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THE

OSPREY Volume 28 Number 4 . December 1997

CONTENTS

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NEWFOUNDLAJIo'D NATURAL mSTORY SOCIETY QUARTERLY

The Natural History Soeiety

of Newfoundland and Labrndor,lnc. PO Box 1013, SI. John'" Newfoundland A I C 5M3

Publication Mail Registration M8302 ISSN 0710-4847

THE NATURA l.. HISTORY SOCIElY OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND l..ABRADOR

PO 801. 1013. SL John's, Newfoundland Al e 5M3

Editorial Policy All Members are encouraged to contribute articles and matenal of general interest 10 the Society for publication in "The Osprey"

Amcles should. where possIble, be submitted on 3.5" High-dcnsllY IBM·formaned floppy disks. Computer users snould prepare artlcles in Microsoft Word, or Word Perfect Fonl, margins, and spacing can be adjusted by the editors. If artlcles are submitted in anv other fonn, they should be entirely print· ready. using one inch margins, single spacing and a point-size no grealer than 12. The editors reserve the right to re·format any materials received

Submission deadlines are u follows. For Issue #1 (March)· February 7, For Issue #2 (June)· May 7; For Issue #3 (September) - August 7; For Issue #4 (December). November 7

Illustrations are welcome, and should be provided in a format which is compatible with photocopying, since that is the way "The Osprey" is printed

Material should be mailed to

The Natural History Society ofNewfoundl.nd and Labrador,

r:JoJohn Pratt

29 Parsons Road. St John's, Newfoundland, AlA 2J2

or E·Mailed to jpratt@nfldcom

wThe Osprey" does not print advenising or solicitation without express consent of the Executive.

NNBS Society Officen 1997-1998

President. LenZedel 7J7-3106 (w) 154-3321 (h) Secretary Don Stccle 7J7· 7520 (w) 754·0455 (h) Vice President Rita Anderson 895·2564 Treasurer David Fifield 753.2058(w) 368·3950 (h)

Program Coordinators: 0!IllI00r WendyZdebiak 722-8538 lnlI= Becky SJare 7J8·0523

\1embenhlp David Fifield 753-2058(w) 368·3950 (h)

Osprey E<htors John Pratt 722·7584 (w) 519-9518 (h)

CNFDlrector John Pratt 570-7336(w) 519-9518 (h) Members at Large

Don Barton Laura Park Greg Warbanski Ken Hannaford Fyue Shuhood John McConnell Ian Jones Alan Stein

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Natural History Society 1998 Winter and Spring Outdoor Program

. e 1. Saturday, February 14, 1998 (or in case of inclement weather, the alternate date is Sunday. Feb. 15th)

The Annual Great Hawk (pronounced ~Awk") Walk at Robin Hood Bay

Time: 8:30AM Meeting Place: Tim Horton 's on Elizabeth Ave. East (at Torbay Rd.)

This walk will be led by Dr. Bill Montevecchi who wi ll share his extensive knowledge of the various raptors (birds of prey) which frequent this site.

To Bring: - wann, waterproof clothing and footwear - binoculars - camera

2. Saturday - February 21st (Or in case of inclement weather, the alternate date is Sunday, Feb. 22nd)

A Cros.s-Count ry Ski Trip to Petty Harbour

Time: 10:00 A.M .

• Meeting Place: The Irving Gas Bar on Bay Bulls Rd. (100 metres west of the underpass beneath the Harbour Anerial)

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Join John McConnell for a back country ski trip across the ponds. woods and valleys from behind Kilbride to the road above Petty Harbour. Deep snow is essential for this trip so late February should be a ideal time. Bring a lunch and plan to see fox, weasel, hare and vole tracks and perhaps winter birds, particularly finches and chickadees. Approximately 3 112 hOUTS.

Call John at 579-9240 if you plan to come and to check for weather or snow condition delays.

To Bring; - warm clothing - cross-country skis - a lunch or snack

3. Saturday - Marcb 21st

A Hike Tbrougb tbe Blast Hole Ponds Area

Time: 10:00 A.M. Meeting Place: Tim Horton's on Elizabeth Ave. at Torbay Rd.

This walk will be led by Len Zedel. Len will take us along his favorite hiking trail through this interesting and beautiful area.

To Bring: - warm and waterproof clothing and footwear - binoculars - a lunch or snack

4. Saturday April2Stb

An Early Spring Bike at Cape St. Mary's

Time: 8:00 A.M. Meeting Place: Tim Horton's on Kenmount Rd. (across from Can. Tire)

Enjoy a day hiking along the coastline and across the barrens at the Cape. We can expect to see many seabirds that have returned to nest for the season including gannets, murres, and kiniwakes, as well as some land birds such as pipits and horned lark. We may even see a few raplors like bald eagles on this day long excursion.

To Bring: - warm, waterproof clothing and footwear - binoculars - camera - lunch

S. Sunday, JUDe 14th

Spring Songbird Walk

Time: 8:00 A.M Meeting Place: Tim Hartons on Topsail Rd. (next to McDonalds)

Enjoy a trek to look for retwning songbirds. We will walk a couple of kilometres down Shoal Bay Rd in the Goulds towards the ocean and return via the same route. This scenic trail passes through spruce/fir forest and is boarded by alder beds - giving a good mix of habitats for our search. Phone Dave at 368~39S0 for more information.

To Bring:

6. Saturday, June 20th

~ binoculars • bird field guide ~ a snack

The Horwood Memorial Annual Lady Slipper Walk· St. Jobn'.

Time: 2:00 P.M Meeting Place: The parking lot directly across the street from the main parking tot for the Botanical Gardens

Celebrate nature's beauty by joining Don Banon for an interesting look at Lady Slippen in bloom in the S1. John 's area. This area of wildflowen was one of well known naturaJist Charlie Horwood's favorite spots.

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The Osprey Volume 28 Issue 4 December 1997

It's Winter Again!

The winter is upon us yet again. The long nights and sometimes appalling weather of January, February and March stretch before us. No doubt there will be some who will escape to a southern shore, to return tanned, relaxed and a bit smug some time when the buds begin to split - say, late June! For those of us destined to remain behind, to man the ship through the long dark winter, there should be some reward. Such rewards are where you find them, in this environment. Winter has her own attractions, to be sure. Sometimes, the very fact that the weather gives you a good excuse to stay inside and sort your slide collection, is a reward in disguise! Then, of course, there are the experiences that only winter can give us, whether it is encountering the mark of a grouse's wing carved lightly in fresh snow, or the tracks of a fox wandering along a barren headland, or watching as the wind takes shape inside a snowstorm. The Natural History Society will offer a number of outdoor and indoor programs through the winter months, and we hope you will find the time to take part. Of course, we are always interested to hear about your exploits, whether in Newfoundland or in some far-off distant land (especially if they would make a good Osprey article!)

In this issue we have printed an update to the Index that appeared in Vol. 27, #3. This should help you make better use of your collection of Ospreys. Speaking of which, the Society has a good number of back issues, 80 if you are a new member, or if some of your old Ospreys have gone missing, why not make a list of issues you would like to replace, and give us a call?

At a recent executive meeting, the Society approved a fund-raising effort to be directed at raising money for printing the Osprey. At the moment, our newsletter gobbles up most of our membership fees. We hope to attract funding from corporate sponsors, who will receive recognition in the Osprey, and one or more "memberships" in the Society, which they can donate to schools or other deserving recipients. If you know of a corporation that might be interested in participating, please let us know .

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CSPJ<EY lIrtic1e IOOex qxlate - VOL. 27, #1 through VOL. 28, #3

Volume Number Pa.e Ankle Sub'eel 28 I I Some Tips on Understanding Binoculars Binoculars 27 I 6 Newfoundland Bird Repon: Winter - Birds • January to March 27 I 16 Birding for Big Bucks - the Baillie Birds

Birdathon 27 I 17 St. Pierre el MiQuelon Bird News 1995/1996 Birds 27 I 26 Christmas Bird Counts in St. Pierre et Birds

MiQuelon Islands between 1975 and 1995 27 2 35 The Spring Migration (1996) in 5t. Pierre et Birds

Miouelon 27 3 72 Nfld. And Labrador Bird Report - April to Birds

October 1996 27 3 76 The Winter Season (1995/96) in 5t. Pierre et Birds

Miquelon 27 3 80 The Nesting Season in 51. Pierre et MiQuelon Birds 27 4 89 Breeding Harlequin Duck at Doctor's Brook Birds 27 4 96 Plum Pomt Bird Reoon Birds 27 4 98 Fall Migration (1996) in 51. Pierre el Birds

Miquelon 28 I 5 Newfoundland Region Christmas Bird Birds

Counts 1996

• 28 I 12 Nfld. Late Fall Bird Report Oct. 16 to De<; Birds 31.1996

28 I 14 Nfld. Winter Bird Report. Jan. to March Birds 1997

28 I 16 Winter Season (1996) in St. Pierre et Birds Miquelon

28 2 33 Newfoundland and Labrador Spring Bird Birds Report

28 2 37 Sprin ' Migration in S1. Pierre et Miquelon Birds 28 3 60 Nesting Season in St . Pierre et Miquelon Birds 27 2 47 A Life With Birds - Percy Taverner, Books

Canadian Omitholo ist 28 2 27 All the Birds of North America - Book Books

Review 27 I 2 Executive Report March. 1996 BUSiness 28 3 78 Just in time for Christmas! Business 27 I 12 Time for Political Action on Tomgat MIn. CNF

National Park 28 3 51 Canadian Nature Federation News CNF 27 3 64 Red Pine. Wildlife and Scleroderris Canker Ecology

in Newfoundland 27 4 93 Coyote interr.Clions wlth ArClie Hare and Woodland

Caribou in Gr05 Mome National Park Ecology •

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Volume Number Page A rticle Sub'eel 28 I 19 Spring Nature Notes from Goose Bay and SE Ecology

Ne\vfoundland 27 I I Sonng has sorun ' Editorial 27 2 28 TackJin ' the Summer Doldrums Editorial 27 3 49 Towards the Twenty-first Century! Editorial 28 3 50 Only in Ne\,,rfoundland? Editorial 27 I 3 NNHS Response to Northwest River EIS EIS 28 3 54 Terra Nova Pro'eel EIS 28 3 73 Executive Summary - Terra Nova EIS

Development Pro"ect Assessment Panel 27 4 90 Deepwater Chimaera from Labrador Waters Fish 28 2 46 Rare Bird Alert! Humor 27 3 50 Index of Articles By Topic - Vol . 16 to 26 Index 27 I 13 Soot the Ladvbu ! Insects 27 I 14 "'nsectoohiles" A-bulZ about Insectarium Insects 27 4 87 Leech - the ferocious worm In\'ertebratc:s

27 I 9 An Introduction to Lichens Lichens 27 2 34 Some Notable Plant Observations from Plants

Central and Western Newfoundland 27 2 41 Information on the Atlas of Labrador Plants Plants 27 2 42 First Flora of Woody Island, Placentia Bav Plants 28 2 30 The lsobel Watts Plant Collection Plants 28 3 69 Wildflower Societv Field Trio 1997 Plants 27 2 48 NNHS Summer Outdoor Program - 1996 Pr~~ms

28 2 49 Fall Outdoor Program 1997 Programs 28 3 59 A Field Trip to the White Hills Programs 27 2 29 Action on Protected Areas - Exerpts from a Protected

Joint Submission Areas 28 I 25 Parks and Prospectors: Finding a Balance for Protected

Protected Areas and Mining Areas 28 3 52 Letter to Premier Tobin re: Avalon Forest Protected

Eco-region Areas

NOTE: Anicles are arranged alphabetically by SUBJECT. This update covers OSPREY Vol. 27, # I through Vol. 28, # 3 inclusive .

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Pipsissewa: Some Observations of the Rare Newfoundland Wildflower, ~ IIlIlhclIiIi (L.) Bart.

Henry Mann and Ed Butt

One day in late May of 1991, Ed Butt brought in a couple of plants which had been found growing along a woods road in the Pynn's Brook area. I had not seen this species before, yet the shiny tough leaves in whorls of 3 to 5 tugged on my memory as something that should be recognized. A large dormant terminal bud above the green leathery leaves clearly indicated an evergreen perennial. Unfortunately no hint of a reproductive structure was present, not even an old stalk or capsule from the previous year. One of the plants had a portion of a creeping stem attached from which arose roots. We potted up this specimen as chances seemed good that it would survive to perhaps flower later in the summer. The other specimen was pressed and filed in the "To Be Identified- section of the herbarium. Our potted specimen seemed to do nothing for a month or more and then slowly deteriorated and died. So amid the normal flow of day to day chores, the plant was soon forgotten.

Many months later during the normal course of herbarium work, specimens of the Pyrola Family were being examined from the I.J. Green Herbarium. When the Cb.i.rnaQhila genus folder was opened, the proverbial "light bulb- went on in my mind. A rummage through the

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SWGC Herbarium soon turned up Ed's specimen and the problem was solved. The plant is e Cb.i.rnaQhila lUD.bclJ.ata, also known by the common names, Pipsissewa, Prince's-Pine, Wintergreen, and Waxflower (Figure 1). Checking Bouchard et al (1991, The Rare Vascular Plants of the Island of Newfoundland, Syllogeus No. 65, Canadian Museum of Nature) indicated that not only was it a rare species, but that only two sites were known from the north-central part of the Island placing it in the critically endangered/extreme rarity category. This find along with the unreported specimens in the Green Herbarium extended the range of this species into the Humber Valley. Then in another significant find detailed in Sarracenia 5(1), 1994, Todd Boland reported the species from the Port au Choix area of the Great Northern Peninsula. The present known distribution on the Island is indicated in Figure 2. Outside of Newfoundland, the species in its several varieties is widespread across North America, Asia and Europe. A close relative, the Spotted Wintergreen (c. maculata) occurs further south in North America, only entering Canada in southern Ontario.

Pipsissewa is generally listed as a plant of dry sandy forests. The Pynn's Brook site is well dramed, being about halfway up the north.facing Humber Valley slopes. Forests around the site were logged some years ago and are now a regenerating mixture of our two spruces, fir, birch, cherry and the typical larger shrubs of the Boreal Forest. Trailing Arbutus is also found here, a creeping shrub characteristic of certain forest types in western Newfoundland. The Chimaphi la site discovered by Ed Butt is small with only about two-dozen shoots in an area of approximately ten square meters. It is possible that these shoots could all be part of the

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• Figure 1. Pipsissewa <Cb.imaJlhil.a.w:nbcl.Lata (l.) Bart.)

One shoot, approximately normal size.

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same clone. A bulldozer had skimmed the forest vegetation off a gently sloping flat area along a secondary woods road. The open surface is now largely covered with Crackerberry e (Bunchberryl and other scattered herbs of forests and forest edges such as common Strawberry, Wild Sarsaparilla, One-Sided Pyrola, Fireweed, Pearly Everlasting, and a few yellow Hawkweeds. Occasional small shrubs of Blueberry, labrador Tea, Sheep laurel, Hairy Plumboy, Twinflower, and Creeping Snowberry occur as well as a few meter-high alder and young spruce.

It seemed unlikely that such a small population would be isolated by itself, but a search of the immediate area turned up no more Pipsissewa plants. Two subsequent extended visits eventually covered an area of several square kilometers around the site, sti ll not turning up a single plant. It just didn't feel right; something was wrong! Nothing aoout the location where the Chimaphila plants were growing seemed unique, so why were there no other populations in the area? One more attempt would be made with nose close to the ground! Moving through the woods in this fashion, I got tangled up in a dense thicket of young Balsam Fir that was totally impenetrable and whi le trying to squirm free of the clutching branches, at my feet I saw Pipsissewa! Another light bulb went on! I knew, of course, that rabbits are not found out in ponds, nor beavers up in trees, but the precise forest niche preferred by this species had been misinterpreted at this particular location and at this particular time and stage of forest regeneration. Ed's find in the open woods edge is apparently not this plant's typical required habitat in the regenerating forest. Instead, here, this species prefers deep, shady woods. To test this new-found insight, I crashed into more impenetrable thickets and in the space of half an hour, six more populations of Chimaphila were discovered in an area which had previously e been scoured -thoroughly". All of the new populations were small, of only 3 to 6 stems in an area not more than one square meter. With tattered clothes and skin, I stumbled to the wcxxls road, somewhat pleased at finding more populations. Perhaps this species is more common in certain areas of the province than our present knowledge indicates.

Naturalists have a wonderful "niche"' in life; the more thy investigate nature, the more they see, and the more questions that arise. The word "bored"' is certainly not part of their vocabulary. Although plunging into dense thickets severely taxed my ability to concentrate as well as my vocabulary of stressed situations, several interesting observations were made. Almost no other vegetation occurred in these heavily shaded microcosms, except ground mosses. All of the thickets were mainly of young Balsam Fir and/or Black Spruce. A cross section through the basal stem of a young Black Spruce (4 cm in diameter) indicated an age of 15 years. Trees of the thickets averaged about three meters in height. Are these features of habitat significant to the biology of Chimaphila or just happenstance appearances of the few sites sampled? In order to establish from seed does Chimaphila require such regenerating thickets? Are mycorrhizal fungal conditions optimum at this stage of forest development? Do current forest practices promote or inhibit the establishment of this species? Being at the limits of its ecological range in Newfoundland, the niche this species can inhabit here may be quite narrow and precise both in time and space. When the bulldozer's blade skimmed off the vegetation at the original site, the plants simply regenerated from existing rooted rhizomes in the new, more open conditions. It appears, however, that such a location would not be e colonized by seedlings.

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Figure 2:

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Present known distribution of Pipsissewa in insular Newfoundland. Solid circles are from Bouchard et al (1991), open circles refer to I.J . Green's collections, the solid triangle is the Pynn's Brook site, and the open triangle represents Todd Boland's site.

a. Flower, face view. b. Flower, underside. c. Two views of stamens. d. Mature seed capsule.

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A second series of observations were made about the plants themselves. In the dense thickets e the plants were larger, a deeper green, and appeared to be more lush and healthy. Those in the open roadside population were more yellowish-green, with more leathery smal ler leaves and more reddish pigment on the stems. Some of these differences between shade grown plants and full sun plants are well understood, such as the production of increased reddish anthocyanin pigments, but others such as being more deeply green in heavy shade are perhaps just the opposite of what might be expected. From outward appearances it seemed that the deep shade plants were vegetatively more vigorous than the open grown ones. On the other hand, none of the shade plants showed evidence of flowering, whereas flowering was common in the open growing ones. Again, a number of questions arise. How long does it take this species to reach flowering maturity from seed? Are the ecological conditions that promote seen germination different from those that promote flowering? Is flowering promoted by the natural thinning of the forest as it ages or by disturbances in the canopy which allow more light to enter? What are the agents of pollination and under what forest conditions are they most prevalent? Perhaps the answers to some of these questions already exist somewhere in the literature, but mostly we do not know very much about the detailed ecology of many of our species.

Pipsissewa is a perennial forest herb 10 to 25 centimeters tall that retains its leathery leaves throughout the year. It is slightly woody so it might be interpreted as a small shrub under some ci rcumstances. Once established, plants tend to spread vegetatively by creeping underground stems (rhizomes). Its roots have an association with forest fungi (a mycorrhizal e association) which provides nourishment for both the fungus and the plant. Apparently in this Species the dependence on the fungus is so complete that the plant cannot survive on its own. This is probably the reason why it is very difficult (impoSSible?) to grow this species outside of its natural environment. Seed germination and seedling development is also dependent on the seed coming in contact with the appropriate fungus at the appropriate time.

Inflorescences observed were umbel-like, normally of 3 to 6 flowers each, mostly 5, occaSionally 2 or 7. The lowest flowers of the inflorescence began opening on July 29 at the Pynn 's Brook site in 1994, and the last flower withered by August 14. In 1995 the first flowers opened July 30 and flowering was completed some days prior to an August 18 visit. The blooming period at this site then seems to be for two weeks from the beginning of August. In both years, the Crackerberries were just beginning to tum scarlet and Fireweed was just opening its first blossoms as Pipsissewa started to bloom. Flowers have a mild fragrance, are deep to pale pink in color, and produce nectar, all features somewhat unusual in the family Pyrolaceae. The buds and the flowers tend to droop, but as the flowers age they become more upright and finally the seed capsules are held ful ly erect. In 1995, 15 of the 23 shoots produced flowers.

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The flower of Pipsissewa is saucer-shaped with five slightly cupped pink petals (Figure 31. In the center is a large green rounded pistil with a broad flat stigmatic surface on top. Circling the pistil are ten stamens. The pollen is shed through pores at the tips of the pollen sacs (anthers). In bud, the anthers are inverted 50 that the pores are pointing downward, but as the flower opens the purplish-brown anthers slowly flip over so that the pores are pointing upward and outward. Pores are open by this time and large bees shake some of the sticky pollen out onto themselves while they are foraging for nectar near the base of the ovary. As the bees travel from flower to flower and from plant to plant, pollination is accomplished.

On July 31, 1994 near the beginning of the blooming period with only 2 or 3 of the lowest flowers open, three medium-sized "'bumble-bee'" type of bees were noted traveling from blossom to blossom over a period of about 20 minutes. Only one bee was present at a time so it was not possible to know whether the observations were of one or three different individuals. However, every open blossom of Chimaphila at the site was visited by "'each" bee and then the bee immediately left the area as though it had just come especially for the Pipsissewa flowers. This is the only type of insect that was observed visiting Chimaphila blossoms over the two blooming seasons of 1994 and 1995. The above occasion when pollinators were present was a warm, sunny day with light winds. The visit occurred in early afternoon, the warmest time of day. On several other visits weather conditions were less favorable for pollinator activity (high winds, cool temperatures, wet conditions) and no pollinators were noted .

Seeds are somewhat unusual and in some ways resemble those of the orchids, a group of plants that also relies heavily on fungal associations. When a mature capsule of Chimaphila is shaken, only a fine dust can be seen. Individual seeds are almost too small to be seen with the naked eye, being slightly longer than half a millimeter and about one tenth of a millimeter wide. Under the microscope, each seed has a tiny spherical embryo in the center surrounded by a covering of empty dead cells (Figure 4). It is easily picked up by the currents of even the slightest breeze. Many thousands of tiny seeds are produced in each capsule. The plants depend on sheer numbers to increase their chances of at least a few landing in conditions suitable for germination and growth. Unlike most seeds, Chimaphila seeds contain little stored nourishment for the germinating seedling, therefore an immediate association with a nourishing fungus must be developed if seedlings are to survive. It has been suggested that seeds will not even germinate without contacting a suitable fungal filament and this is probably why seeds will not normally germinate in cultivation.

Chimaphila has long been known as a medicinal herb. "Pipsissewa"' is apparently a name of Cree Indian origin meaning, "it breaks into small pieces", referring to its use in dissolving kidney stones. It has been used as a diuretic and a urinary antiseptic and to generally cure kidney and bladder problems. In the process it colors the urine a dark green. A variety of other uses include a tea tonic, a dressing for sores, drops for sore eyes, smoking leaves as a tobacco substitute, and others .

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Altogether we now know of sufficient populations of this species in Newfoundland to allow some detailed studies on its biology and ecology. Being a widespread species elsewhere in e North America and on the Eurasian continent, sufficient literature exists for corroboration or for contrasting its ecology in the Newfoundland climatic situation which is quite unique from the rest of its North American range. Certainly there seems no reason why a bright young student could not launch hislher biological career through a thorough study of this species.

Plant illustrations were prepared by graphic artist Warwick Hewitt and the seed drawing and distribution map by Henry Mann. The names of plants used conform to Peter Scott's list published in the Osprey 8(1): 1-29, 1977.

Figure 4. Mature seed. Scale bar - 0.65 millimeters in length.

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Korea's Ga-chi or Magpie .................. more than one too many predators

The non-migratory Ga-chi or Magpie-. brother of the Crow, Raven, European Rook and European Jackdaw, is found across parts of N. Europe and Asia plus west and central North America. In Korea the bird exists in unusually high numbers where they have invaded farms and cities roosting in trees, on telephone poles, apanment buildings. TV and radio aerials. Nobody would think of molesting them. The Ga-chi certainly is a strikingly attractive bird - large, vocal, black and white with a bluish sheen, but there is a sinister side to this artificially high population. Aside from habitat loss [mostly deforestation and wetland conversion], I suggest, at this time, that the Ga-chi is responsible for the vinual absence of small song birds in Korea.. Never have I observed such an absence of song birds in any other country, although there are similar reports from China. The only small birds I see regularly are house sparrows and I believe they continue to survive because of their habit of nesting in house cavities, especially moves, where their eggs and young are often beyond the reach of the Ga-chi. I feel that there are two predominant reasons for the Ga-chi's abundance. First. this bird is considered lucky in Korea and a bringer of happiness. Secondly, in winter, when natural foods are scarce, the Ga-chi remains robust by plundering garbage bags. Then in Spring this abnonnally large and robust population switches from garbage and begins raiding song bird nests faT eggs and young, like true predators. I commonly see flocks of more than fifty birds, especially in winter. In Korea Magpies always outnumber Crows, which have no traditional cultural protection, and this is the reverse of what I have seen in Europe and North America

If my suggestions are substantiated Koreans will want to reexamine their cultural protection of the Ga-chi and decide if they want to see and hear songbirds again. On oceanic Cheju Island, at the far south of Korea, I was delighted to hear birds again. It was the sound of a moTe beautiful Old Korea. What have the

[~:;n ~:t~J1I; :~, b:U1ls t1~n ~~:~l~~~~ ~r'~t~~~~o=:!~ %~~sZe'r~~~~

is done with the rat population and continue with Korea' s progress in forest and wetland restoration, especially by encouraging shrub thickets which offer cover, foed and hidden nesting sites for small birds .

Closer to home we have seen parallel happenings but with different birds. Cultural and legal protection plus abundant fish waste and garbage boosted the gull populations in many parts of the world which led to increased predation on smaller seabirds. Atlantic Puffin population declines and predation on Petrels (Mother Carey'S Chickens] have been well doccumented in Canada. Feral and domestic cats also kill many small animals and are partially sustained by garbage. They are much hated in Korea. In the same way racoon" populations in Canada and the U.S. are amazingly high. These wild animals sleep in disused chinmeys, feed on garbage in urban and rural areas and then raid gardens and field crops especially for sweet corn. Has anyone doccumented the predation impact of a high racoon population on nestling birds and small animals? I'd like to hear about this as I suspect these arborial omnivores are taking everything they can catch. In Newfoundland we have a new invading and expanding Coyote population which, without doubt, is growing strong on human food waste. Will it push the Newfoundland Pine Marten to extinction and reduce the rabbit (Varying Hare) catch? Maybe, but it is not likely to be doccumented. This is not a "red hening" but a disunct possibility which I've been raising in discussion since teaching at

~::~;~~~eC~eg: !::d~~~~ti~e1;eg!c~~Si~h:Oir\~~ ~~m~~~le~n~~ one animal, however cute it is, should be given extensive cultural protection, otherwise the negative results will be read in stories of the imbalance of nature .

• -Magpie is related the the English word piebald, meaning dotted black and white . • • - Korea has a similar species. a Racoon Dog, which is a poor climber and behaves like a badger.

Robin Tim Day Biologist/English Teacher Kwang-ju Girls Electronic High School, 710-3 Song jong dong, Kwang-ju City, S . Korea 506-010 Robin inviLeS discussion from other bird walChers

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Squid in Shallow Water at Black Duck Cove

A short distance south of Qarenville, along the coast, and near an old settI~t called Inglewood- , is small and deep Black Duck Cove. "The sides and bottom of this

dearwater cove are covered with green and burvundy slate stones. Some beautiful outcrops

along the shore are polished by water and time. There is s late on the facing shore of Random

Island 85 weu, one of the few active slate Quarries in Na-th America " . V.'hen I was about 8

yean old my family visit;ed this place, by boat, on II hot summer day. This would have been

about 1964. At its head Black Duck Cove has a very small rivulet running into the sea and here,

where it is shallow, we children went splashing around before a traditi~nal boil-up meal on the

beach. While we were in the water, about knee and tlUgh deep, SQuid came in around us and we

caught many and threw them back in deeper water. No one was bitten. This was a very unusual

natural history event and it needed to be written down. I remember it clearly, even afte- 34 yean.

I told tlUs story to Dr. Yeo, at the Memcrial University Marine Lab, in 1974 or 1975 and I recall

him saying that SQuid had rarely been observed in very shallow bnK:kish water. Maybe the SQuid

were chased into the shallows or were trying to dislodie parasites in the brackish condiuons.

Perhaps a specialist will follow up on these and other- ideas.

• - Hany Curr, of Han;' Cuff Publishini, St. john's, wrou. a book about the Qqxoor family of lnalewood [ 5ee

Mt'mOriaI Univ. Ilbrar}' roIkctionJ. I IilTeW up near this family which had relocated to QarenviJlfo, in the 1950's. The}' wm avid nauue lovers.

u_ Today R.ndom Island ~te is used 15 deconItive pavina at the University, rarelr as historic roofUia Uk and I have seen it sold, in Otta .... -e, as bathroom tiles.

Robin Tim Day

Kwang-ju Girb. Electrooic Conunercial Hililh School

710-3 5onQ:-jolli 00ng

Kwana-ju Citro S. Korea 505-010

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Newfoundland a nd La brador Summer Bird Report June I-August 15, 1997

8n1ce Mactavish

LOONS TO \VATERFOWL - Shearwater nwnbers materialized in early July on the southern Avalon Peninsula. An estimate of 9,000 Greater and 6,000 Sooty Sheanvaters were feeding on caplin among whales and other seabirds off Cape 51. Mary's on July 9 (8Mt). There were 40 chicks of Northern Fulman on Funk Is. in earl y August (SMa). The ad ult Little Blue Heron at 51. John's found on May 19 remained unti l June 19 (m. obs). An immature Little Blue Heron was in Bonavista on June 14 (1J). A possible Tricoloured Heron was sighted at a pond in Middle Cove on June 23 (JG). Bonavista also hosted a Cattle Egret for the first half of June (JJ). A BARNACLE GOOSE on Funk Is. on Aug. 8 was presumably a wild bird (SMa el al.). There is one previous record for the province. A female Gadwall also on Funk Is. on Aug. 8 was exceptional (BMo). Counts of non-breeding White-winged Scoten at traditional southern Avalon summer retreats were 500 at PI. La Haye and 100 at St. Vincent ' s on June 21 (KK, JW).

RAlLS TO ALCmS - One Sora made news by showing up at the unlikely location of Funk Is. on Aug. 7 & 8 (8Mo). Singing Soras were heard at Long Pd., St. John 's in late June (KK el al.) and at Goose Bay on June II (BMt). Piping Plovers counts from the southwest comer of the province were four June 7 (JW el al.) and five July 21 (TB, KK) at Cheeseman Provo Park~ two June 7 at Grand Codroy River (JW el al.) and three July 21 at Grand Bay West (TS, KK). The only Willet reported was from the Avalon Peninsula at Renews July 13 - 18 (MP, OF, 8Mt). A very early Whim brei was at Cape St. Mary's on June 24 (JP, JW); whi le 31 had arrived at Argentia by July 7 (8Mt). An unseasonable Dunlin was in Gros Morne Nat. Park on July 30 (OP). A few each of Poma rine and Parasitic Jaegers were seen harassing kihiwakes with caplin during the second week of July at St. Vi ncent's (fide JP) and Argentia (8Mt). A visiting bird tour group found a Laughing Gull at Cape Race and 2 Laughing Gulls and a Bona parte's G ull at St. Vincent's on July 12. Single third summer Lesser Black-backed Gulls were noted at St. Vincent's and Portugal Cove South on July 4 (KK, BMt). Three hundred RazorbiUs at the Cape Pine breeding site June 29 was surprisingly high count (KK).

DOVES TO WAXWINGS - A Mourning Dove was at Middle Cove Road, Avalon Pen. on June 13 (KK). A rare summertime Snowy Owl lingered at the old Argentia airfield June 20 - July 8 (HH, BMt). Short-eared Owls were widely reported indicating a good vole population. The best place to see Common Nighthawk in the province is at Goose Bay, Labrador where one was killed by a car on July 30 (PT) and another was seen hunting around street li ghts j ust after dusk on Aug. 2 (8Mt). A Chimney Swift flew over St. John' s on June 5 (JW). A pair of Ruby-tbroated Hummingbirds at a feeder in Upper Ferry, Codroy Valley on June 8 is an annual event OW el al.). Ruby-throats on the Avalon Peninsula were more unusual with a pair at a feeder in Avonda1e in late June (JP, JW) and one at Salmonier Aug. 11 (GY). A singing Least Flycatcher at 51. John 's on June 19 represented one of the few ifnot the first Avalon Peninsula record (JW). The species was singing at numerous locations around the Goose Bay area throughout the breeding season (8Mt). It was a banner year for Eastern Kiogbirds with numerous sightings across the island during June. A Purple Martin was a spring rarity at Kent 's

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Pd., 51. John ' s on June 2 (DP). A ClifT Swallow at Forest Pd., Goulds found on May 28 remained until June 4 (KK el a1.). Barn Swallows were exceptionally numerous in late e spring with an extraordinary concentration of 80 al Forest Pd., Goulds on June 4 (KK). A few Bank Swallows around the bluffs at Point Verde, Placentia Say in late June and early July indicate breeding (BMI). A scruffy looking Red-breasted Nuthatch in mixed balsam fir/aspen forest at Goose Bay, Lab. was north of the known breeding range Aug. 2 (8MI). Singing Gray Catbirds were at two of the same locations in S1. John's as the previous year, Winter Ave. and Bowring Park OW. TB). Another sang lustily at Trepassey on July 4 (KK. . BMI). A male (?) Bohemian Waxwing feedi ng a quivering-winged adult female (?) at Voisey' s Bay, Lab. on Ju ly 22 may have been some sort of breeding display (8Mt). Breeding is of yet uncontinned east of James Bay, Quebec. Recent June and July sightings from the rich ly wooded river valleys near Yoisey' s Bay and Nain, Labrador strongly suggest that Bohemians have reached the east coast as breeders.

VIREOS TO fINCHES - A Solitary Vireo overshot spring migration when it landed at Kent's Pd., S1. John ' s on June 2 (PL, JP)~ whi le seven singing in the Cape Ray area on June 7 were in the hub of the Newfoundland breeding range OW el al.). At least seven singing Red-eyed Vi reos in Goose Bay during July indicate breeding is occurring in Labrador (BMt). An Orange-crowned Wa rbler singing at Brooms Brook, Codroy Valley on June 8 was probably a migrant OW el a/.), but the presence ofa non singer at Cuslett, Avalon Pen. on June 24 is more difficult to explain (OF). Warbler specialties from Brooms Brook. Codroy Valley were three Blackburn ian Warblers and 2 Bay-breasted War blers on June 8 OW el 01.). Another &Y-breasted War bler singing in e Terra Nova Nat. Park on June 23 was east of the known breeding range (TB, GS). An Ovenbird singing quietly in an aspen grove at Goose Bay on June II was possibly the first for Labrador (BMt). A male Canada Warbler at Pasadena on July 24 was farther north than the suspected breeding range in extreme the southwest comer of the province (TB, TS). Ind igo Buntings showed up at two separate feeders in the St. John' s area on June 2 (jide KK). A Chipping Sparrow singing in Terra Nova Nat. Park on June 23 was far from the species breeding stronghold in the southwest comer of the province (TB, OS). A male La pland Longs pur was totally out of season at Cape Race on June 21 (KK. JW). White-winged C rossbill! began returning to the province in July after an eight month absence. A flock of 1000 Pine Siskins at Black Duck Siding on July 20 were part ora province wide summer influx. (TB, KK).

Observers -Todd Boland.. Chris Brown, Kevin Butler, Dave Fifield, John Green, Holly Hogan, Jon Joy, Paul Linegar. Ken Knowles, Bruce Mactavish, Bill Montevecchi . Mike Pannenter, Doug Phalen, John Pratt. Jytte Sel"". Tom & Jane Smith, Greg Stroud, John Wells, Geny Yetman.

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'[fie ja[{rnigration (1997) in St4'ierre e1, :Miquefon !sfa,,,[s !By

'lWoer l£tcfte6erry

The Fall was a rather wet and windy season. The event was a two-week presence for an American White Pelican! There were second records fo r Canvasback and Worm-eating Warbler . Shorebirds coverage was far from good; as an example, 1020 birds counted on the banks of Grand Barachois August 28, too far for good species identification, is not reflected in any of the individual species reports. Good passerine migration took place in the last days of September and first days of October.

Species Accounts

Red-throated Loon : None reported since August 7, where we (REIDL) had two birds singing in night in Miquelon. Common Loon : Although two appeared ofT the West coast of the Isthmus August 6 (RElDL), the next ones were seen only August 27 whi le I counted 22 birds ofT the West coast ofMiquelon. Regular but no significant numbers reported. They were about 12 off the South~west coast of St-Pierre November 8 (RE). Pied-billed Grebe: One bird stayed in the same pond between Sept. 23 and October 3 (U/MD). Another one was seen by DL November 22. both in St-Pierre. Red-necked Grebe: One week later than last year, there was one bird off the west coast of Miquelon Sept. 15. Thirteen other reports up to Nov. 19, maximum 12 birds (in Miquelon) October 8. Four reports for St-Pierre between October 27 and November 19 for a maximum of 4 bi rds (RElDUU/JCH). Northern Fulmar : 3 or 4 between Saint-Pierre and Miquelon October 30 (RElJCI-I). About 30 birds were off Langlade Nov. 2 (SA). Greater Shearwater : None seen (or reported) in August/September. One between Miquelon and the Burin peninsula October 10. and one between St-Pierre and Miquelon (RE/JCH). About 30 between Langlade and St-Pierre November 12 (U). The latest dale is Dec. 5 (1981). Sooty Shearwater : Same as above, one only otT the east coast of Miquelon October 7 (RE). two between Miquelon and the Burin peninsula October 10 (RElJCH). Manx Shearwater : Seen fairly regularly, in September and October for a maximum of about 100 in 2 rafts between Langlade and Saint~Pierre August 16 (RE). U had about 50 birds August 27. A few birds only were seen in September and October. The last one was seen November 12 (U) between Mique\on and Langlade. This is the latest date for the species. (former one was Oct. 29). Northern Gannet : A few as usual in September and October. There were about ten between Miquelon and the Burin peninsula October 30 (RElJCH). One off St-Pierre November 19 (DURE) is a record late, latest date was November 12 (1993). AMERICAN \VHITE PELICAN : One adult arrived near the village ofMiquelon November I, apparently after a stop on the Burin peninsula (NFLO). It and was seen and photob'Taphed by a lot of people. The bird was seen most of the time on the brrave1 banks

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of the salt lagoon (caJled Grand etang) where it was seen the first time. Last report is November 14 (RFlJCHlPH etc.) This is of course a new species. Double-crested Cormorant: Several reports between August 7 and November 11. Concentrations were seen only at a distance, and from a boat, the majority were this species among about 70 seen September 13. and majority of about 60 birds seen October 7 (REIlCH). I had 14 birds off the west coast of Miquelon October 8. Great blue HeroD : One in flight September 7 (RE) and one September 24 (U) both in St-Pierre. Snow Go05e : One individual was seen on the Isthmus Nov. 8 by Jerry Arrossamena and. possibly the same individual, seen by other hunters the same day (fide SA). One was shot at Langlade November 19 (fide SA). Canada GoO!~e: 27 birds were on a pond of the Isthmus August 28 (RE). No more than 35 birds (Sept. 25) were seen at Grand Barachois between Sept. 22 and October 29. Last report, 5 on a pond of Langlade November 8 (JPA). Wood Duck : One male in St-Pierre October 4 (R£lPA). Two males on the Isthmus October 30 (JCD). One on the east coast of Miquelon November I (U). Green-winged Teal: Several observations here and there. NB had a brood of 5 young about adult size in St-Pierre August 17. I had 30 birds at Grand Barachois October 8. Last report : two at Langlade November 8 (SA). American Black duck: Numbers started to build up August 28 at Grand Barachois with 74 birds, then III , Sept. 3; 125, Sept. 7; 152, Sept. 15; 229, Oct. 2; 300, Oct. 8; and 324 Nov. 1 and about the same number Nov. 16. (RFJU), finally 362 November 11 (JPD/JPA). Mallard: One at Grand Barachois October 7 was thought to be a possible hybrid (UIBL). Northern Pintail: Less common than usual (see nesting season report) a maximum of 60 birds was seen at Grand Barachois August 8 (RE/DL). There were 11 at Grand Barachois October 2, and 3 only November I (RE). Blue-winged Teal: One on the Isthmus August 21 (MU) and one near the Isthmus August 27 (RE). American Wigeon : Two in St-Pierre October 14 (U). CANVASBACK: This is only a second record for our islands, one female or immature seen by MD in St-Pierre September 28 and 29. Greater Scaup: One bird was in St-Pierre September 23, and 3, same site, October 26 (U). Four other reports for Miquelon and the Isthmus between October 6 and Nov. I for a maximum of7 birds (U/REIJCH). Common Eider: First seen (about 15 birds) otT the North-west coast of Miquelon October 21 (RE). About 60 birds were in St-Pierre Oct. 26, about 100 Nov. 6 and about 200 the next day (RE).The maximwn was about 270 same area November 8. U saw about 150 otT Miquelon harbour Nov. 20. Oldsguaw : Nineteen between Miquelon and St-Pierre October 27 (JCH) were 12 days later than average. There were about 45 otT the west coast ofMiquelon and about 120 to 130 off the Isthmus Nov. I (RE). U had about 200 birds off the Isthmus November 20. Black Scoter : Six otT the west coast of St-Pierre October 14 (U). Five were in company with one Surf and a few white-wings in Miquelon October 21 (RE). U had 16 birds otT

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the East coast of Miquelon October 25. In SI-Pierre, they were 9, October 26 (RE), and 13 (possibly more) November 8 (U). Surf Seoter : One off the West coast of MiqueJon October 20 and 2 1 (RE). \Vhite-winged Seoter : About 12 were off the east coast of the Isthmus August 9 (U); 7 or 8 in flight, same area Sept. 25 (RE). The species, fai rly common in this area is often to far from shore to be seen or identified correctly. Four other repons, few birds at a time, between October 3 and November 8 (RElJCH). Common Goldeneye: About 10 at Grand Barachois November 1 were 4 days later than average (RE). They were 88, same area November 27 (JPAlJPD). No other reports. Bufflehead: One male with the Goldeneyes at Grand Barachois November 1 (RE). Red-breasted Merganser : One brood of 14 aged about 3 weeks was in Mirande Lake August 7 and another one, also of 14 young, same age, was in the salt pond near the village ofMiquelon August 9 (RElDL). Another brood in Mirande lake with 6 young, % adult size was seen August 29 (RElDL). Commonly seen throughout the rest of the season with a maximum of about 60 birds at Grand Barachois November I (RE) and about 40 otT the S-W coast of the Isthmus November 20, (U). Osprey: One in St-Pierre September 18 (MD); 4 in the Cape of Miquelon September 25 (JPA, JPD); One on the cape of Miquelon (fighting with Ravens), September 27 (REISH); two near Mirande lake and one near the village ofMiquelon September 29 (RE). Last year, only two birds were seen in the first fo rtnight of October. Bald Eagle: Reports seems to indicate that only local population was observed throughout the season (m.ob.). Northern Harrier: It seemed rather uncommon last fall with only 10 reports. This fall we have 20 reports between August 27 and October 8 (MD/UIRFJDL). One female seen by MD in Miquelon August 7 was a bit early for a migrant. Last one, also seen by MD, in SI-Pierre Nov. I. SharD-shinned Hawk : Very low in numbers last fall (6 reports only) the species was fairly common this year with 31 reports between September 15 and November 2 (RElDUUIPAlMD/JCH), seen most of the time one or two at a time except at least four in Cape Miquelon Sept. 27 (RElBH) and four on the isthm us October 9 (U ). Rough-legged Hawk : Five observations only. mostl y at or near Grand Colombier, between August 16 and November I (RE/LJ). One in Miquelon September 30 (REJJCH). American Kestrel: One in Cape Miquelon September 27 and October 1 (REIPA respectively). One in St-Pierre October 4 (PA). Merlin : One male with 3 young at Langlade Aug. I is the only continued breeding record thi s year (FPA). Fairly common throughout the season with 30 reports between A ug. 4 and Oct. 25 (NBIPNMDIUIJCHlRElDBIBH.). Peregrine falcon: One well seen on the Isthmus October 2 (RE) and a possible one in St­Pierre October 18 (MD). Sora : One shot by mistake at Langlade was identified by SA, November 8. Black- bellied Plover: 5 or 6 on the Isthmus August 6 were two days later than average. Fairly common only around the end of August. There was a maximum of about 100 bi rds both on the Isthmus and near the village ofMiquelon September 5 (RE). Last seen 4 near Miquelon village November 2 (RE).

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Lesser Golden Plover: Three only on the Isthmus Sept. 2 were 9 days later than average (RfJDL). On October 8, on the meadows near the village of Miquelon, the majority of 140 birds counted there were this species (RE). They were 68 there October 21 (RE). Semipalmated Plover: The first migrants, about 30 birds, were seen on or near the Isthmus August 6; about 40 birds were near the vi llage of Miquelon August 9 (RElDL). Numerous reports of relatively low numbers which probably reflect poor coverage. Last seen, one at Grand Barachois November I (RE). Piping Plover : Unexpected according to earlier sightings was a calling adult with a flying young on the Isthmus August 6 (RFJDL). Killdeer: One heard near the village of Miquelon August 29 (RE); one near Mirande lake August 29 (MO). Greater Yellowlegs: The first fall migrants arrived in July. A few here and there as usual up to October 25 whi le U had one at Grand Barachois. Average departing date is October 12. Lesser Yellowlegs: First seen July 22. Five near Grand Barachois August 8 (RfJDL). Four other sightings between August 27 and September 6, one to two individuals at a time (REIU). Snotted Sandpiner : Among 7 seen in St·Pierre August 3, one was one feathered young (PA). Quite common at ite aux Marins August 6 (NB). About 10 (l young barely flying) on the S.W comer of the Isthmus August 6 (RfJDL). Last seen one in St·Pierre September 17. \Vhimbrel : Whi le at least 250 were reported in July, numbers in August were far be low WIth a maximum of about 30 August 9 (RElDL). More interesting were 30 to 40 birds in flight in St-Pierre September 29 (MO). Hudsonian Godwit: Four birds well seen on the Isthmus Oct 2 and one near Grand Barachois October 20 (RE). Ruddy Turnstone: About 25 on the Isthmus August 6 (RfJDL); ten other reports between August 9 and Nov. I, few birds at a time (MDIRElDL). Red Knot : Seven reports between August 28 and November I, fo r a maximum of about 40 birds at Grand Barachois October 20 (RE). Sanderling: First seen August 6 (average is August 20), about 10 birds on the Isthmus (RE/DL). Twelve other reports, with a maximum of about 40 birds at Grand Barachois October 20 (REIDUiCH). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 5 reports only! ... of few birds at a time between August 9 and Sept. 5 (RElDL). Last seen, 8 in St-Pierre September 21 (PA). Least Sandpiper: About 15 on the Isthmus August 8 (RE/DL), last seen one in St-Pierre Sept. 21 (PA); White-Rumped Sandpiper: Twenty-one reports, between August 6 and November 16, mostly on the Isthmus and near the village of Miquelon, for a maximum of about 100 September 5 (REIDUPAlNB). Last seen, 5 in St-Pierre Nov. 21 (PA). Pectoral Sandpiper: One near the Isthmus August 27. Five or6 and 10 with the Golden Plovers near the vi llage ofMiquelon October 8 and 21 respectively. About 8 were on the Isthmus October 8 (RE). Dunlin : As usual the last species to arrive (except Purples of course), 5 birds on the Isthmus September 25, 3 days later than average. Nine other reports between Oct. 2 and

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Nov. 2 with a maximum of about 80 individuals, possibly more, near Grand Barachois November 1. Last seen 3 or 4 near the vi llage of Miquelon Nov. 4 (RE). Short-Billed Dowitcher : Very rare, or underreported. One near the Isthmus August 28 (RElDL) and 3 near Grand Barachois Sept. 5 (RE). Common Snipe: Several reJX)I1s, few birds at a time, between August 19 and October 24 (RFlJCHlPNU). Last seen one at Langlade Nov. 9 (SA) and one in St-Pierre Nov. 16. American Woodcock : One in the village of Miquelon September 18 (G hi slain Detcheveny, fide JCH). Com mon Black-headed Gull: One in St-Pierre harbour from October 8 to the end of the period (P NU/RE). Ring-billed Gull: A few adults were still near Grand Barachois Nov. 1 (RE). Common Tern: One adult was feeding a flying young about adult size near Grand Barachois August 8 (RElDL). Arctic Tern : One pair feeding two flying young near Grand Barachois August 8 (RElDL). Common/A rctic Tern : Fairly common at sea Sept. 13 (RE); Last seen, a few off the east coast ofMiquelon October 7 (RE), right on average! .. Dovekie: Very few so far : on ly one near SI-Pierre Oct. 26, 8 days later than average . JCH had 3 birds off the Isthmus the next day and we (JCHIRE) had one only between St­Pierre and MiqueJon October 30. Common Murre: One bridled oiled bird in St-Pierre Nov. 6, another oiled bird seen at sea off the West coast of St-Pierre the next day (RE). Black G uillemot: Common around the islands as usual. Taking the opportunity of a calm day I counted more than 350 birds around the West and South coast of St-Pierre November 8 (RE). Atlantic Puffin: Still numerous on Grand Colombier, a few carrying food by August 16. Few bi rds were seen there as usual around the end of August; last seen there : one Sept. 13 (U). There was one between LangJade and St-Pierre Sept. 20 (U). Mournin g Dove: The first one was seen fairly early in St-Pierre August 7 (U). Sixteen reports between Sept. 18 and November 29 (U/JCHfMDINB/PA), for a maximum oftive in the village of Miquelon October 10 (JCH). C himney Swift : One in St-Pierre Sept. 27 and 28 (PA). Ruby-throated Hummingbird : One, female or immature, in St-Pierre Sept. 24 (U). Belted Kingfisher: One male, seen, and young heard in a burrow at Langlade August 1 (FPA) where one nest was found two years ago. U had one bird in Cape Miquelon and two in southern Langlade Sept. 9. Ten other reports, one bird at a time, in the 3 islands, between Sept. 18 and October 26 (UIMDIRElBHlDD/U). Northern Flicker: Well reported throughout the season, wi th occasionally several birds at a time between Sept. 17 and Nov. 8 (RElDUBHlPNMDILJ). Eastern Kingbird: Rare in fa ll , one well described by Henriette DeLizarraga in Miquelon around Sept. I. Horn ed Lark: One only on the Isthmus Sept. 25 (RE) while about 12 were near the village of MiqueJon Oct. 1 and about 30 on the isthmus the next day etc. In St-Pierre PA reported a flock of possibly 100 individuals October 25. Rather few since.

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Blue Jay: One October \3 and 15 (PA), and probably the same one Oct. 10 (Christian Fontaine, fide MO), both in St-Pierre. Black-caoDed Chickadee: Becoming quite rare ! ... One only Nov. 4 in St-Pierre (PA).

Boreal Chickadee: More or less as usual, possibly rather on the low side. They appeared more numerous near Mirande lake Sept. 25(RE) NB had the same feeling for St-Pierre Oct. 6, probably due to some migration. Red-breasted Nuthatch : Rather scarce in spring and summer, they started to reappear in the second fortnight of August: one in the town or St-Pierre August 20 (NB). There was 19 other reJX)11S between Sept. 6 and Nov. 17, few individuals at a time, and, surprisingly a total of 14 reports for St-Pierre and only 6 for Miquelon and none for LangJade (RFJDUBHlMDINBIUIPA). Golden-crowned Kinglet: None reported in most of the season! overlooked? absent ? 5 repom only. between Nov. 4 and Nov. 16 in St-Pierre and Langlade (REIPAlSAlFPA). Ruby·crowned Kinglet . A few as usual , more numerous as it was the case for several species at the end of September and early days of October (RFJDUPAlMDIBH). Last records : a few heard in Cape Miquelon Oct. 8 and one or two Oct. 10 near Mirande lake (RE). Grey·cheeked Thrush: One or two heard Sept. 9 in Miquelon (RE). NO OTHER TIlRUSHES REPORTED! .. American Robin: On bird was carrying food in St-Pierre August 10 (PA). Several hundred birds were near Mirande lake in Miquelon October 31 and more than 150, same area Nov. 4 (RE). At Langlade, W had about 40 near the east coast Nov. 12. Then just a few here and there except 58 in Cape Miquelon Nov. 22 (JCH). Gray Catbird: One in St-Pierre September 25 (MO). Northern Mockingbird: One in St-Pierre September 17 (MO). One in Miquelon Oct. 24 (U). The species is becoming quite reliable here in fall. American Pipit : The species is becoming quite rare in spring and summer but remains fai rly common in fall migration. Nineteen records between Sept. 12 and Nov. 4 (m. ob.) There was a maximum of more than 50 birds in Cape Miquelon Sept. 27 (RElBH) and PA had also more than 50 birds in St·Pierre Oct. 5. Bohemian Waxwing: 64 birds were counted near the town of St-Pierre Nov. I (MO). On the east coast of Miquelon Nov. 15, W counted 52 birds feeding on mountain-ash berries. PA had more than 50 individuals in the town of St-Pierre November 17, and five only 2 days later. Cedar Waxwing: 10 reports between August 4 and Nov. 24 (FPAlREJDUPAlBHIU) for a maximum of about 20 in the Cape of Miquelon October 8 (RE). Northern Shrike : One only so far, in the town of St-Pierre November 29 (MJB). Solitary Vireo : One in St-Pierre Sept. 2S (MO). Red-eyed Vi reo : One in Miquelon Sept. 17, one at Langlade the next day (REJDL). One in Miquelon Oct. 10 (RE); one in St-Pierre Nov. 11 (PA). Tennessee Warbler : One in St-Pierre November 4 (PA). Orange-crowned Warbler: One in St-Pierre November 8 (RE). Yellow 'Varhler : Few reports, PA had ajuvenile in St-Pierre Aug. 16. A few birds were still present in Miquelon Sept. 7 and 18 (RElDL), while NB had a fairly late one in St­Pierre Sept. 29 (average is Sept. 16 and latest Oct. I). Magnolia Warbler: One only in Cape Miquelon September 27 (RFJBH).

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Yellowrumped 'Varbler : One juvenile was found is St·Pierre August 17 (PA). The first fall migrants were first seen Sept. 7 in Miquelon (RElDL) then regularly with hundreds of individuals between Sept. 25 and Oct. 6. Fairly common up to mid-October and a few, seen mostly in St-Pierre, up to November 27 (PAlMDINBILJIBH). Black-throated green Warbler : Four observations of one bird a time between Sept. 18 and Nov.; 11 in Miquelon and St-Pierre (RE/DUMDIPA). (the latest departure date on record is Oct. 25 -1980), Palm Warbler: Fairly common between Sept. 15 and Oct. 6 (MDIREIBHlPAlNB). Last seen, one in St-Pierre Oct. 14 (U). Blacknoll \ Varbler : PA had several juveniles in St-Pierre Aug. 16. Numerous birds were in St-Pierre Sept. 7 (RE). Surprisingly only two other reports : one in Miquelon Sept. 28 (RElBH) and a rew in St-Pierre October 5 (PA). American Redstart: One only in the town of St-Pierre October 11(PA). \Vorm·eating \Varbler : One in St-Pierre October 5 (PA) is our 2nd record. It was first seen Sept. 10, 1988. Ovenbird: One only in St-Pierre Sept. 20 (PA). Northern Waterthrush : One or two still singing August 25 and 29 (RElDL). Last seen Sept. 9 in St-Pierre (RE). Mourning \ Va rbler : One adult carrying food, and one flying young seen in Miquelon August 7 (RElDL). Common Yellowthrost: 10 reports on ly and a few birds at a time between August 6 and October 10 (NBlPAlRfJDUPAlJCH). Wilson's Warbler : Very few, 5 reports on ly, few birds at a time between August 17 and Sept. 25 (pAIRE/MD). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: One immature or female in the Cape of Miquelon September 19 (RE). Blue Grosbeak : One female or immature in Miquelon August 29 (MD) and one at U ' s feeder between November 5 and 7. Indigo Bunling : One in Miquelon October 20 (RE). Dickcissel : I seen only once at PA ' s feeder November 8. (one bird overwintered successfully there last year). Lark Sparrow : One in 5t-Pierre September 24 and 25 (U). Savannah Spa rrow : Common as usual, PA had two adults and onejuveniie in St-Pierre August 16. Last seen, one in Miquelon November 15 (U). BAIRD'S SPARRO\V : One bird seen by MD September 17 and compared with nearby Savannah. Unfonunately no photographs were taken and the description given was not thought to be sufficient for a confirmed repon. Its is better considered as hypothetical. Fox Sparrow: A few birds were still singing by October 10 in MiqueJon (RE). None reponed in November. Song Sparrow: One male singing in Miquelon August 7 (RfJDL). One in the town of St-Pierre Nov. 12 (PA). Swam p Sparrow: One adult with 4 juveniles August 10; 2 adults and 2 juveniles August IS ; One adult collecting caterpillars and one juvenile August 16. This nesting data was reponed by PA, all from 51-Pierre. Fairly common everywhere up to October 8 (PAIREIDUNB/U). Last seen, one in Miquelon October 3 1 (RE).

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White-throated Sparrow: Very numerous in the Cape of Miquelon September 27 and fulther south the next day (RElBH) then fairly common up to October 10. Last seen November 2 (RE). Dark-eyed Junco : Never abundant, it was nevenheless fairly common this fall with 24 reports between September 28 to November 29 (RElBHlMDIPAlJCHlFPAIU). upland Longspur : One or two only, October 2 on the isthmus (RE). Snow Bunting: About 60 near Grand Barachois (RE) and about 40 in Miquelon (SA) November 1 were 13 days later than average. Fairly common since. Rusty Blackbird : One in flight in Cape Miquelon September 27 (RElBH). Five or 6 in the town of St-Pierre October 27 (MO). Common Grackle : One pair with 4 flying young in St-Pierre August I (RE). Seven birds were at Martial Biannic 's feeder from October 22 to 29 (fide JCH). PA reponed up to 6 individuals (once 8) at his feeder throughout the month of October. Four repons only in November up to 2 individuals only in Miquelon and St-Pierre (PAIJCH). Baltimore Oriole : One in St-Pierre Sept. 26, 27 and 28 (PA). One or two in Cape Miquelon Sept. 27 (REJBH). One in flight in St-Pierre Oct IS (RElDL). One male in the town of St-Pierre November 29 (FPA) and 30 (MJB). Pine Grosbeak: Rather uncommon, or underreponed) 8 sightings only between Sept. 17 and November 17; The maximum number was 5 or 6 birds together in Miquelon and a few other heard September 28 (RElBH). Purple Finch: Well reponed (25 reports), in rather low numbers between September 15 and November 29 (RElDl..JPAlFPAlJCHIU) in the three islands. Red Cro55bill : 4 birds in St-Pierre October 27 (RE). '''hite-winged Crossbill ' Eighteen reports for the 3 islands between September 15 and November 22 up to 40 individuals (Nov. 14 in St-Pierre U). The cone crop is extremely poor this year, these birds were seen by U feeding on Alder seeds (Alnw' Crispo). Common Redpoll : About 20 at Langlade November 9 (SA) 7 in Cape Miquelon November 22 (JCH). Pine Siskin: Fai rly common, small flocks reported in the three islands between August 15 and November 28 (pAlRElBHlJCHlU), maximum of about 50 noted in St-Pierre October 22 (RE), about 50 in Cape Miquelon November 2 (RE), about 40 in St-Pierre November 4 and about 50 Nov. 8 (U). American Goldfinch : Somewhat less numerous than last year, I I reports for St-Pierre between Aug. 9 and Nov. 29 for a maximum of about 12 birds at the feeder Nov. 28 and 29 (PA). Three were in Miquelon October 24 (U ). Evening Grosbeak: The fi rst one was seen in Miquelon October 20 (RE), 9 days earl ier than average. Regularly seen then for a maximum of about 30 birds at JCH's feeder between Nov. I. AT PA's feeder they were no more than 4 between Nov. 5 and 18. Contributon : Frederic & Patricia Allen-Mahe (FPA); Sylvie Allen-Mahe (SA); Jean­Paul Apesteguy (JPA); Pascal Asselin (PA); Michel Borotra (MJB); Nicole Berthier (NB), Marc Derible (MD); Jean-Pierre Deseon ... (JPD); Jean-Claude Detcheverry (JCD); David Detcheverry (DD); Jackie and Christine Hebert (JCH); Blair Hogman (BH). Laurent Jackman (U); Danielle Lebollocq (DL); Bruno Letoumel (BL);

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Saint-Pierre December 9 Roger ETCHEBERR Y

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Argentia Nickel Smelter Environmental Impact Assessment

The Natural History Society and other environmental groups have expressed concerns arising from the environmental assessment process currently being implemented for the Argentia Nickel Smelter. In particular, there are concerns that ofT·site impacts and cumulative impact effects will not be assessed adequately_ The project is a matter of responsibility for both the Federal and Provincial governments. While it is understandable that the proponents and governments want to avoid duplication of efTon in the assessment process, there comes a point when bureaucratic or monetary efficiency must give way to the paramount need for a reliable and comprehensive environmental assessment. If you have concerns about this project or the way in which it is being assesses, we urge you to write to your Member of Parliament, your MHA, and the Ministers of the Federal and Provincial Environment Departments. We are attaching some suggested wording for a letter, which you may wish to consider. Contact does matter - your letter could make a difference!

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The Hon. Christine Stewart Minister, Environment Canada Government of Canada clo House of Commons Onawa, ON KIAOA6

The Hon. Oliver Langdon Minister, Dept. of Environment and Labour Government of Newfoundland and Labrador c/o P.O. Box 8700, Confederation Bldg. 51. John's, NF AlB4J6

RE: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NICKEL SMELTER

Dear Ministers,

As a voting resident of Newfoundland. and someone who val ues our outdoor environment, as well as my health, I am very concerned about lnco's plans to build a nickel smelter and refinery at Argentia. I am following the fast-tracked environmental process ordered for the project and note with growing concern that, according to the company's Tenns Of Reference, the facility will not be the "state­of-the-art" faCility originally promised, but instead will meet a "technically proven and economically feasible" standard. To the best of my understanding this impl ies that sulphur dioxide emissions will now be in the 8 - 15% range, instead of at the J% level currently achievable. At currently scheduled production rates, this translates into sulphur dioxide emissions of 80,000 to 150,000 tonslyr instead of the 10,000 tonslyr impl ied by a state-of-the-art system. This output of toxic emissions is of particular concern for the Argentia location as it will be combined with the sulphur dioxide and other emissions from the Come By Chance oil refinery (which set records in Canada for high levels of emissions) and the Holyrood oil fired generating station.

Many of the problems facing us with regard to the smelter and refinery are a direct result of unequal environmental assessment processes which have been ordered for the development of the Yoisey 's Bay mineral find. The mine and mill in Labrador are receiving a full environmental assessment, complete with panel and public participant funding, while the smelter and refinery are receiving a much less stringent joint federal-provincia' "comprehensive study" in which the province is taking the lead. Unless lnco is constructing it, the power source project will receive even Jess scrutiny under the provincial process. This segmentation of the Yoisey's Bay mineral development is unfair in that it discriminates against the island portion of our province (where I live) and is contral)' to the spirit and intent of our federal legislation.

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The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act stipulates that a project must be assessed with reference to its cumulative effects, and not split into many discrete assessments. Thus the smel ter and refinery, as well as the associated power source projects must receive the same level of assessment as the mine and mi ll as they are all parts of the same mineral deposit development, and the cumulative effects must also be considered. To do otherwise is to subvert envi ronmental justice.

In the interest of a fair environmental evaluation of the mineral deposit development, and in order to ensure that the people of Newfoundland and Labrador are equally protected under our federal environmental legislation. I ask you to invoke the "one project - one assessment" principle by requiring a full Environmental Impact Assessment (E tA) of the smelter, refinery, and associated power project(s) and which includes an evaluation of the combined impacts generated by the project.

As a taxpayer of this province I am willing to pay my fair share of any additional public costs that will be associated with a full ErA. in anticipation that I will get a cleaner, healthier, environment as a result. I also expect that, at some cost to the Inco shareholders, any requirements to reduce emissions and improve monitoring wi ll result in even more high value jobs in Newfoundland. On this basis, please use your ministerial powers to ensure that this massive industrial project, which will have significant long-term affects on our health and environment, is conducted properly.

Sincerely

(Your Name and Address)

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Government Releases a Consultation Paper Regarding • an Endangered Species Act for Newfoundland and Labrador

by John Pratt

The fate of endangered species in Canada is anything but certain. While we like to think of ourselves as an environmentally progressive country that takes necessary steps to protect our environmental heritage, the truth is that Canada's track record on protection and conservation of endangered species has been spotty, at best. A recent Federal effor! at producing an Endangered Species Act to cover the responsibilities of the central government was grudgingly accepted by critics, on the basis that it represented a bare­minimum start on the problem. That legislation failed to see the light of day as a result of the 1997 Federal election.

The Federal Government and the Provinces share responsibility for endangered species. Most provinces feel that they hold the primary responsibility, because generally these species occur within the sphere of Provincial constitutional authority. Therefore, it is important that each province embark upon the creation of legislation to protect species at risk.

Newfoundland has suggested such legislation in the past, but not much has emerged from continuing discussion afthe issue - until now. In December, the Hon. Kevin Aylward, Minister of the Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods, announced that Newfoundland was prepared to move towards such legislation, and in preparation for that step, he released a Discussion Paper for public consideration. The full paper is reproduced here, with permission from the Department.

Endangered species protection is a complex issue, as this paper will reveal. However, it is essential that decisive action be taken at both levels of government. Canada must be credible in the eyes of those countries which we would like to influence on such issues as global wanning, rain forest destruction, and habitat loss. In order to anain credibility, we must have our own house in order. Effective protection for endangered species is, without question, essential in that process. Your participation is encouraged.

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INTRODUCfION

"The beauty and genius of a work of art may be reconceived, though its first material expression destroyed; a vanished harmony may yet again insp ire the composer; but when the last individual of a race of living things breathes no more, another heaven and another earth must pass before such a one can be again. n

William Beebe

William Beebe wrote this eulogy almost 100 years ago for the Great Auk. a large flightless seabird which became extirpated in Newfoundland in the early 1800's with the last pair killed off Iceland in 1844. Beebe captured eloquently the finality of extinction. Unfortunately the list of extinct species does not end with the Great Auk. The Labrador Duck. Newfoundland Wolf, Eelgrass Limpet and possibly the Sea Mink are also creatures which once called Newfoundland and Labrador home but now are only to be found in the pages of history books. Extinction has been part of a natural process since life began on this planet. However the rate of extinction has significantly acce lerated in recent times with scientists now calculating extinction rates 1,000 to 10,000 times that which would be considered natural. In almost all cases the causes of extinction, particularly in the past several hundred years can be traced back to the actions of one organism, the human species, a fact unparalleled in natural history. Nothing now can be done for these extinct species but something can be done for those species still with us but are at risk of extinction because of our actions. Today we know that plants and animals such as the Newfoundland (Pine) Marten, Wolverine, Harlequin Duck, Piping Plover, Peregrine Falcon and Longs Braya are endangered and require human intervention and protection if they are to survive. We also know that there are probably many other animals and plants which are at risk but have not yet had their status evaluated.

WHY WE ARE CONCERNED

Most Newfoundlanders and Labradorians agree that endangered species must be protected. There are a nwnber of reasons people put forward for supporting protection. We may see the need to maintain species because of benefits to ourselves, we may support the right for all species to exist. we may be concerned with the loss of biodiversity, we may feel a sense of responsibility or we may fear the consequences to the system which supports us a ll by the loss of even one component of that system. Endangered species often are indicators ofan ecosystem' s health. To save and protect the species will often result in the protection of the system as a whole and all those creatures which are dept:ndent upon it.

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PAST AND PRESENT ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSERVATION EFFORTS

The Province has been an active participant in endangered species conservation for the past e number of years. We have supported the preparation of status reports and recovery plans for species found in this Province. Currently we sit on Recovery Teams for the Wolverine, Piping Plover, Newfoundland Marten, Harlequin Duck. Peregrine Falcon and Eskimo Curlew. We actively participate in national organizations such as the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and the Recovery of Nationally Endangered Wildlife (RENEW) Committee. We also provide input on endangered species issues on the international scene by being involved with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We have been implementing recovery actions as our resources permit. A Reserve has been established to protect nesting Piping Plovers on Big Barasway beach near Burgeo. Selected areas have been closed to snaring and lrllpping to protect the endangered Newfoundland Marten and a captive breeding facil ity has also been established for this species. We monitor Peregrine Falcon populations in Labrador and we are working with Quebec on the recovery of the Wolverine.

THE NEED FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES LEGISLATION

There are significant impediments to our ability to adequately protect endangered species. First, there are many species which have no legal protection of any kind such as plants. Second, for those species which do have some fonn of legal protection we find that the protection is often insufficient. Third, habitat which is crucial for protection and recovery of any endangered species can be protected to a degree under certain Acts and Regulations but not necessarily in a manner which might meet all the needs and requirements for the protection and recovery of that species.

A NATIONAL ACCORD AND OUR COMMITMENT TO LEGISLATION

For the past 2 years provinces, territories and the Federal Government have been working towards a national approach for the conservation of species at risk. One of the goals has been to insure that all endangered species in Canada will receive a minimum level of protection. In the fall of 1996, the Province signed the National Accordfor the Protection of Species at Risk. Among the provisions of the Accord is an agreement to "establish complementary legislation and programs that provide for effective protection of species at risk throughout Canada". As well the Accord identifies certain minimum provisions which legislation should include. By signing the Accord. Newfoundland has agreed to the development and implementation of endangered species legislation. It is therefore Government's intention to proceed with endangered species legislation at the earliest possible convenience. Provincial legislation will complement Federal legislation currently being developed.

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PUBLIC CONSUL TA nON

Prior to bringing a Newfoundland Endange red Species Bill before the House of Assembly, Government would like to have the views and opinions of private citizens. groups, organizations and others as to what they think such a Bill should contain. Opinions will be gathered in 2 ways. First, anyone can submit comments in writing to the Enda ngered Species Biologist. A group of Department officials have been charged with the responsibility of deve loping the recommended provisions and sections of our endangered species legislation and then working with Legislative Counsel in the drafting afthe Act. Comments should be received no later than February 13, 1998. You can address your comments and opinions to:

Mr. Joe Brazil, Endangered Species Biologis t Inland Fish and Wildlife Divis ion

Department of Forest Reso urces and Agr ifoods P.O. Box, 8700, St. Jobn 's

Newfound land a nd Labrador AIB4J6

Telephone: (709) 729-3773 Fax: (709) 729-4989 E·mail: jbrazil@wild.dnr.gov.nf.ca

Second, a series of public consultation sessions chaired by staff of the Department of Forest Resources and Agrifoods will be announced. The time, date and location of each session will be publicly advertised. Written briefs can be presented at this time and comments will be recorded. The Conunittee will consider all of the input it receives prior to the final drafting of the Bill.

PROPOSED PROVISIONS OF A NEWFOUNDLAND ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT

Government has already given careful consideration as to what it might want to see included in endangered species legislation. A brief description of the main provisions being suggested by Government follow and should help to lead the discussion. Throughout the Act every effort will be made to insure each step in the process is transparent. Status reports, recovery plans, land management agreements, reports and decisions will all be public information. There will also be allowance for public input prior to final status designations or decisions being made.

~. The Act will apply to all species and ecosystems listed as endangered. threatened, vulnerable or extirpated. Only native species or those species which have been in the province for at least 50 years and have made it here without human intervention will be considered.

Where w ill it a oply. The Act will apply on provincial and private lands.

To whom wjll it a pply. It will apply to all persons, government departments, crown corporations, municipalities and private enterprises .

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Endangered Species Scientific Review Committee (ESSRC). A Committee will be established to oversee the preparation and review of status reports. The Committee will make status recommendations to the responsible Minister. The Committee will be e composed of respected scientists and wildlife managers who will represent the variety of life found in the province. The Committee will have a majority of members from outside government. In addition to assigning species status the Committee wi ll have a number of other responsibilities including; the development of criteria for status reports, establishing a list of candidate species. commissioning reports and preparing an annual report on the Committee' s work.

I.jstjog process. A Provincial list of designated species will be appended to the regulations. Species will be listed 2 ways. Species listed by the national organization COSEWIC, and whose range is wholly or in part in this province will automatically be listed on the provincial list. Species not considered by COSEWIC but of Provincial concern will upon designation by ESSRC and acceptance by Government be placed on the provincial list.

Emergency designatjons. There will be provision for the Minister to assign status and protection on an emergency basis.

f.m.hib..i1iIlo. Persons will be prohibited from killing, injuring, possessing, trafficking or disturbing a vulnerable, threatened or endangered species. Critical habitat and threatened and endangered ecosystems will be protected from disturbance.

Critical habitat. Critical habitat for threatened or endangered species will be identified in status reports, recovery plans or some other appropriate source. The boundaries for such habitat will be identified and gazetted. Regulations identifying prohibitions within critical habitat will be developed and implemented within 6 months to a year.

finn. Fines of up 550,000 for an individual and 5100,000 for a corporation can be assessed by the court. Second or subsequent offences will allow fo r a doubling of the fine. There will also be provision for jail sentences as well as an allowance for compensation or restoration.

I and Management Agreements. Agreements can be negotiated with private or leasehold landowners who have critical habitat upon their lands. Conditions of the agreement will become regulation for the area in question .

.En.m.o.1i.D.nl. Certain exemptions will be allowed under the Act for scientific research, recovery actions or items identified under land management agreements. All exemptions will have to meet stringent criteria with the short and long tenn viability of the species not put in jeopardy.

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Recovery Teams. These Teams may be formed to prepare Recovery Plans for extirpated, threatened and endangered species and ecosystems. The Teams may consist of managers. scientists and stakeholders who have an inlerest in the recovery of a species. Recovery Teams will also monitor the progress of recovery actions.

Recovery Plans/ResPoDse Statements Recovery Plans may be developed for extirpated, threatened or endangered species, or threatened or endangered ecosystems and will be prepared within I year of listing for endangered species and 2 years for threatened species. Recovery Plans will be prepared in a prescribed format and will have to address key issues affecting the listed spec ies, provide achievable objectives, describe specific research and management activities, and identify other actions necessary for the recovery of the spec ies. In some instances a full recovery plan may not be required, however a Response Statement as to what Government's plans are for the listed species wi ll be necessary.

Management Plans. These plans will be required for species listed as vulnerable. They will be prepared by the appropriate management agency within a prescribed time period.

We look forward to your comments, suggestions and opinions. We all share in the responsibility for protecting our endangered species and so we should also share in the developing of the tools to do the job.

DEFINITIONS

COSEWIC

Critical Habitat

Ecosystem

Endangered

ESSRC

Extinct

Committee on the Status of Endangered Species in Canada

means habitat that is identified as critical to the survival of a wildlife species in a status report, recovery plan or as identified by the Minister responsible for species at risk

a dynamic complex of plants. animals and micro-organisms and their non-living envi ronment interacting as a functional unit

a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction

Endangered Species Scientific Review Committee. An independent body of scientists responsible fo r status assignment for species of concern

A species that no longer exists

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Extirpated

Minister

Species

Threatened

Vulnerable

A species no longer existing in the wild in Newfoundland but occurring elsewhere

means the Minister responsible for Wildlife

a species, subspecies or geographically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism that is wild by nature and;

(a) native to Newfoundland or (b) has experienced a natural range extension into

Newfoundland and existed here for at least 50 years and is vulnerable, threatened or endangered elsewhere or has undergone significant genetic variation

a species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed

a species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events

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The Natural History Society of Newfoundland P.o. 801 1013

SI. Jobn's, NF Ale 5M3

• Summary of CNF affiliates meeting Ottawa, November 8-9, 1997

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1. Affiliate relations

• What should the role of the national organization be? A strong national voice on conservation issues .

• What do affi liates want/need? Affiliates identified the following three items to be of highest priority:

I. Staffinglc85b. Affiliates (paI1icularly smaller ones) were in favor of having the CNF provide funding for administrative staff. The CNF board was receptive to this idea and will explore this option.

2. Increa5ed communication/networking. Affiliates expressed a desire to be more informed about what each other and the CNF are doing.

an email list has been set up and discussions arc beginning to take place • yearly affiliate meetings were proposed supplemented by bi-yearly conference calls.

3. Expert advice. Affiliates want to be able to call on CNF expertise on local issues (and vice versa), to bring the prestige and visibility of a national organization to bear on issues.

2. Bird Conservation

North American Bird Conservation Strategy • A joint project of bird conservationists in Canada. USA and Mexico to foster greater

communication and co-operation amongst conservation efforts. • Draft of mission statement was circulated for comment.

Important Bird Areas Program • Important Bird Areas Program is an international effort to catalogue/promote/protect bird

sites that arc of rcgionaVnationaUglobal importance. • Originated in Europe and is well under way on most continents. • Administered in Canada by the CNF and Bird Studies Canada. • To date more than 30 sites have been identified and three have been officially declared:

Beaverhill Lake Alberta. Long Point Ontario and the Niagara River Corridor. • The goal for 1997/1998 is to identify SO more sites. • A regional workshop to identify sites in Newfoundland is tentatively scheduled for early

1998.

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The Natural History Society of Newfoundland p.o. Box 1013

SL John 's, NF Ale 5M3

3. National Nature Review

• A project to develop a beneT working relationship between CNF and affiliates. The idea IS to focus on one issue of national imponance each year and produce ajointly authored document.

• The final product should increase the public's awareness of the naturalist voice in Canada.

• Affiliates voted on topics with the three most popuJar being: • Status of interpretation in parks • Endangered species legislation • Canadian Environmental Assessment Act

• Initial efTon will focus on developing a questionnaire to be sent 10 all affiliates.

• Final document will be widely circulated.

4. Endangered Species Legislation

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Federal • Bill C-6S IS dead. The earliest a new bill may be drafted is by fall 1998. e • In the meantime, Environment Canada will see if any of Bill C-65 can be salvaged and used. Ifso, it

IS likely that a much weaker bill would result. The CNF board and affiliates agreed that the CNF wou ld not suppon such a bill.

, Provincial • The CNF will focus on the following provincial issues in the coming year:

1. Get one act passed - Nova Scotia 2. Get one act introduced - Newfoundland 3. Get one act improved - Ontario or New Brunswick

• CNF needs to know if we are the most appropriate provincial organization to deal with. • CNF wants to be informed of opportunities for input at local hearings, etc.

Other actions to be taken Many possibilities were debated with the following three polling the most votes:

1. Produce a Citizeos Action Guide, detailing what people can do to protect endangered species.

2. Act as a clearing bouse for Endangered Species Legislation information. 3. Draft mode1acts for provincial and federal jurisdictions.

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Getting the Tree - A Christmas Story By

John Pratt

(This story originally appeared in lhe Evening Telegram in two pans on Dec~mber 27, 1997 and January J, 1998.)

It was Christmas Eve. In some orthe houses in Urchin Cove, the Christmas trees had been up for days. Colored lights adorned the doorways and fences, and plywood reindeer scampered across the roofs. But at Edward and M'lrthtt ·s little cottage, not a decoration could be seen. Some people might have thought that Edward and Martha 's parents were mean, but they would be wrong. In the linle house at the edge of the woods. people kept to the old ways. They had a bam with a few chickens and a cow. They brought firewood in from the forest each winter, and stacked it like a tce·pee to dry all summer. And at Christmas, Ihey waited until Christmas Eve to do their decorating.

The sun was shining, high, small and cold, as Edward and Manha crossed the meadow towards the woods. "We' re getting the Christmas Tree." they told their father. "We' ll go across Round Marsh to the place where we saw some good ones last year."

" Be careful on the marsh," warned their father. "And remember to look for the big dead tree when you' re coming back. It marks the path home."

Edward hardly heard his father, in his excitement to get going. This would be his first Christmas Tree hunt, and he was sure he would find a great one. "Come on, Martha ­what are you doing in the bam?" he called. ''J'm getti ng com to feed the birds in the woods," repl ied his linle sister. "Birds. Humph," thought Edward. "They' re good to eat, but I don' t know what else they' re good for. You and your birds."

Together, the two trudged to the edge of the meadow. Edward climbed the fence, and Manha skittered under it. As she walked, Manha scattered handfuls of com from a little bag. The com fell on the crunchy snow, bouncing and rolling every which way. "I don ' t see no birds," teased Edward. "They wait until we go," said Martha. " Yeah. How do you know?" asked Edward . " Maybe they never eat that com at all. Maybe the com just goes to mush when the spring comes."

"They eat it. J don ' t have to see them. I know they do:' said Martha, directing a handful into a likely looking hollow. They marched on.

Round Marsh was a vast open space bc:hmd Urc hin Cove, ringed all around by the dark fir forest. In the autwnn, it was covered with berries, and everyone from the Cove went there to pick bakeapples, panridgeberrics. and marshberries. In winter. it looked like a big upside down plate, higher in the middle than on the edges, and completely featureless.

As they left the shelter of the woods, Edward made note of the big dead tree beside the trail. He remembered its bare, twisted branches from his last trip to Round Marsh . A big

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one had fallen off, and Manha tripped over it, spilling some of her com. She was about to • sweep it back into her bag, but Edward was in a hurry. "Come on," he said. "It 's getting cloudy. We better get this tree and get home."

They crossed the marsh towards a thicket on the other side, where Edward was sure he would find the best Christmas tree ever. Overhead, a single crow cawed as it new towards the woods, but otherwise there was no sound, except for the crunch of their boots in the snow. A fine snow drifted down, and a tiny breeze blew in from the east.

By the time they reached the thicket, the s)..-y was grey. The breeze had become stronger, and the snow more persistent. Edward had been right~ there were some good trees in the thicket. Going from one to the next, he carefully chose the best. His axe thunked against the sappy bark once, twice, a dozen times, and with a creak and a swoosh, the Christmas Tree dropped softly to the snow. Edward lopped ofT a few lower limbs, and tied a hauling rope to the trunk. He gave one end to Martha. "All right. make yourself useful," he said. "Let 's get home."

The snow was falling heavily and the wind was blowing hard when they reached the edge of Round Marsh again. In front of them, there was nothing but a field of white. Their footprints had filled in with snow, and they could not see where the ground stopped and the sky began. "Where do we goT' asked Martha.

"I don' t know," said Edward, quietly.

Edward and Manha looked out across Round Marsh. When they had come across that broad open place an hour or so ago, the sun had been shining. and it had been a good day to think about Christmas. Their mission had been accomplished, and the freshly cut fir tree Jay behind them in the deepening snow. "Where do we go, Edward?" asked Martha.

Edward squinted into the stonn, which had come up ever so suddenly. As hard as he tried, he could not see the big dead tree that marked the path out of the marsh. He was afraid to head off in the wrong direction, because the marsh was huge, and he knew how easy it would be to get lost. "We don"t go nowhere. We stay here, and wait for this stonn to knock off," Edward announced. He took his axe, and knocked a pile of branches off some nearby trees. He found a snag ofblow-doWTIs and stomped the snow flat beneath them Then, he laid his branches on the ground, and put more up as a wind break. It was a poor shelter, but better than none. He put the new Christmas Tree against one side. "We ' li sit here out of the wind. This \\,on'tlast," he said.

Together, Edward and Martha huddled against the stonn. The time seemed endless, and to amuse herself Martha began to list ofT all the birds she had seen in the woods behind her house at Urchin Cove. "There' s b'TOUSc:, and jays, and sparrows, and chickadees, and snowbirds, and yellowhammers, there's wood pickers and crows, there 's mopes, and patridge on the marsh," she recited in a little sing-song voice. Edward was afraid she was going to fall asleep. "What about dO\vn by the water?" he asked, hoping to keep her awake. ""What birds are down by the water?" "There's bull birds, and pigeons, and tUfTS,

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and there' s gulls, and saddlebacks, and tickle-asses, there 's pie-ducks, and shell-ducks, and hounds, and sometimes, there' s lords-and-Iadies," sang Martha. "But they don 't eat my com." She fumbled in her pocket for the little bag of com, now almost empty. She had scattered most of it on the way in to the woods, and spilled quite a bit when she fell by the hig dead tree. She took out a handful and flicked it outside the little cave of boughs.

The com glowed yellow against the snow. Martha and Edward stared at it - it seemed so bright, somehow. And then, suddenly, there was a grouse, eating the com, and another, and another. Solemnly, quietly, the three fat brown birds circled the little stash of seed, pecking one grain at a time. Martha flicked out another handful, and the birds ate that up, too. When they had finished, they walked in a zig-zag line into the woods. " I told you they ate it. I told you," shouted Martha, now \vide awake. "See? You saw them. f never had to see them - I knew. But now we both know, .. she said proudly.

Edward couldn ' t resist . ' 'They'd taste good, I bet," he teased. "All fattened up on com". "Stop it," said Martha. "You aren ' t nice." They bickered in a brother-and-sister way for a time, until they noticed that the stann had let up. "Hey, I think we can go," said Edward.

They looked out across Round Marsh, and Edward let out a little b'Toan. " Where' s the dead tree?" he asked. Sure enough, the tree was not to be seen. " It must have blown down in the stann," said Martha. "What will we do now?"

But just as they were beginning to worry that their troubles were not over, there was a flurry of wings behind them. Three plump brown birds rocketed out of the forest , and flew straight across the marsh. They landed at the edge, and began pecking on the ground. "My com! They' re eating my com, where I spilled it by the dead tree!"' shouted Martha. They grabbed the hauling rope on the Christmas Tree. Edward took a mark on a tall spruce near the spot where the grouse had landed, and they set out.

As they neared the top of the marsh, they heard shouts from the woods on the far side. The grouse flew off, and Edward' s father and uncle appeared at the trailhead. "There they are!" cried the men, waving as they ran through the snow. " Daddy, daddy, did you see the grouse? They saved us! " cried Martha. "r never saw no grouse, did you Herb?" Martha's daddy asked his brother. "They were right there! They were eating my com!" said Martha, but in the spot where she pointed, there was only a pane of sparkling unbroken snow, with not a foot track or a feather mark to be seen.

MERRY CHRISTMAS, AND HAPPY NEW YEAR.

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:> Cabot Day Big Day! '" • Happy New Year,

1998!

T~ne8 ~s~;a:~:,~~:~n~.~~rd. Christmas Count season has just ended. and many interesting species have been reported In SI John' s. three yellow* bn!asl~d chal.$, a clay-colored spatTUK'. and thousands of A_rlCOlI rollllu bright· ened a dull BoXing Day for birders

A;;r~~,~;, ~=:~i:~:n:~~~ to hope that this endangered race might De tunung the comer towards re<:overy A glYat bl/le heron at Branch was quite a find A rtcOrd lifty eight species were seen at "the Cape" Cape Race produced fift y one species. including a rare easltfrll

towhee II Biscay Day, and a hoary red· pall. Ferryland recorded a record 61 specIes., Including a clay-coloreJ.spar. ~. two comMUlI grod/tfs. two Ii/de!!,· s.!ls. and • 800d assortment of sparrows

A. t Terra Nova. several hairy ... ood· r1peckl'r~ and "(Jllmy ... 'OOdpeckerf were recorded, along with spruce JlrOllse,lion'ow's/(Qllk"ej'e. and com­mOil me"~lIser. Fony one species were recorded in all

W:~:~~:;~ti~:S~~u=~ by were compl~ed in COOroy, Stephenville, ('orner Brook, Bonne Bay and 51 Paul's. Reports of IWilies came from Stephenville., where a {.~ac" 's .vonn,-­Irel was obsaved in strong onshore winds on January 4. and Comer Brook, where a pli~lII~d w'(J()dpeck~r was r~ ported for the count period

One Hundred and eight species of birds were recorded during the 1997/1998 Christ­

mas Bird Counts in Newfoundland.

4~t.sUOOIW.orJ oolf(%"',.

fie!! ti~ ;'~'"' r/iIWO''''' Ji,t6u.J,cJ ,Y'W ",oy_

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6 January 1998

Cabot Day 1998 - Start Planning!!

O~a~r;:i~':;~V~I~~ ~::: o~abot groups of birders. and hundreds of individu­als, all across Newfoundland Of course, we scheduled the evenlto coincide with the ar­rival of the Maul_ in Bonavista. and the special mid-week holiday thai was pro­claimed for 1997 This year, we will do things a bit differently

C~~II~~: ~:n~i~;~~ ~a!,;::;4 day, bul we will be asking birders 10 con-

~~:t;~~~~:::!t~o~a~~o!~ne e This will give you a bit of flexibility to take weather and other plans into considerallon

By scheduling the Big Day for a week­end, we hope that you will be able to

plan in advance to visit some Interestmg nearby area. If you are not sure about posst­ble destinations, don't be affllJd to call us We would be pleased 10 suS8est good areas for birding that are near your home town

Tile long winter nights are upon us, but you can daydream a bit about birding

on the longest days of tile yearl

y ou can reach us by writing

Joh" Prall 19 Par,'iOIl.~ !luaU

SI. Johll'.f Nl""fu"ndlcuNi

AlA 211 ,,-mail jprofl if IIfld.rom

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RAlUTlES­ONLYFROMTHE

NA TURAL HISTORY SOCIETY

Getting to Know the Weeds - the Collected Writings of Charlie Horwood. Charlie was a faithful and long· serving member of the Society. He was also a thoughtful and insightful naturalist with a gift for capturing his view of the natural world, in writing. This 160 page book reproduces over fifty of Charlie's best short pieces. Soft cover .............................................. ... .. ..... ... $14.95

Society Lapel Pins. Back by popular demand. These four· color enamel pins reproduce the Society's "Osprey", originally designed by John Maunder, in blue, brown and white on a gold back. Oval. Lapel Pins .... .. .. . ... ... .... ..... ............................ $3.00

Society Jacket Crest. NEW! These crests are based on the original "half moon" design drawn by Newfoundland artist Reginald Shepherd. They feature a stylized osprey snatching a fish . They are embroidered in five colors, and are approximately 4" wide by 1 %" high. Embroidered Crest ........................................ $4.00

Society Memberships. Any time is a great time to give a membership to the Natural History Society. The cost is $20.00, good for one year. It includes four issues of The Osprey, and notices to all Society functions. Membership .............. . .... ................................. $20.00

117

The Natural History Society of Newfoundland and Labrador Membership Application

Name: -:-:-__________________ Date: Home address: E-mailaddress··:----------------------

Telephone - home :. ______ office: ______ fax:. ____ _

I am a: ___ new ___ renewing member.

Mailing address for Society publication "The Osprey" (if different from above):

My interests are: ( Please be specific, to help us with our program planning. ) birds? wildflowers? animals? marine mammals? indoor events? indoor work· shops? outdoor events? walking? interpretive walks? hiking? CroSS.cOlUltry skiing? canoeing? cycling? back·pack camping? winter camping? Other: ________________________ _

Annual membership fee enclosed: S 20.00

My donation to the society (a tax receipt will be issued): $ __

Society Lapel Pins: _@$3.00 each $ __

Society Jacket Crests: _ @ 54.00 each $ __

Total cheque/money order enclosed: $ __

Memberships run for one year from the date of receipt of payment.

Please make your cheque payable to:

"The Natural History Society of Newfoundland and Labrador"

and send it together with this form to:

T he Membership Co-ordinator T he Natural History Society of Newfoundland and Labrador P.O. Box 1013 St. John 's, NF Ale 5M3

or bnng thIS form with your cheque to the next regular Society meeting at The Memorial University Botanical Garden on the THIRD THURSDAY of each month from September to June. There are no mdoor meetmgs dunng July and August

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Northeastern Naturalist -A new Journal of Natural History

"The Northeastern Naturalist is a peer-reviewed journal which is of signifi cant interest to anyone who has broad-ranging interests in the overall classical natural history of the [northeastern] region. As a collaborative publishing effort involving specialists from the United States and Canada, it serves as a regional counterpart to the Southwestern Field Naturalist, the American Midland Naturalist, and the Canadian Field Naturalist

The Northeastern Naturalist publ ishes original scientific research papers, research summaries, general interest articles, field notes, and other special features. Articles focus on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms and environments."

Subscription and manuscript infonnation for this new journal is printed below for your convenience.

Subscriptions

n. NonJul#l" N_..JW .. a qllUUrlJ jounlal.

·Svbla-lpU. rate'OI' .111Ier US 01' CaIl,dI .. acldr_:

ladiridlllll,librvia,Uldor,ULluIionI.$3D.OOUS; .tuOeDII. S20.00US.

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tnd IDUlialdurin,all IIqa of mlnutcrip' prCpll.uiOll. Thete are no pi,' chll,a. Su .. auOllJ for color phoIDpaphl u .... elcome.

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a_d' ..... uMs R ... _dI JI.II!IIIIma ahould be cond~ tnd ,c:nerall)' readable llUM\aliu of a coUKoon of JRvioUiIy publilhed reuardl.w/or· . ledmical repoN. Tb& ..ucla Ihould help ID brid,e tbe ,ap be· _n.eicntilll 1114 the ,t:lleralpublic:. Pboto,raphl; and/or fi,uru met LabIa Mould bot incillded bul diacuaiouof ILllliatic: •• hould be minimal. S~oflhaa &D.ddiucrwioru arc ... cloomc.

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:::~~Te':r~S:=~~~:~~~~:J~t.~Ii~::'~~:~ INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS S\eube .. ME 046~0009 . 207·516·2.121 , FAX 3041 'The N~INlUIU7I.N(Il/u4list has Ilandudiud ,lIiodine. for m&J\ll ·

E-mail lIu.mboldlOlIUIlIinc.oom ICripl preparlllion. A (uJlle! of WtnlcUOIII for Alithon is uaillblc. FOW' complete copic. of the manlllCl'ipt (includin. all n,urel , pho", •

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119