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The Other Senses. Smell Taste Kinesthetic and Vestibular Sensations of Motion Skin Senses Pain. Smell. Parts of the nose are directly connected to the amygdala and hippocampus Smell often plays a large part in determining our likes and dislikes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Other Senses
Smell
Taste
Kinesthetic and Vestibular
Sensations of Motion
Skin Senses
Pain
Smell Parts of the nose are
directly connected to the amygdala and hippocampus
Smell often plays a large part in determining our likes and dislikes Anyone remember the
facial expression associated with disgust?
Animals with the best sense of smell walk on all fours Their heads are close
to the ground!
Yuck! Another smelly
diaper…
Detecting Common Odors Odorant binding
protein (OBP) Produced in nasal
gland Activates sense of
smell Olfactory epithelium
Patch of tissue in each nasal cavity where receptors are located
OBP is sprayed through a duct at tip of nose that binds with airborne molecules
Olfactory bulb Recodes information
from the axons in the epithelium
SMELL CENTER OF THE BRAIN
From here information travels along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe and brain core
How does your sense of smell adapt?
Human Olfactory System
Molecules from flower reach
receptor cells high in nasal cavity
Axons from receptors carry
nerve impulse to olfactory bulb
Olfactory bulb transmits impulses
to the brain
Communicating with Pheromones VNO activates
hypothalamus and amygdala Involved with
reproduction and defensive behavior
Pheromones can help us distinguish another animal’s identity and level of stress Hamsters use
pheromones to avoid aggressive and sexial contact with family!
Pheromones Chemical molecule
that communicates information to other members of a species and influences behavior
Stimulate receptors in the vomeronasal organ (VNO)
VNO then sends messages to another olfactory bulb
Taste
Humans are omnivores - we eat anything Girls, I’m not just
talking about guys
Taste vs. flavor Taste can be detected
with just the tongue Flavor involves not
only the tongue, but also our nose
Taste buds Each taste bud
contains a cluster of receptor cells
These cells die and are replaced every 7 days!
Locate in the tongue’s papillae (those small bumps on your tongue)
Can you explain grow your sense of taste adapts?
Kinesthetic and Vestibular Vestibular senses -
sense of equilibrium and body position (orientation) Originate in the
semicircular canals - fluid provides messages about speed and direction of body rotation
Movement of fluid in the vestibular sacs provides information about movement forward, backward, up, and down
Kinesthetic senses - relay information about muscle movement, posture, and strain on muscles and joints Stretch receptors -
specialized nerve endings attached to muscle
Golgi tendon organs - receptors attached to tendons (connect muscle to bone)
Information is constantly relayed to the parietal lobes through the spinal cord
Sensations of Motion
Awareness of vestibular senses Can you think of a time when you
notice your vestibular senses? Motion sickness - our senses send
contradictory information to our brain
The Skin Senses Our skin is our
largest sense organ Numerous nerve
receptors Input travels to the
parietal lobe and reticular formation by way of the medulla and thalamus
Skin senses can be influenced be expectations Is there a
difference between tickling yourself and being tickled by a friend?
Like your other sensory organs, skin adapts As you sit in a hot
bath it begins to feel tolerable
The larger the area being stimulated, the longer adaptation takes
Pain Pain is a warning signal
Individual differences in pain threshold Gate control theory - a “neurological gate” in
the spinal cord controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain Individual difference due to numbers of small vs.
large fibers in spinal cord Biopsychological theory - interaction of
biological, psychological, and cultural factors influence the intensity and duration of pain Individual differences depend on past experiences,
our beliefs, and personality Pain management - acupuncture and
hypnosis Placebo effect