Upload
rogan-bray
View
33
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Ocean Floor. Chapter 14. What is Oceanography?. Oceanography science that draws on the methods and knowledge of geology, chemistry, physics, and biology to study all aspects of the world ocean. Water on the Earth. 61% found in the Northern Hemisphere - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
What is Oceanography?
Oceanography science that draws
on the methods and knowledge of geology, chemistry, physics, and biology to study all aspects of the world ocean
Water on the Earth
61% found in the Northern Hemisphere
81% found in the Southern Hemisphere
71% total on Earth
Mapping the Ocean Floor
Bathymetry measurement of
ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor
Mapping the Ocean Floor
Sonar is an acronym for sound navigation and ranging. It is also referred to as echo sounding transmitting sound
waves toward the ocean bottom
Mapping the Ocean Floor
Satellites able to measure
small differences by bouncing microwaves off the ocean surface
Mapping the Ocean Floor
Submersibles are small underwater crafts used for deep-sea research remotely operated
vehicles (ROVs)
Continental Margin
Continental shelf is the gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline mineral deposits, large
reservoirs of oil and natural gas, and huge sand and gravel deposits
Continental slope is the steep gradient that leads to the deep-ocean floor
Continental rise is the gently sloping surface at the base of the continental slope.
Ocean Basin Floor
Trenches form at the sites of plate convergence where one moving plate descends beneath another
Abyssal plain is a very level area of the deep-ocean floor
Seamount is an underwater volcano at least 1000 meters above the deep-ocean floor
Guyot is an eroded, submerged seamount.
Mid-Ocean Ridges
Seafloor spreading process by which plate
tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere at ocean ridges
New ocean floor is formed Hydrothermal Vents
mineral-rich water is heated by the hot, newly-formed oceanic crust and escapes through cracks in the oceanic crust into surrounding ocean water
Types of Seafloor Sediments
Terrigenous sediments: mineral grains that were eroded
Biogenous sediments: shells and skeletons of marine animals and algae
Hydrogenous sediment: minerals that crystallize directly from ocean water through various chemical reactions
Resources From the Sea
Oil and natural gas main energy products
currently being obtained from the ocean floor
Gas hydrates compact chemical
structures made of water and natural gas
Resources From the Sea
Sand and Gravel Used to fill in recreational
beaches and make concrete Manganese nodules
Extracted to make permanent magnets and engine parts
Evaporative Salts halite—table salt Used for preserving foods
and de-icing roads
Which Ocean Has the Greatest Salt Quantity?
Dead Sea 38% salt content