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The Passive House Institute US Passive House Concept, History & Economic opportunities
for the US Building Sector
Katrin Klingenberg
Director Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
ph: 217.819.7988p 8 9 [email protected]
www.passivehouse.us
Chicago June 25, 2008
1 Conceptual Overview
• The 2000 Watt Society• The 2000 Watt Society
• IEA World-Energy Outlook
C b N t lit• Carbon Neutrality
Chicago June 25, 2008
The 2000 Watt Society, Novatlantis, ETH Zuerich (www.novatlantis.ch)
World-wide average annual
(Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)
energy consumption per capita :
17,500 kWh per year
=
continuous consumption of 2000 Watts
This corresponds to limiting CO2
(www.novatlantis.ch: vision)
emissions to 1 ton per capita possible by 2050
(500 watts of fossil fuel)
( tl ti h 2000 W tt S i t )
Chicago June 25, 2008
(www.novatlantis.ch: 2000 Watt Society)
Alternative Fuel
Sources to
reduce CO2reduce CO2
Emissions:
1. Nuclear
2 RenewablesCO2 emissions estimated to
2. Renewables
3. Biofuels
4. Efficient Technologies
increase by 56%. 32% in increase still remain
unaccounted for!
Chicago June 25, 2008
Stabilizing CO2
Emissions
until 2030 through:
Passive House Technology
1. Passive House Technology
Renewables IItechnology applied
for all new
construction
2 Renewables II: 2. Renewables II:
Technological advancements in Renewable Technologies
Chicago June 25, 2008
Why Passive House?
Optimize the House… … to the Heating System
Why Passive House?
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House: Factor 10 Reduction in Space Conditioning Energy and CO2 EquivalentConditioning Energy and CO2 Equivalent
(Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)
Chicago June 25, 2008
2 Passive House Definition
• US Superinsulation History
Economic Feasibilit as Co e • Economic Feasibility as Core Concept
• Basic Metrics and • Basic Metrics and Requirements to meet the Standard
Chicago June 25, 2008
History of High Performance building in the US:The Small Homes Council
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign:Wayne Schick’s Team develops the Lo-Cal House in 1974-76
Walls:
Double stud
WallsWalls,
R-30
Roof:
R-40
Chicago June 25, 2008
Amory and Hunter Lovins finish the Rocky
Mountain Institute
in Snowmass, Colorado in 1984
“Tunneling through the cost barrier”Amory Lovins
Chicago June 25, 2008
Eugene Leger builds the Leger House in Eastern Massachusetts in the US in 1979
The Leger House looked like a conventional American home heated only The Leger House looked like a conventional American home, heated only by its own water heater
It was widely published and inspired William Shurcliff, a Harvard physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on superinsulation
Larger developments followed in Canada in 1980 (14 superinsulated homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes)homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes)
1982-83 Canada sponsors the R2000 program with free training for builders and small subsidies to offset cost and requirement for an airtightness test: a blower-door test. Over 1000 homes were built.airtightness test: a blower door test. Over 1000 homes were built.
Conservative estimate of total superinsulated homes 1985 in the states and Canada is 10,000.
Chicago June 25, 2008
Economic Feasibility as Core Concept:The Passive House Concept was further developed
in the early 1990s by Dr. Wolfgang Feist and Professor Bo Adamson following the early super-
i l i k i N h A i insulation work in North America
First Passive House Prototype built in 1990 in Kranichstein, Germany(W F i t 2006) Kranichstein, Germany
70-80% reduction in overall energy consumption, 90-95% reduction of heating and cooling energy
PASSIVHAUS
INSTITUT
(W. Feist 2006)
The German Passivhaus Institut (PHI) was founded in 1996, coordinating the concept as a
building system, science of energy g y , gymodeling/verification and development of Passive
House components.
Chicago June 25, 2008
Eliminating the conventional Heating System for Market Viability:Market Viability:
Cost asymptote occurs when standard heating system is eliminated
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House Requirements:Passive House Requirements:
Requirements: SI Units IPRequirements: SI Units IP Units
Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤15 kWh/(m2a) ≤4750 Btu/ft2( t fl )(per net floor area)
Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤15 kWh/(m2a) ≤4750 Btu/ft2(per net floor area)
Annual Total Primary Energy Demand ≤120 kWh/m2 ≤11.1 kWh/ft2
Air Leakage @ 50 Pa n50≤0.6 ACH n50≤0.1 CFM
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House recommendationsPassive House recommendationsRecommendations: SI Units IP
Heat Load: ≤10 W/m2 ≤ 1 W/ft2 Heat Load: 10 W/m 1 W/ftCooling Load: ≤ 8 W/m2 ≤ 0.8 W/ft2
Envelope Insulation: CA U≤0.26 W/m2K R≥22 hr-ft2-°F/Btu Europe U≤0.15 W/m2K R≥38 hr-ft2-°F/BtuIL U≤0 1 W/ 2K R≥56 h ft2 °F/BtIL U≤0.1 W/m2K R≥56 hr-ft2-°F/Btu
Thermal Bridge Free ConstructionLinear Thermal Transmittance Ψ≤0.01 W/mK Ψ≤0.006 Btu/hr-ft-°F
High Performance WindowsOverall Thermal Transmittance U≤0.8 W/m2K U≤0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-°FSolar Heat Gain Coefficient g-value≥50% SHGC≥50%
H t R V til tiHeat Recovery VentilationNet Efficiency η≥75% η≥75%Electric Consumption of motor ≤0.4 Wh/m3 ≤0.68 Wm/ft3
Chicago June 25, 2008
Outlook:Outlook:
Passive House construction hasconstruction has grown exponentially in Germany and Austria and continues withand continues with that trend.
10,000 passive house units had beenunits had been constructed by the end of 2007 and are inhabitedinhabited.
Chicago June 25, 2008
Passive House Institute US | PHIUSfounded in 2007 in Urbana, IL
The Passive House Institute US | PHIUS was founded to
advocate for educate about and advocate for, educate about and consult on the Passive House
Standard (90% space conditioning energy reduction)
for all future US building.
PHIUS is the only distributor of the PHPP (Passive House
Planning Package) software developed by Dr. Feist and the
only officially authorized Passive House Certifier in the country.House Certifier in the country.
PHIUS works closely with the German PHI to maintain Quality
training and construction.
Chicago June 25, 2008
training and construction.
3 Passive Houses in UrbanaFairview 1+2 and Smith House in Urbana, built in 2005-07 and 2003
Chicago June 25, 2008
Isabella Lake Passive Home in Minnesota:Mike LeBeau Conservation TechnologiesMike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies
Chicago June 25, 2008
Towards the Passive House in Duluth, MN:Skyline House Wagner-Zaun Architects, Mike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies
Chicago June 25, 2008
Solar Decathlon 2007S l D hl 2009Solar Decathlon 2009
University of Darmstadt
University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign
Chicago June 25, 2008
3 B i D i P i i l3 Basic Design Principles
En elope & The mal Comfo t • Envelope & Thermal Comfort Principles
• Basic Materials and • Basic Materials and Mechanicals Principles
Chicago June 25, 2008
Envelope and Thermal Comfort Principles
1 Continuous Insulation creating steady1. Continuous Insulation- creating steady indoor temperatures that won’t drop below 50 degrees without heating source
2 Thermal Bridge Free Construction-2. Thermal Bridge Free Construction-minimizes condensation/ building deterioration
3. Compact Building Shape- excellent surface-to volume ratio (< 1)to-volume ratio (< 1)
4. Airtightness- minimizes moisture diffusion into wall assembly
5. Balanced Ventilation with Heat Recovery with minimal Space Conditioning System - exceptional efficiency,
7. Energy Efficient Appliances and Lighting- highly efficient use of household electricity
indoor air-quality and comfort
6. Optimal Solar Orientation and Shading – maximizing solar gains for winter, minimizing
8. User Friendliness - user manuals are recommended to be given homeowners
Chicago June 25, 2008
gains for the summer case
•Passive house windowframes, door frames and d f ld li tdoors for cold climates need to be insulated
•Multiple lock systems for•Multiple lock systems for operable windows and doors to ensure air-tightness and even weartightness and even wear
•Excellent, multiple sealsat sill
Chicago June 25, 2008
Shading Devicesg
•Venetian Blinds, trellises,overhangs, balconies, decks, trees etc.decks, trees etc.
http://www.warema.com
Chicago June 25, 2008
3. The Balanced Ventilation System with minimal space conditioning system
The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator
Chicago June 25, 2008
The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator(Stirling Technologies):
Heating and DHW:
Wodtke Pellet Stove with integrated with integrated heat exchanger to be connected to the hot water system
(Images: www.viessmann.com)
Ecosmart Fire –
Ethanol burning
stainless steel fire box
Chicago June 25, 2008
stainless steel fire box
Cooling:Cooling:
Samsung EH slim ducted
Samsung Mini-Split Air-to-Air Heatpump 20 SEER
Samsung EH slim ducted
Mini-Split
Heatpump 20 SEER
Chicago June 25, 2008