The PANDA Project @ FAIRrelnp.jinr.ru/ishepp-xxii/presentations/Maggiora2.pdfSilicon MicroVertex Central Tracker GEM Detectors Drift Chambers 15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 7 Micro Vertex

“Relativistic Nuclear Physics and Quantum Chromodynamics” XXII International Baldin Seminar on High Energy Physics Problems

15th - 20th September 2014

JINR - Dubna (RUSSIA)

The PANDA Project @ FAIR

Marco Maggiora on behalf of the PANDA Collaboration

Department of Physics and INFN – Turin, Italy

Primary Beams

•1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+

•Factor 100-1000 present in intensity

•2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons

•1010/s 238U73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u

Secondary Beams

•Broad range of radioactive beams up to

1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in

intensity over present

•Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV

Storage and Cooler Rings

•Radioactive beams

•e – A collider

•1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

•Cooled beams

•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets

Key Technical Features

Facility for Antiproton

and Ion Research

The future FAIR facility

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 2

High luminosity mode

High resolution mode

• dp/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling)

• Lumin. = 1031 cm-2 s-1

• Lumin. = 2 x 1032 cm-2 s-1

• dp/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling)

• Production rate 2x107/sec

• Pbeam = 1 - 15 GeV/c

• Nstored = 5x1010 p

• Internal Target

_

p

HESR - High Energy Storage Ring

Internal Target Detector

2.3 ≤ √s ≤ 5.5 GeV

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 3

AMU Aligarh, Basel, Beijing, BITS Pillani, Bochum, IIT Bombay, Bonn, Brescia, IFIN Bucharest, IIT Chicago, AGH-

UST Cracow, JGU Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, Cracow UT, Edinburgh, Erlangen, Ferrara, Frankfurt, Gauhati,

Genova, Giessen, Glasgow, GSI, FZ Jülich, JINR Dubna, Katowice, KVIGroningen, Lanzhou, Legnaro, LNF, Lund,

Mainz, Minsk, ITEP Moscow, MPEI Moscow, TU München, Münster, BARC Mumbai, Northwestern, BINP

Novosibirsk, IPN Orsay, Pavia, IHEP Protvino, PNPI St.Petersburg, South Gujarat University, SVNIT Surat, Sadar

Patel University, KTH Stockholm, Stockholm, FH Südwestfalen, Suranaree University of Technology, Sydney, Dep.

A. Avogadro Torino, Dep. Fis. Sperimentale Torino, Torino Politecnico, Trieste, TSL Uppsala, Tübingen, Uppsala,

Valencia, NCBJ Warsaw, TU Warsaw, AAS Wien

At present 520 physicists from 67 institutions in 17 countries

The Collaboration

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 4

_ P

pp: Pellet or Cluster target

pA: wire target

_ _

Target Spectrometer

Solenoid magnet for high pt tracks:

Superconducting coil & iron return yoke

(B=2T)

Forward Spectrometer

Dipole magnet for forward tracks

(2T.m)

PANDA spectrometer

Physics Performance Report for PANDA arXiv:0903.3905 [hep-ex]

PANDA Magnet TDR http://www-panda.gsi.de/archive/public/P_magn_TDR.pdf

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 5

• Requirements

– Proton Target

– 5 x 1015 cm-2 for

maximum luminosity

• Pellet Target

– Frozen droplets 20m

– also possible: D2, N2, Ne, ...

– Status: 5 x 1015

• Cluster Jet Target

– Dense gas jet

– also D2, N2, Ne, ...

– Status: 8 x 1014

Cluster beam after nozzle

-10 0 10 20 -20 transverse position[mm]

are

al density [

a.u

.]

N2 H2

Target system

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 6

Physics Performance Report for PANDA arXiv:0903.3905

PANDA STT TDR arXiv:1205.5441v1 [physics.ins-det]

MVD STT

PANDA spectrometer: Tracking

Silicon MicroVertex Central Tracker GEM Detectors Drift Chambers

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 7

Micro Vertex Detector

• 4 barrels and 6 disks

• Inner layers:

hybrid pixels (100x100 µm2)

– 140 module, 12M channels

• Outer layers:

silicon strip detectors

– double sided strips

– 400 modules, 200k channels

• Mixed forward disks

• Continuous readout

Requirements

• c(D±) 312 m

c(Ds±) 147 m

• Vertex resolution 50 m

Silicon Microvertex Detector

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 8

• Design figures:

– σrφ ~ 150µm , σz ~ 1mm

– δp/p ~ 12% (with MVD)

– Material budget ~ 2% X0

2 Alternatives:

• Time Projection Chamber (phased out)

– Continuous sampling

GEMs readout plane

(Ion feedback suppression)

Online tracklet finding

• Straw Tube Tracker (selected!)

– about 4000 straws

– 27 µm thin mylar tubes, 1 cm Ø

– Stability by 1 bar overpressure

Central Tracker

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 9

Plastic Scintillators

PANDA spectrometer: Particle IDentification

Muon Detectors

Barrel DIRC Barrel TOF Endcap DIRC Endcap TOF

Forward RICH


15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 10

n

Lens Focussing PANDA DIRC

• Lens focussing

• shorter radiator

• no water tank

• compact pixel readout

(CP-PMTs or APDs)

beam

DIRC

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 11

Inside the solenoid Barrel: 12 layers inside the yoke + 1 bi-layer

(“zero” bi-layer) in before iron

Endcap: 5 layers + “zero” bi-layer before iron

Muon Filter, outside solenoid

4 x (60mm/Fe + 30mm/MDT)

Endcap, inside solenoid

5 layers of MDT

Barrel, inside solenoid

12 layers of MDT + “zero” bi-layer

beam direction

Outside the solenoid “Muon Filter”, 4 layers

Proportional tubes : anode signal and induction signal on 1 cm strips

Muon detector

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 12

10 000 crystals

PANDA spectrometer: Particle IDentification

PbWO4 EMC

Forward Shashlyk EMC


PANDA EMC TDR arXiv:0810.1216v1 [physics.ins-det]

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 13

• PWO is dense and fast

• Increase light yield:

– improved PWO II

– operation at -25°C

• Challenges:

– temperature stable to 0.1°C

– control radiation damage

– low noise electronics

• Delivery of crystals started

Barrel Calorimeter

• 11000 PWO Crystals

• LAAPD readout, 2 x 1cm2

• σ(E)/E1.5%/√E + 1%

Forward Endcap

• 4000 PWO crystals

• High occupancy in center

• LAAPD readout

PANDA PWO Calorimeters

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 14

Internal C target to produce

Active silicon target to stop the and

detect the hypenuclei decay products

Germanium array detector, with 15

clusters of 3 gemanium

active target

Germanium array

Foreseeen 2 KeV energy resolution,

1.3 MeV p energy resolution

beam

Hypernuclear Detector

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 15

• Particle identification essential tool

• Momentum range 200 MeV/c – 10 GeV/c

• Different processes for PID needed

PID Processes

• Čerenkov radiation:

Radiators: quartz, aerogel, C4F10

• Energy loss: p < 1 GeV

Good accuracy with TPC,

Stt system dE/dx under study

• Time of flight:

needs a start detector

• Electromagnetic showers:

EMC for e and γ

dE/dx of STT

Forward ToF

PANDA PID requirements

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 16

Particle IDentification with PANDA

DIRC MVD

EMC

STT

PANDA PID Requirements:

particle identification essential for PANDA

momentum range 200 MeV/c – 10 GeV/c

Extreme high rates 2·107 Hz

good particle separation (K-p e-p)

different detectors needed for PID

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 17

Physics Performance Report for PANDA arXiv:0903.3905

0 2 4 6 8 12 15 10

p Momentum [GeV/c]

Mass [GeV/c2] 1 2 3 4 5 6

ΛΛ

ΣΣ

ΞΞ

ΛcΛc ΣcΣc ΞcΞc

ΩcΩc ΩΩ DD

DsDs

qqqq ccqq

nng,ssg ccg

ggg,gg

light qq

π,ρ,ω,f2,K,K*

cc

J/ψ, ηc, χcJ

nng,ssg ccg

ggg

baryon/antybaryon production

EM processes:

TL form factos

Drell-Yan and TMDS

GPDs

TDA

strangeness physics

hyperatoms

S=-2 nuclear system

Ξ− nuclei

ΛΛ hypernuclei

meson spectroscopy

light mesons

charmonium

exotics states

glueballs

hybrids

molecules/multiquarks

open charm

charm in nuclei

PANDA scientific program

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 18

E. Tomasi-Gustafsson, M.P. Rekalo, PLB 504 (2001) 291

Generator:

|GM| = 22.5 (1 + q2 / 0.71)-2 (1 + q2 / 3.6)-1

= |GE|/|GM|

lower sensitivity

@ higher q2

Time-Like EM proton form factors in p + p → e- + e+

M. Sudol et al., EPJ A44 (2010) 373

L = 2 10 32 cm-2 s-1 → 2 fb-1 in 100 days

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 19

R=|GE|/|GM|

L = 2 10 32 cm-2 s-1 → 2 fb-1 in 100 days

PANDA scenario: expected results


BABAR: B. Aubert et al. PRD 73 (2006) 012005

PS170: G. Bardin et al., NPB 411 (1994) 3

pQCD inspired: V. A. Matveev et al., LNC 7 (1973) 719

S. J. Brodsky et al., PRL 31 (1973) 1153

VDM: F. Iachello, PLB 43 (1973) 191

Extended VDM: E.L.Lomon, PRC 66 (2002) 045501

E. A. Kuraev et al., PLB 712 (2012) 240

Individual determination of

|GE| and |GM|

up to q2 14 (GeV/c)2 !!

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 20

A. Dbeyssi, PhD Thesis: PANDA unofficial results

PANDA scenario: expected results


L = 2 10 32 cm-2 s-1 → 2 fb-1 in 100 days

Absolute accessible

up to q2 28 (GeV/c)2

BABAR:

B. Aubert et al. PRD 73 (2006) 012005

E835:

M. Andreotti et al., PLB 559 (2003) 20

M. Ambrogiani et al., PRD 60 (1999) 032002

Fenice:

A. Antonelli et al., NPB 517 (1998) 3

PS170:

G. Bardin et al., NPB 411 (1994) 3

E760:

T. A. Armstrong et al., PRD 56 (1997) 2509

CLEO:

T. K. Pedlar et al. , PRL 95 (2005) 261803

DM1:

B. Delcourt et al., PLB 86 (1979) 395

DM2:

D. Bisello et al., NPB 224 (1983) 379

BES:

M. Ablikim et al., PLB 630 (2005) 14

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 21

PANDA scenario: asymptotic behaviours

E. Tomasi-Gustafsson, 12th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms, Villa Monastero,

Varenna, Italy, 15 - 19 Jun 2009, pp.447, arXiv:0907.4442v1 [nucl-th]

L = 2 10 32 cm-2 s-1 → 2 fb-1 in 100 days BABAR:

B. Aubert et al. PRD 73 (2006) 012005

E835:

M. Andreotti et al., PLB 559 (2003) 20

M. Ambrogiani et al., PRD 60 (1999) 032002

Fenice:

A. Antonelli et al., NPB 517 (1998) 3

PS170:

G. Bardin et al., NPB 411 (1994) 3

E760:

T. A. Armstrong et al., PRD 56 (1997) 2509

CLEO:

T. K. Pedlar et al. , PRL 95 (2005) 261803

DM1:

B. Delcourt et al., PLB 86 (1979) 395

DM2:

D. Bisello et al., NPB 224 (1983) 379

BES:

M. Ablikim et al., PLB 630 (2005) 14

Probing the Phragmèn-Lindelöf theorem:

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 22

TMD: κT-dependent Parton Distributions

Courtesy of Aram Kotzinian

Twist-2 PDFs:

)kx,(fkd)x(f T1T2

1

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 23

Leading-twist correlator depends on

five more distribution functions:


2

1 T 1 Tf (x ) d k f (x,k ) Twist-2 PDFs

Distribution

functions Chirality

even odd

Twist-2

U

L

T

f1

g1

,

h1,

1h

1Lh

1Th

1Tf

1Tg


Transversity

Boer-Mulders

Sivers

Kinematics

q2P

Mx

1

2

1

xxx 21F -

q2P

Mx

2

2

2

s

Mxxτ

2

21

Why Drell Yan? Asymmetries depend on PD only (SIDIS→convolution with QFF)

Why ?

Each valence quark can contribuite to the diagram

p

plenty of (single) spin effects

3 planes: plane to polarisation vectors

plane

plane

*γp -

*γ-

0QM 22

Drell-Yan Di-Lepton Production — pp X -

Kinematics

2

1

1

Mx

2P q

F 1 2x x x -

2

2

2

Mx

2P q

2

1 2

Mτ x x

s

Why Drell Yan? Asymmetries depend on PD only (SIDIS→convolution with QFF)

Why ?

Each valence quark can contribuite to the diagram

p

plenty of (single) spin effects

3 planes: plane to polarisation vectors

plane

plane

*p γ-

*γ -

0QM 22

Drell-Yan Di-Lepton Production — pp X -

2 22 a a a a

a 1 2 1 22 2 aF 1 2

d σ 4α π 1e f (x )f (x ) f (x )f (x )

dM dx 9M s x x

Scaling:

Full x1,x2 range .

τ 0,1

2

F

d σ 1

sd τdx

Fermilab E866 800 GeV/c

Experimental Asymmetries @ PANDA — ( )p p μ μ X -

0 2

2 2 1 12

1 1 2 1 212

1 2 1 2

1 cos sin cos2 212

aa

a a

a T T T T

a

de f f

d dx dx d Q M

h

M

h

-

T

h p h p p pk

F F

1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 21 1 , , 1 2a aa a

T T T T T T Tf f d d f x f xd - p p p p k p pF

Unpolarised:

Single Spin:

2

2

2

22 2

2 22

1 2 2

2

1

1

212 2 1

1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1 cos sin12

sin sin

sin sin 3 4 22

a T S T

a

S T

a a

TS T T T T T T

T

a

a

T

a

a

Th h

fde

d dx dx d sQ M

M

h h

M M

f

-

-

- - - -

T

S h pk

h p

h p h p h p p p h p p

F

F

F

cos2A

2sin SA -

2sin SA

[2] 2 1 1 1DY-μμ1

Eff R 1.5 M 2.5 GeV/c 0.16 s = 0.08 s 200K Ev month 2

- - -

[1] 2

p480K ev with E 15 GeV on fixed target, 1 .5 M 2.5 GeV/c

Experimental Asymmetries @ PANDA —

p p μ μ X -

[1]A. Bianconi and M. Radici, Phys. Rev. D71 (2005) 074014 [2]Physics Performance Report for PANDA, arXiv: 0903.3905

s ~ 30 GeV2

11

a a

Tf f

1 1

a a

Th h

11

a a

Tf f

1 1

a a

Th h

1 1

a ah h

1 1

a ah h

The experimental data set available is far from being complete. All

strange hyperons and single charmed hyperons are energetically

accessible in pp collisions at PANDA.

By comparing several reactions

involving different quark flavours

the OZI rule and its possible violation, can be tested

In PANDA pp ΛΛ, ΛΞ, ΛΞ, ΞΞ , ΣΣ, ΩΩ, ΛcΛc, ΣcΣc, ΩcΩc can be produced allowing the study of the dependences on spin

observables.

QCD dynamics

_

_

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 30

The knowledge of Baryon-Baryon potential is essential for the

understanding of the composition of nuclear matter.

Nuclear NN forces are known, YN interaction,

thanks to hypernuclear physics, is relatively

known, but YY interaction is completely

unknown, there are just a few double Λ

hypernuclear events.

NAGARA

ΛΛ-hypernuclei, -atoms, Ω-atoms allow to have an insight to more complex nuclear systems containing strangeness (neutron stars, hyperon-stars, strange-quark stars, …)

The fraction of baryons and leptons in neutron

star matter arXiv:0801.3791v1

Baryon-baryon interaction

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 31

http://arxiv.org/abs/0801.3791v1

(S=±2) hyperon – antihyperon systems are fully accessible at PANDA

Double Λ Hypernucleus:

p

p

Λ

Λ n

n

2 Λ‘s replace 2 nucleons in a nucleus

p

p

-

n

n

Doubly Strange Hypernucleus:

Ξ- occupies a nuclear level

Exotic hyperatom:

p

-

e-

n p

n

Ξ- occupies an atomic level

Ξ - -nucleus interaction

• Atomic orbits overlap nucleus • Strong interaction and Coulomb force interplay • Lowest atomic levels are shifted and broadened • Potential: Coulomb + optical

Ξ -N interaction: • short range interaction • long range interaction • …..

ΛΛ strong interaction • only possible in double hypernuclei • YY potential: attractive/repulsive? • hyperfragments probability dependence on YY potential One Boson Exchange features ΛΛ ΛΛ: only non strange, I =0 meson exchange (ω,η...) ΛΛ weak interaction: hyperon induced decay:

• ΛΛ Λ n: ΓΛn

Up to now double strange systems have been produced by K- beams in the reaction:

K- (N, Ξ-) K+ (N- quasi free or bound in nucleus)

S=-2 baryon can be produced via:

Choice of the target:

free protons (hydrogen target) or protons and neutrons in a nucleus (quasi-free reactions)

Advantages of nuclear target :

a) higher cross section (scaling as ~A2/3)

b) - slowing down in dense (nuclear) matter

Disadvantages of nuclear target :

c) high background (annihilation)

d) high beam consuming (beam losses)

reaction = 2b at 3GeV/c

bar /h

Goal: maximize the “stopped Ξ-” with a suitable set-up

A new way for double strange systems

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 33

A new way for double strange systems

N

p

p

K

K Pbar +N - + bar : = 2 b; pbar (3GeV/c) below p production

I Target

bar +N Kbar+ Kbar +p + … [ - production tag]

Elastic scattering in nucleus:

strong slowing down (a challenge)

slowing down in matter

(with decay)

- capture into atomic levels and hyperatomic cascade

Capture into nucleus:

Strong and Coulomb forces

Xray

- N

conversion + sticking

p

N

2 MeV II Ta r ge t

decay (MWD,NMWD… )

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 34

Nucleus B(AZ) [MeV] B(

AZ) [MeV] Reference Reaction

10Be 17.7± 0.4 4.3±0.4 M.Danysz et al., PRL.11(1963) 29 K- + A K+ + -

6He 10.9±0.5 4.6±0.5 D.J.Prowse, PRL.17(1966) 782 K- + A K+ + -

10Be 8.5±0.7 -4.9±0.7 KEK-E176 K- + p K+ + - (q.f)

13B 27.6±0.7 4.9±0.7 S.Aoki et al., PTP.85(1991) 1287 K- + p K+ + - (q.f)

12B 4.5±0.5 P.Khaustov et al.,

PRC.61(2000)027601 (12C)atom

- 12B n

6He 7.25±0.19 1.01±0.2 KEK-E373,NAGARA H.Takahashi et

al., PRL.87(2001)212502-1 K- + p K+ + - (q.f)

12B ≈ 6-10nb K.Yamamoto et al., PLB.478(2000) 401 K- + 12C K+ + 12B

+0.18 - 0.11

+0.18 - 0.11

Status of the art:

Up to know these systems have been studied in cosmic rays or using kaon-beams: K−+ p → − + K+ From - to Double Hypernuclei

KEK, BNL-AGS, have demonstrated that the systems are produced. At JPARC with high intensity kaon-beams the goal is to stop 104 − in a nuclear target.

At PANDA the same amount of data will be collected, with the possibility to run with different nuclear targets at the same time.

ΛΛ Hypernuclei

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 35

3500 3520 MeV 3510 CBall e

v./

2 M

eV

100

ECM

CBall E835

1000

E 8

35 e

v./

pb

cc1

e+e- → Y’ → c1,2

→ e+e- → J/y

e+e- interactions:

- Only 1-- states are formed - Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution related to the detector)

- Most states directly formed

(very good mass resolution; p-beam

can be efficiently cooled)

→ J/y → e+e-

p p→ c1,2 _

pp reactions: _

Br(e+e- →y ·Br(y → hc) = 2.5 1-5 pp → hc) = 1.2 1

-3 Br( _

Antiproton power

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 36

_

Production

all JPC available

There are two mechanisms to access particular final states:

Formation

only selected JPC

Spectroscopy with antiprotons

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 37

p

p _

G

M

p

M

H

p _

p

M

H

p _

There are two mechanisms to access particular final states:

Even exotic quantum numbers can be reached σ ~100 pb

Production

Formation

only selected JPC


15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 38

p

p _

p

p _

H

p

p _

H G

All ordinary quantum numbers can be reached σ ~1 μb

p

p _

G

M

p

M

H

p _

p

M

H

p _

Even exotic quantum numbers can be reached σ ~100 pb

Production

Formation


15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 39

In the light meson spectrum exotic states overlap with conventional states

The QCD spectrum is much rich than that of the naive quark model also the gluons can act as hadron components

The “exotic hadrons” fall in 3 general categories:

(qq) g Hybrids

gg

+

Glueballs

(qq)(qq) Multiquarks

E x o

t i c l

i g h

t q

q

E x o

t i c c

c

1 -- 1 -+

0 2000 4000 MeV/ c 2

10 -2

1

10 2

Exotic hadrons

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 40

The QCD spectrum is much rich than that of the naive quark model also the gluons can act as hadron components

The “exotic hadrons” fall in 3 general categories:

(qq) g Hybrids

gg

+

Glueballs

(qq)(qq) Multiquarks

E x o

t i c l

i g h

t q

q

E x o

t i c c

c

1 -- 1 -+

0 2000 4000 MeV/ c 2

10 -2

1

10 2

In the cc meson spectrum the density of

states is lower and therefore so the overlap

Exotic hadrons

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 41

_

The B-factory experiments have discovered a large number of candidates for charmonium and

charmonium-like meson states, many of which can not be easily accommodated by theory. State

parameters are still largely unknown. Few events collected in 10 years of running

PANDA will detect 100 events per day

B-meson decay

cc

p

e+

e−

p

J/Y

Initial State Radiation

B

b

u,d

c

c

s

u,d

W−

Xcc

K(*)

X(3872) Belle, Babar, Cleo, CDF, D0

Y(3940) Belle, Babar

Y(4140)? CDF

Z(4430)

Z1(4050) Belle

Z2(4250)

1−− states

X(4008)? Belle

Y(4260) BaBar, Belle,CLEO

Y(4350) BaBar, Belle

Y(4660) Belle

e+ e+

e− e−

*

* Xcc

-collisions X(3915) Belle

Z(3930) Belle

Y(4350) Belle

Associate production

e+e−⟶J/Ψ Xcc

X(3940) Belle

X(4160) Belle e+

e−

c

c

c

c g

D(*)

D(*)

J/Ψ C+

XYZ Mesons

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 42

• masses are barely known; • often widths are just upper limits;

• few final states have been studied;

• statistics are poor; • quantum number assignment is possible for few states;

• some resonances need confirmation…

Without entering into the details of each state some general consideration can be drawn.

Arxiv:09010.3409v2 [hep-th]

There are problems of compatibility Theory - Experiment

Quantum numbers assignment and structure become clear only with high statistics,

different final states and very precise energy measurements,.

XYZ Mesons

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 43

is a convolution of the

Measured

rate

The production rate of a certain final state

CM Energy

Resonance

cross

section

BW cross section

Beam

and the beam energy distribution function f(E,E):

bBW EEEdEfL )(),(0

The resonance mass MR, total width R and product of branching ratios into the initial and final state BinBout can be extracted by measuring the formation rate for that resonance as a function of the cm energy E.

e+e−: typical mass res. ~ 10 MeV Fermilab: 240 keV

HESR: ~30 keV

Antiproton power

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 44

All the details of the PANDA experimental program are reported in the “Physics Performance Report”.

Within this document, we present the results of detailed simulations performed to evaluate detector performance on many benchmark channels.

arXiv:0903.3905v1

PANDA Physics Performance Report

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 45

on behalf of the PANDA Collaboration

THANK YOU!

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 46

2 2 21 dσ 3 1 ν1 λcos θ μsin θcosφ sin θcos2φσ dΩ 4π λ 3 2

NLO pQCD: λ 1, 0, υ 0

Lam-Tung sum rule: 1- λ = 2ν

• reflects the spin-½ nature of the quarks

• insensitive top QCD-corrections

Experimental data [1]: υ 30 %

[1] J.S.Conway et al., Phys. Rev. D39 (1989) 92.

Di-Lepton Rest Frame

Drell-Yan Asymmetries — Xμμpp-

Remarkable and unexpected violation of Lam-Tung rule

NA10 @ CERN λ, μ, ν measured in π N→μ+μ – X

υ involves transverse spin effects at leading twist [2]

If unpolarised DY σ is kept differential on kT , cos2φ contribution to angular distribution provide:

[2] D. Boer et al., Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 014012.

2 2

1 2, 1 1h (x κ ) h (x ,κ )

[1] NA10 coll., Z. Phys. C37 (1988) 545

Drell-Yan Asymmetries — Xμμpp-

[1] L. Zhu et al, PRL 99 (2007) 082301; [12 D. Boer, Phys. Rew. D60 (1999) 014012.

Boer-Mulders

T-odd Chiral-odd TMD

• ν > 0 → valence h 1 has same sign in π and N

• ν(π-W→μ+μ-X) ~ h 1 (π)valence x h 1

(p)valence

• ν(pd→μ+μ-X) ~ h 1 (p)valence x h 1

(p)sea

• ν > 0 → valence and sea h 1 has same sign,

but sea h 1 should be significantly smaller

[1]

# of partons in polarized proton depends on

Sivers effect

p pS p k

PDF

Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries: correlation functions

X

pp

pS k qp

X

pp

qSk qp

partons’ polarisation in unpolarized proton depends on

Boer Mulders effect

q qS p k

-

FF

X

pq

S p

q

Polarising Fragmentation Function

qS p p

Hadrons’ polarisation coming from

unpolarised quarks depends on

X

pq

qS ppqfragmentation of polarised quark depends on

Collins effect

q qS p p

/ , / 1ˆˆ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( )qq p q p T

kf x f x k f x k

M

- S k S p k

, / / 1

1 1 ˆˆ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( )2 2q

q

q p q p q

kf x f x k h x k

M

- s k s p k

/ , / 1ˆ ˆ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( )

qq

h q h q q q

h

pD z D z p H z p

z M

s p s p p

All these effects may may lead to

Single Spin Asymmetries (SSA):

d d

d dNA

-

PDF


X

pp

pS k qp# of partons in polarized proton depends on

Sivers effect

p pS p k

X

pp

qSk qp


Boer Mulders effect

q qS p k

-

FF

X

pq

S p

q


qS p p


unpolarised quarks depends on

X

pq


Collins effect

q qS p p

/ , / 1ˆˆ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( )qq p q p T

kf x f x k f x k

M

- S k S p k

, / / 1

1 1 ˆˆ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( )2 2q

q

q p q p q

kf x f x k h x k

M

- s k s p k

/ , / 1ˆ ˆ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( )

qq

h q h q q q

h

pD z D z p H z p

z M

s p s p p

PDF


X

pp

pS k qp# of partons in polarized proton depends on

Sivers effect

p pS p k

X

pp

qSk qp


Boer Mulders effect

q qS p k

-

FF

X

pq

S p

q


qS p p


Unpolarised quarks depends on

X

pq


Collins effect

q qS p p

Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in Drell-Yan

d d

d dNA

-

expected[1] to be small but not negligible

for HESR layout on fixed target

0 ≤ qT ≤ 1 GeV/c

√s = 14.14 GeV

[1] Anselmino et al., Phys. Rev. D72, 094007 (2005).

2 2 2 2

/

2

/

/

2 2 2

/

,

2 ,

,

,

q q q Tq q q p q qq

N

q q q T q p q qq q q p q

N

q qq

q

p

q

e d d q f xA

f x

e d d q f x f x

d

d

-

-

k k k k k

k k k k k k

k

1/2

, ,N qq q Tq pp

kf x k f x k

m

-

Originates from the Sivers function[1]:

Test of Universality

[2]

1 1( , ) ( , ) q q

T SIDIS T DYf x k f x k

-

[2] J.C. Collins, Phys. Lett. B536 (2002) 43

Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in Drell-Yan

d d

d dNA

-

expected[1] to be small but not negligible

for HESR layout on fixed target

0 ≤ qT ≤ 1 GeV/c

√s = 14.14 GeV

[1] Anselmino et al., Phys. Rev. D72, 094007 (2005).

2 2 2 2

/

2

/

/

2 2 2

/

,

2 ,

,

,

q q q Tq q q p q qq

N

q q q T q p q qq q q p q

N

q qq

q

p

q

e d d q f xA

f x

e d d q f x f x

d

d

-

-

k k k k k

k k k k k k

k

Originates from the Sivers function[1]:

[2] J.C. Collins, Phys. Lett. B536 (2002) 43

Pellet or cluster-jet target

2T Superconducting solenoid for high pt particles 2Tm Dipole for forward tracks

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 55

Silicon Microvertex detector

Central Tracker

Forward Chambers

15-20 Sep 2014 ISHEPP2014 56

Barrel DIRC Barrel TOF

Endcap DIRC Forward TOF

Forward RICH

Muon Detectors

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