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THE PASSIVE. Example of a sentence in the active voice. a lot of students. work. 1. W hen the semester starts, in the multimedia language learning lab from early morning till late in the evening. Example of a sentence in the passive voice. 2 . by. Some of these books. were written. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
THE PASSIVE
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
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1. When the semester starts, in the multimedia language learning lab from early morning till late in the evening.
Example of a sentence in the active voice
a lot of students work
2. bySome of these books were written the teachers of the Institute of Foreign Languages.
Example of a sentence in the passive voice
Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
HOW IS THE PASSIVE FORM MADE?
Formula of the passive
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
2
+to be past participle
shows the tense of the sentence
(1) -ed ,
(2) 3rd form;
remains the same for ALL tenses
E.g. Some of these books were written by the teachers of the Institute of Foreign Languages.
Past Simple
Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
HOW IS THE PASSIVE FORMED IN DIFFERENT TENSES?
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
3
TENSES THE ACTIVE THE PASSIVE
Present Simple They repair cars. Cars are repaired.
Present Continuous They are repairing the car. The car is being repaired.
Present Perfect They have repaired the car. The car has been repaired.
Past Simple They repaired the car. The car was repaired.
Past Continuous They were repairing the car. The car was being repaired.
Past Perfect They had repaired the car. The car had been repaired.
Future Simple They will repair the car. The car will be repaired.
Future Perfect They will have repaired the car. The car will have been repaired.
“Going to” They are going to repair the car. The car is going to be repaired.
Modals You must repair the car. The car must be repaired.
Infinitive They have to repair the car. The car has to be repaired.
DO ALL SENTENCES HAVE THE PASSIVE FORM?
E.g. There was a big plant in the corner of the lab. It is no longer there.
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
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NO – only those which have an object in the active voice
Someone has removed the plant from the lab.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
The plant
SUBJECT
ACTIVE
PASSIVE VERB
in the passive form
has been removed from the lab.
NO PASSIVE
• When the agent (i.e. the doer of the action) is not known:
E.g. The plant has been removed from the lab.
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
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WHY IS THE PASSIVE USED?
• When the agent is obvious: E.g. The jewellery thief was arrested yesterday. (Obviously, the police did it.)
• To sound formal and polite: E.g. Order must be observed in the lab.
• In written/ academic style: E.g. A number of attempts have been made to cure cancer.
• To place emphasis on the agent: E.g. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
CAN THERE BE TWO PASSIVE STRUCTURES OF ONE ACTIVE SENTENCE?
E.g. Kate gave John a book.
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
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YES – if the active sentence has two objects
A book was given to John.John was given a book.
WHAT ARE TYPICAL MISTAKES IN USING PASSIVE STRUCTURES?
Plural vs. singular:E.g. Jane has cleaned two rooms. Two rooms have been cleaned by Jane.
The Institute of Foreign LanguagesDr. Vilma Bijeikienė
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Auxiliary in forming questions: E.g. Did they make many mistakes in the last test? Were many mistakes made in the last test?
