The Northern RenaissanceChapter 15

Section 2

Key Terms

Johannes Gutenberg Desiderius Erasmus Sir Thomas More William Shakespeare Christine de Pisan Albrecht Durer Jan van Eyck

The Renaissance Spread North Trading networks

spread across northern Europe

Hanseatic League dominated trade

1200’s to 1400’s protected against pirates

Built lighthouses Trained ship

captains

The Renaissance Spreads North Spread by Italian artists Fled to northern Europe

to avoid clashes between monarchs

Brought humanist ideas and new painting techniques

Northern scholars traveled to Italy

Universities established in France, Germany, Netherlands

A Book Revolution

Johannes Gutenberg made the printing press

Used Chinese system- letters on a plate then locked into a press

Moveable type, text could be quickly printed on both sides of the paper

A Book Revolution

Produced books faster and cheaper

First publication was a 1,282 page Bible

Within 35 years his presses were as far away as Constantinople

Printed books provide more access to new ideas

People learned to read

Philosophers and Writers

Desiderius Erasmus-leading Christian humanists› Priest in the

Netherlands› Wrote about the need

for a pure and simple Christian life

› Stripped of rituals and politics of the church on earth

› Advised to educate children

Philosophers and Writers

Fanned the flames of discontent in the Church

His works were censored in Paris and condemned by the Church

Sir Thomas More

Humanism introduced to England by Italians

More became friends with Erasmus

More wrote Utopia Read across Europe Criticizes the English

government and society and a vision of a perfect society

It was a non-existent society based on reason

William Shakespeare

Greatest English playwright

Drew inspiration from ancient works

Wide understanding of natural science and humanist topics

Used language and choice of themes

Made plays appeal to uneducated people

William Shakespeare

Helped spread the ideas of Renaissance to mass audiences

Shift from religious morality

Focused on lives of realistic characters

Public theatres built by 1500’s

Theatres could hold 2,000 people

Christine de Pisan

Works focused on the roles of women

Grew up in the French court

Was widowed turned to writing

Poetry, biography of Charles IV, works to guide women to proper morality

Artists

Adopted Italian techniques

More realistic view of humanity

Albrecht Durer visited Italy› His works were oil

paintings› Characterized

northern Europe

Artists

› Reproduced the texture of wood

› Reflection of objects in a room in a mirror

› Scenes outside a window

› Other tiny details

Artists

Northern Netherlands (Flanders) developed their own style

Flemish School 1400’s

Perfected by Jan van Eyck’s work› Focused on

landscapes and domestic life

› Fused the everyday with religious

Artists

› Use of symbolism› Single lit candle or

light streaming in a window represented God’s presence

Hans Holbein used objects as symbols to characterize the subjects of his portraits

Artists

1500’s Pieter Brueghel (Flemish Artist)› Used Italian

techniques› Subject matter

followed northern artists

› Showed scenes from everyday peasant life

› Different from the mythical creatures of the Italian Artists