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The origin of rhyolitic spherulites at Rockhound State Park. Nelia W. Dunbar Virginia T. McLemore New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources New Mexico Tech. Diameter = 14 cm. Schematic cross section of a Rockhound Spherulite. Questions. What are the spherulites made of? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The origin of rhyolitic spherulites at Rockhound State Park
Nelia W. DunbarVirginia T. McLemore
New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral ResourcesNew Mexico Tech
Diameter = 14 cm
Schematic cross section of a Rockhound Spherulite
Questions
• What are the spherulites made of?
• What does the visible structure represent?
• How do spherulites form?
• Why are some hollow?
Electron microprobe used to produce:-Backscattered electron images (map of meanatomic number)-X-ray maps to show element distribution-Quantitative chemical analyses of spots as small as 1 micron
Minerals found in spherulites
• Quartz (SiO2)
• Two alkali feldspars (K, Na)[AlSi3O8]
• Magnetite (Fe3O4)
Composition of rhyolitic magma
• SiO2 76.6 wt.%
• Al2O3 12.8 wt.%
• K2O 4.9 wt.%
• Na2O 3.8 wt.%
• FeO 1.2 wt.%• CaO 0.5 wt.%• TiO2 0.1 wt.%
• H2O 0.1 wt.%
Backscattered Electron image of spherulite core (field of view 1.2 mm)
BSE image of interior spherulite and medial “rapid-growth” crystals FOV 2.5 mm
BSE image of transition between “rapid-growth” and banded zone FOV 2.5 mm
Backscattered Electron image of spherulite (field of view 1.2 mm)
Backscattered electron imageSilica X-ray map
200 microns
Backscattered electron imagePotassium X-ray map
200 microns
Backscattered electron imageSodium X-ray map
200 microns
Backscattered electron image Potassium X-ray map
20 microns
Backscattered electron image Sodium X-ray map
20 microns
Sanidine
Anorthoclase
Albite Oligoclase Andesine Labradorite Bytownite Anorthite
Ab An
Or
0 10 202
3
4
5
6
7
K2O
Na2
O
Compositions of morphologically-different feldspar in RHP spherulite
May represent crystallization in 2-feldspar field (T<~660oC)
Schematic cross section of a Rockhound Spherulite
Corecomposed of many small, fine-grained spherulites (quartz and Na-rich alkali feldspar)
Intermediate part.Feathery quench crystalsof quartz and alkali, K-rich feldspar
Outer layered part.Rhythmic intergrowth of quartz and two feldspars
Why are some spherulite hollow?Observations:
• Within a single lava flow, some spherulites may be hollow whereas others are solid. In some cases, there appears to be some stratigraphic control on location of hollow vs. solid spherulites
• In some hollow spherulites, the original solid form appears to have been expanded from within to form the void space.
• Some “solid” spherulites contain many small, finely dispersed void spaces, which appear to be small bubbles.
Why are some spherulite hollow?Speculation:
• Rhyolite magma contains 0.1 wt% H2O at atmospheric pressure, whereas quartz and feldspar are anhydrous. Crystallization would cause water to come out of solution and form bubbles.
• From a simple ideal gas law calculation, at atmospheric pressure, 0.1 wt.% H2O would generate void space equal to 10 times the initial volume of crystallizing melt, ample to create the void space found in spherulites.
• Creation of a void space requires coalescence of this H2O-dominated vapor phase. This may depend on some critical combination of crystal growth rate and pressure at which the spherulite forms.
Conclusions• Spherulites are composed of quartz, feldspar and magnetite
• Spherulites grew at high temperatures from a rhyolitic magma, and the internal structure is controlled by crystallization dynamics.
• Crystals near the core of the spherulite show texture typical of rapid crystal growth
• Diffusion of elements at the crystal-melt interface may be responsible for banding
• By analogy to experimental systems, spherulites may have grown in periods of days to weeks
• The cavities could have been formed by H2O vapor generated during crystallization