The Omnipresence of Religion

Medieval:

Old St. Peters

once stood on the spot where the Basilica of Saint Peter stands today in Rome from the 4th to 16th centuries

Basilica Ulpiaserved as inspiration

building consisted of •five aisles•a wide central nave•two smaller aisles to each side—each divided by 21 marble columns (all spoils from earlier pagan buildings)

nave

double side aisle

apse

somewhat simplistic precursor to more ornate cathedrals that were to come

Chartres CathedralFrance, 1210-1225

Roman cubilculum—barrel vaulted ceiling

Chartres Cathedral—groin vaulted ceiling

Chartres Cathedral, France, 1210-1225, Suger of St Denishighest vaults in France at time of building

Chartres Cathedral, South Portal, France 1210-1225

section of Chartres Cathedral, France, 1210-1225

cathedral used flying buttresses extensively—these supported the weight of the extremely high vaults

buttress

flying buttress

nave apse

ambulatory

transcept

east end is rounded (apse) with an ambulatory which has five semi-circular chapels radiating from it.

cruciform—92 ft long nave & short transepts to the south and north

transcept

skeletal structure

pointed arch

•used four rib vaults in a rectangular space, instead of six in a square pattern, as in earlier Gothic cathedrals

pointed arch

•skeletal system of supports, from the compound piers all the way up to the springing and transverse and diagonal ribs, allowed large spaces of the cathedral to be free for stained glass work, as well as a towering height

compound piers

infill structure

Rose Window

has three large rose windows: •west front—Last Judgment•north transept—Glorification of the Virgin•south transept—Glorification of Christ

communicating to an illiterate public

Beauvais the mystical quality of

light and the presence of

God

•in some respects the most daring achievement of Gothic architecture•vaulting in the interior exceeds 150 ft •work interrupted in1284 by the collapse of the vaulting of the choir, a disaster that produced a temporary failure of nerve among the masons working in Gothic style

Ste. Chapelle, Paris, 1242-48

•built to house precious relics•in the heart of Paris

Ste. Chapelle, Paris, 1242-48

Ste. Chapelle, Paris, 1242-48

Royal Chapel, Hampton Court Palace, England,

1535

fan vaulting

Chapel of Henry VII at Westminster Abbey, London, 16th century

Thorncrown Chapel, Fay Jones,

Haddon Hall & Penshurst Place

Derbyshire & Kent, England14th - 16th centuries

Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, England, 14th - 16th centuries

oriel

double court crenellated roof line

great hall

Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, England, 14th - 16th centuries

oriel

double courtcrenellated

roof line

great hall

Haddon Hall, Plan, 14th - 16th centuries

great hall

dais

trestle table

trestle table

Penshurst Place

Penshurst Place, Great Hall, Kent, England,

14th - 16th centuries

screen

minstrel’s gallery

quatrefoil

brazier

Penshurst Place, Great Hall, Kent, England14th - 16th centuries

Haddon Hall, Parlor, England14th - 16th centuries

Haddon Hall, Long Gallery, England

14th - 16th centuries

•often located on upper floor•stretched across the entire frontage of the building•served several purposes:

•used for entertaining guests•for taking exercise in the form of walking when the weather was inclement•displaying art collections

Penshurst Place, Long Gallery, England14th - 16th centuries

prayer book •used by laymen for private devotion

• containing prayers or meditations—appropriate to certain hours of the day, days of the week, months or seasons

•shows artist’s depictions of day-to-day life

heavy timber

or

half timber

or

“black & white”

cruck

Gothic Furniture

England, 13th - 16th centuries

Tester bed, France,

13th - 16th centuries

Oak Sideboard, England13th - 16th centuries

Choirstall, England,

13th - 16th centuries

Cress w/ linen-fold motif, England

13th - 16th centuries

Joyned Chair, England, 13th - 16th centuries

“Throne” chair, England, 13th - 16th centuries