…tomorrow’s seniors• Neglected positive aspects of aging and possible gains in old age
The CLSA is funded by the Government of Canada through CIHR and CFI, and provincial governments and universities
Connectwith us
Thank you!
Bibliography
• OS Miettinen. Epidemiological Research on Ageing. 1991. IJE 20 (suppl 1). 2-7• Linda Fried. Epidemiology of Aging. Epidemiologic Reviews. 2000; 22: 95-106• Hermann Brenner & Volker Arndt. Epidemiology in Aging Research. Exp
Gerontology. 2004:39:679-686.• Diana Kuh & the New Dynamics of Aging Preparatory Network. A Lifecourse
Approach to Healthy Aging, Frailty and Capability. J of Geront. Medical Sciences. 2007;62A:717-721.
• Richard Suzman et al. Health in an Ageing World – What do we know? Lancet 2015:385:484-486
