The North Takes The North Takes ChargeCharge

Objectives Describe the events leading to the

Gettysburg, the Battle of Gettysburg and its outcome.

Describe Grant’s siege of Vicksburg Summarize the final events of the war

leading up to the surrender at Appomattox.

Compare how these battles relates to the Union strategy.

Analyze how Union advantages led to the Union's victory.

After Antietam…Confederate After Antietam…Confederate VictoriesVictories

Lincoln removes McClellan as the Lincoln removes McClellan as the Commander of the Potomac and Commander of the Potomac and replaces him with General replaces him with General Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Burnside marches 120,000 men on Burnside marches 120,000 men on Richmond toward Lee’s 75,000 Richmond toward Lee’s 75,000 where the two sides clash in the where the two sides clash in the Battle of FredericksburgBattle of Fredericksburg

CommandersCommanders Union: Union: General Ambrose BurnsideGeneral Ambrose Burnside Confederate: Confederate: General Lee, General Lee,

Longstreet & Stonewall JacksonLongstreet & Stonewall Jackson Date: Date: December 11-15, 1862December 11-15, 1862

The Battle of The Battle of Fredericksburg/SharpsburgFredericksburg/Sharpsburg

In order for Burnside to move his troops In order for Burnside to move his troops toward Richmond, had to move south but toward Richmond, had to move south but had to cross the Rappahannock River had to cross the Rappahannock River

All civilian bridges had been destroyed; All civilian bridges had been destroyed; orders the construction of flotillasorders the construction of flotillas Poor communication and bad weather result Poor communication and bad weather result

in the arrival of the Confederate Army of in the arrival of the Confederate Army of Northern VirginiaNorthern Virginia

Lee entrenches his men on the heights Lee entrenches his men on the heights surrounding Fredericksburgsurrounding Fredericksburg

The Battle of FredericksburgThe Battle of Fredericksburg

December 13, 1862: Union attempt to cross December 13, 1862: Union attempt to cross the Rappahannock River was a disasterthe Rappahannock River was a disaster

Burnside orders a series of frontal assaults Burnside orders a series of frontal assaults up Prospect Hill and Marye’s Heights that up Prospect Hill and Marye’s Heights that resulted in staggering casualtiesresulted in staggering casualties 17,929 total (Union: 13,353; Confederate: 4,576) 17,929 total (Union: 13,353; Confederate: 4,576)

Confederate Victory: Confederate Victory: Burnside retreats Burnside retreats and is replaced by “Fighting Joe” Hookerand is replaced by “Fighting Joe” Hooker

The Battle of Chancellorsville The Battle of Chancellorsville

(or The Wilderness)(or The Wilderness) Commanding Officers:Commanding Officers: Union: Fighting Joe HookerUnion: Fighting Joe Hooker Confederacy: Robert E. Lee, Confederacy: Robert E. Lee,

Stonewall JacksonStonewall Jackson

The Battle of Chancellorsville The Battle of Chancellorsville or Wilderness or Wilderness

Fighting Joe Hooker attempts again to Fighting Joe Hooker attempts again to take Fredericksburg , which is just as take Fredericksburg , which is just as disastrous as the first attemptdisastrous as the first attempt Hooker fords the Rapidan and Hooker fords the Rapidan and

Rappahannock RiversRappahannock Rivers Lee divides his men, leaving half his Lee divides his men, leaving half his

forces in Fredericksburg and half forces in Fredericksburg and half heading to confront Hooker near a heading to confront Hooker near a mansion called Chancellorsvillemansion called Chancellorsville

The Battle of Chancellorsville The Battle of Chancellorsville or Wilderness or Wilderness

Battle Plan: Hooker sends cavalry Battle Plan: Hooker sends cavalry ahead by 2 weeks (100,000 men) to ahead by 2 weeks (100,000 men) to destroy Confederate supply and destroy Confederate supply and communication lines.communication lines.

Goal: draw Lee out of Fredericksburg Goal: draw Lee out of Fredericksburg while sending infantry 40 miles up while sending infantry 40 miles up river to surprise attack Lee’s left river to surprise attack Lee’s left flank...flank... BUT… BUT…

Chancellorsville: Day Chancellorsville: Day 11

The Battle of ChancellorsvilleThe Battle of Chancellorsville Lee’s men surprise the Union Army on Lee’s men surprise the Union Army on

May 2, 1863; fighting lasts through May 2, 1863; fighting lasts through May 3May 3rdrd

Outcome: Confederate VictoryOutcome: Confederate Victory Many consider Chancellorsville to be Lee’s Many consider Chancellorsville to be Lee’s

greatest victory.greatest victory. Union suffered 14,000 casualties, the Union suffered 14,000 casualties, the

Confederates 10,000Confederates 10,000 Confederates lost more, though, as Confederates lost more, though, as

Stonewall Jackson was mortally woundedStonewall Jackson was mortally wounded

The Unions 3 Point Strategy a.k.a The Anaconda Plan

1. Blockade2. Gain control of the Mississippi

River3. Build the Army of the Potomac to

defend Washington D.C., defeat Lee, and Capture Richmond

3 Turning Points of the Civil War

1. Antietam • 1st Union “victory”• Emancipation

announced, more African Americans involved in the war effort

• No help from Europe for the South

2. Gettysburg & Vicksburg

3. Re-election of Lincoln

Battle of Gettysburg: The Battle of Gettysburg: The BasicsBasics

Fought from July 1st through July 3, 1863 in Gettysburg, PA

Many historians consider the battle to be a major turning point in the American Civil War

November 19th, 1863, President Lincoln delivered his famous “Gettysburg Address” at the dedication ceremony for the Gettysburg National Cemetery

Major Major Generals: Generals:

UnionUnion

Major Major Generals: Generals:

ConfederacyConfederacy

Day One: July 1, 1863Day One: July 1, 1863 General Lee begins leading his Army General Lee begins leading his Army

of Northern Virginia into northern of Northern Virginia into northern territoryterritory

CSA soldiers hear there are shoes in CSA soldiers hear there are shoes in Gettysburg Gettysburg

Surprised to encounter 2 Union Surprised to encounter 2 Union brigades who engage the troopsbrigades who engage the troops

Day One: July 1, 1863Day One: July 1, 1863 Leads to reinforcements from both Leads to reinforcements from both

sidessides The Army of the Potomac (Union) led The Army of the Potomac (Union) led

by George Meade by George Meade Took a defensive position upon a ridgeTook a defensive position upon a ridge Lee attacks causing the Union to retreat Lee attacks causing the Union to retreat

to townto town BUT, North has the has the high ground BUT, North has the has the high ground

at Cemetery Ridgeat Cemetery Ridge

Day Two: July 2, 1863Day Two: July 2, 1863

A majority of the armies on both side finally arrive Union 93,000 soldiers Confederacy 71,000 soldiers

Union in a fishhook shaped formation

Leaves their left flank open at Little Round Top

Day Two: July 2, 1863Day Two: July 2, 1863 Joshua Chamberlain leads Joshua Chamberlain leads

Maine troops to defend the Maine troops to defend the hillhill Run out of ammo, but led a Run out of ammo, but led a

bayonet charge…CSA shocked bayonet charge…CSA shocked surrender and run awaysurrender and run away

If the 20th MA had fallen, Lee If the 20th MA had fallen, Lee wouldwould have routed the entire have routed the entire Union line and then marched Union line and then marched to D.C.to D.C.

Devil’s Den and Culp’s Hill Devil’s Den and Culp’s Hill (rt. Flank) also saw fierce (rt. Flank) also saw fierce fightingfighting

Teachers can kick butt too, you

know!?!

Devil’s DenDevil’s Den

Devil’s DenDevil’s Den

Day Three: July 3, 1863Day Three: July 3, 1863 Early morning Lee orders artillery attack Early morning Lee orders artillery attack

in middle of Union line as attacks on the in middle of Union line as attacks on the flanks were unsuccessfulflanks were unsuccessful1.1. Orders a the largest artillery barrage of the Orders a the largest artillery barrage of the

war (2 miles long , 150-170 war (2 miles long , 150-170 2.2. Orders an infantry attack center of Union Orders an infantry attack center of Union

line with 12,500 Confederate soldiersline with 12,500 Confederate soldiers3.3. Followed by a cavalry charge on Union Followed by a cavalry charge on Union

Right flank which would then meet the Right flank which would then meet the infantry in the middle of the Union lineinfantry in the middle of the Union line

Both attempts fail and Lee must retreat Both attempts fail and Lee must retreat to VAto VA

Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge

What actually happened:What actually happened:Artillery overshot Union lines…but Artillery overshot Union lines…but

couldn’t see because of the couldn’t see because of the overwhelming amount of smokeoverwhelming amount of smoke

Pickett’s “charge” was more like a slow Pickett’s “charge” was more like a slow death march; Union artillery mows them death march; Union artillery mows them down!down! Casualty rate was more than 50% for the Casualty rate was more than 50% for the

ConfederacyConfederacyCavalry assault, under command of JEB Cavalry assault, under command of JEB

Stuart, was stopped before it even began Stuart, was stopped before it even began by Union cavalryby Union cavalry

Gettysburg: LossesGettysburg: Losses Approximately 51,000 casualtiesApproximately 51,000 casualties

Union losses = 23,000 killed or woundedUnion losses = 23,000 killed or wounded Confederate losses = 28,000 killed, wounded or Confederate losses = 28,000 killed, wounded or

capturedcaptured Why is Gettysburg considered a turning point Why is Gettysburg considered a turning point

in the war? in the war? • Shattered southern morale (which had been an Shattered southern morale (which had been an

advantage) advantage) • Union army was beginning to come together Union army was beginning to come together

Meanwhile in the West…Meanwhile in the West…The Vicksburg CampaignThe Vicksburg Campaign

Only 2 cities left before Grant controls the Only 2 cities left before Grant controls the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Crosses the river and moves northeast Crosses the river and moves northeast toward the capital of Mississippi: Jacksontoward the capital of Mississippi: Jackson

Engages CSA in Jackson and wins Engages CSA in Jackson and wins Pushes the CSA west toward Vicksburg, a Pushes the CSA west toward Vicksburg, a

port city on the Mississippi Riverport city on the Mississippi River Super important…the last real block to the Super important…the last real block to the

Union entirely controlling the Mississippi Union entirely controlling the Mississippi RiverRiver

Siege of VicksburgSiege of Vicksburg

Grant marches toward the city and tries Grant marches toward the city and tries attacking unsuccessfully attacking unsuccessfully

Settles for a siege - surround a Settles for a siege - surround a fortress/city and starve it into surrenderfortress/city and starve it into surrender People start to eat dogs and mulesPeople start to eat dogs and mules

Confederates under the command of John Confederates under the command of John Pemberton surrender on July 4, 1863 Pemberton surrender on July 4, 1863 29,495 surrendered29,495 surrendered

The Confederacy cut in two!!!The Confederacy cut in two!!!

VicksburgVicksburg

Confederacy MoraleConfederacy Morale

Defeat at Gettysburg and Vicksburg Defeat at Gettysburg and Vicksburg limits manpowerlimits manpower

Shortages on food, shoes, uniforms, Shortages on food, shoes, uniforms, guns and ammoguns and ammo

Soldiers begin to desert and also to Soldiers begin to desert and also to fight for the Northfight for the North

Peace movement springs up Peace movement springs up

ShermanSherman’’s March to the Seas March to the Sea Grant appoints William Grant appoints William

Tecumseh Sherman as Tecumseh Sherman as commander of the Mississippi commander of the Mississippi divisiondivision

Both Grant and Sherman = Both Grant and Sherman = TOTAL WARTOTAL WAR

Late 1864: His army occupies Late 1864: His army occupies AtlantaAtlanta’’s railroads and s railroads and proceeds to march east to proceeds to march east to SavannahSavannah

Principles of Principles of SCORCHED EARTHSCORCHED EARTH Burn crops, kill livestock, consume Burn crops, kill livestock, consume

supplies, and destroy civilian supplies, and destroy civilian infrastructureinfrastructure

The End is NearThe End is Near Grant and Lee in Virginia Grant and Lee in Virginia

At a stalemate; fight battle after battle At a stalemate; fight battle after battle with no progresswith no progress

Union suffers extremely high casualtiesUnion suffers extremely high casualties After ShermanAfter Sherman’’s march to the sea, he s march to the sea, he

moves north to aid Grantmoves north to aid Grant Lincoln reelected in 1864 to second Lincoln reelected in 1864 to second

termterm

Appomattox Court Appomattox Court HouseHouse

Richmond is about to fall; Lee falls at Richmond is about to fall; Lee falls at PetersburgPetersburg

Jefferson Davis and the CSA Jefferson Davis and the CSA government abandon Richmondgovernment abandon Richmond

April 9, 1865 the CSA surrenders:April 9, 1865 the CSA surrenders: Terms are generous: soldiers sent home Terms are generous: soldiers sent home

with their possessions, horses and 3-days with their possessions, horses and 3-days rations, officers can keep their side armsrations, officers can keep their side arms

Wilmer Wilmer McClean HouseMcClean House

First Bull Run took First Bull Run took place on his farm…place on his farm…sold it and moved to sold it and moved to Appomattox Court Appomattox Court House about 150 House about 150 miles awaymiles away

When Lee was When Lee was looking for a place looking for a place to surrender to to surrender to Grant ,a messenger Grant ,a messenger knocked on knocked on McLean's door and McLean's door and requested the use requested the use of his home. of his home.

Wilmer McClean HouseWilmer McClean House

After the WarAfter the War StateState’’s authority diminishess authority diminishes 620,000 deaths, 500,000 wounded620,000 deaths, 500,000 wounded 13th Amendment passed - banning 13th Amendment passed - banning

slaveryslavery April 14th, 1865 (5 days after April 14th, 1865 (5 days after

Appomattox) LincolnAppomattox) Lincoln’’ assassinated at assassinated at FordFord’’s Theaters Theater John Wilkes Booth - southern sympathizer - John Wilkes Booth - southern sympathizer -

shoots the presidentshoots the president

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The Assassination of LincolnThe Assassination of Lincoln Plot devised by John Wilkes Booth along with Plot devised by John Wilkes Booth along with

accomplices:accomplices: Lewis Powell (Secretary of State Seward)Lewis Powell (Secretary of State Seward) George Atzerodt (VP Andrew Johnson)George Atzerodt (VP Andrew Johnson) David Herrod (lookout)David Herrod (lookout)

The AssassinationThe Assassination Booth, Powell & Atzerodt were to strike Booth, Powell & Atzerodt were to strike

at the same time (10:00PM)at the same time (10:00PM) In the balcony with Lincoln: Mary, In the balcony with Lincoln: Mary,

Major Henry Rathbone & his fiancé Major Henry Rathbone & his fiancé Clara HarrisClara Harris

Booth knew the play and when laughter Booth knew the play and when laughter would erupt.would erupt.

Shoots Lincoln point blank, stabs Shoots Lincoln point blank, stabs Rathbone and jumps onto the stage:Rathbone and jumps onto the stage: ""Sic semper tyrannisSic semper tyrannis!"!"

The bullet, the probe and skull fragments

from Lincoln's autopsy

John Wilkes Booth Shoots John Wilkes Booth Shoots LincolnLincoln

Death of Abraham LincolnDeath of Abraham Lincoln

Execution of Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George

Atzerodt on July 7, 1865