THE NEWSPAPER OF THE ATI-APAR~THEID MQVEMENT SEP~TEMBER 1991

THE NEWSPAPER OF THE ATI-APAR~THEID MQVEMENT SEP~TEMBER 1991Ink.atk'agate scandalforces D2e Klerk into retreatANC presses for InterimGovernmentSeptemberFIWAY 13 Septexffbe will se ~ifaanheidactiwists 1afleting ral stations in Brierre They will be, aking thefo niest of o= of the worst metai of violence South A.fica has senOne year agjo, 26 train commaters were killed and 137 tjured norSowto -not n an accident, but in a cold-b)looded opertion by moper,- ofa specall traind amny unitI,,, ne of th icisr dinit prayig H--neardbKund, they13 Day of Action: Stop the train massacres!.were holing a prayer servjee in their carrage - a crono practice amongst black cons osuter in Southi MricsOther, we- injureti shen jumping or thrown from nsoving carnager.T-an No 9436 left Johannesburg's Jeppe Station at 5 lilpfu. Sis n, wveapon conraled under their thswaaed ul after the fjor stop, ten suddely prodnrd sh.tgunt,, pisSol, ari n-ahetes andthes-,reanofthrvicns, they continued their graesone work for t r ior stops. and at the third station were joinedby another gang waiitig to catehl those fleelog. Thi, waas..t an iselated incident. Betwveen july 1990 andMay 1991 at [est 58 people wer killed and 387 inlued in "in attacka.The six wre turo ber of a sealarasy .toit, Five bRonaissne Rtegimnent,. accudtug to a forer hit leuad ~mi-er$gi Felix Ndbnrene. Esaent^l a snercenary ussit dra-e from nationals of neaghbouring .ounsties, Five Recce~äcv, were consrplled by Mibstary Intelligence, taught that the ANC i, still the enemy, and given lemom iZul.Theybhave been deployed in Natal andarountijolt.rnembg, and ften. given ,d headband, towea rthe insigni,of Inrkatha supposterswh.nthey tak,,.othe sn-eetsfrcmbtNdmen, gahis story to the South Afärican Weekly, N-WNation, and to lThe Independents corresponden, John Carlin,in revelations e~n-m ortserinher ranleations than the Inkathagase exposéOn l3eptesbrcossnters wilremindedofthixstragedy anid invited to support the cause of democracy in So uthAfricaoneperonunevoe in u pracalsc~tv, (Fordeails, ont ffichrcf Bilby a, AM HQ)ANTImAPARTHEID NEWSASpecial PLIHOUt: TRADE UNION SUPPLEMENTPaf.)('s 7-loI lMEMBERT NEWSLIETTERPýlge 1,5

2 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER 1991Af-o1, Burh aher 4l 3 ye,,, of4an Sumny run ralses freedomftinds(CIT theul weltetion for 50ra aar popula 2,ttsc meplup Sune 'Å~ , 11-poplaton) r . ayeuru1>,- tne 8ÄXA people -an systersfron Co-~ne SlrUoyd"j" 'cýý ý' a, z 1 1414 el way *f, cf-,l cvero Brodrwel Park, Brxton, o andl N,,tyUov, ,wtth Oj's Tenomstaceswhee tie rrelcýand oo ni 1- aieq,,i ~erSunday 3Jue to enjoy ai Itvely Fly andGenra~1vy gave.moniorig ogansatonsatti- [>pt- nU f Ip, "'mix of mutcular offert andloudandwarrnly-xmcevedteuelbuted responribiliry to a, rural arras I-v helow the musicamentainmnt. Itwastthe to the trark events, and the frec

parricular organisation, lokath minimum Iiving Ieel' ot i70ýýtNannuafyund runr PreedomRunrcld ffy lvwas responuible for 6%of ato 0(att I)a fcr i ftutyadb gnrl knn hperforutance (ron singer Rubyof aggression, the South African of f ie.adb eea eknn hTurner.Polie for 13%, th ANC for 60tS best yerA IrIcrIiI 11 f7 r ongerandtheSÅTF (rrn) f, 5, 1 The programme iniuderlhe erhun~L,Irruded fureathe ~SAD l.any fote- %., no)wlrarltional pooed3lo-putuimg cgsions and u populurThee atsof ioenc inudd - i4ccodinroh~nugzin 8d 50100 Freedcrom , ostesehounqrrcy casU.Baingdiedsreur22:utack-oreuincornurers n ntluioa Inr'so, Soluh were aceompanrerithos year by of rin, whirh held off unril thewhich 58peoplediedandtleast Afriwatsrdir-worthmeeu, batedtiwonewllmessandfundraising' end ofthe, day, u svide variety of387 were injured. on te vies of more toa 100 -.acrivities: anaeroborhon fond, erakt and delnirs tallinternurionuil organrarrons, r(aerohics) andan Energy Burn- holders peovtded tll that thedroped fon, hig of 191, fUp ont exercise bikes. The wider punteet needed forta goodruneheSuhfra en 1981 roS32.2% in 1989,te~vering rang of events enabledmome in a goodx cae.likestro hotr of the countreu slightly ro 36.4 in March 1991. people ofvurying Interestu and LumnbethCouncil ind itstauff3 3abiiitt ar a and help, gave_ inval table praeriul1ýr~ ------ -- -- --19 ~ 1Uelh0~ ~Iuwl rr ldP r~t. (per annurn(11indvda 5agted memhp £3.501 10 join t ~mbrN fpeop0 atsame adrlila) £17.00IL uuSil apartheid ends £100 (une payutent unipy)1. ~eguioos - plese cunlaet Marnfta Siugit at AM H Q for detulls of ufflllutlon reuJ (Pleaue htic urichever of the above is uppitale) Name1Organsation (if upplicable),___________9e85otoe)Il ertelose cesue/postal urder for memberulup 1 £ _ , donationn£ _ __-Totai £___r fl Piase senil rer)etils of paying bry utunding order jl 1 viut tu pay dlireeby inte tlie AM' slir Accorunt Noj516130004flPleaxe sund me informaton abjoutjoluing un a etuIlj Fgus retumr tIrt forru to rti-Atrtrýd Munert. L3Man6l tltret letdtt NW1I 0058 Toi U7,1387 7961 ANC elect niewleadershipAXT T] JE ANC conference, Nelson Mandela unid Walter Sittrlu were elerted a, president and depurypretket r .pe .dey 0gl1,-eTamhifo aurnunonal chalimn The new generul tecetary is Cyril Ramuaphosa, and hiis deputy is jacobZurna. Thomat Nkirh was reeleeted as trsurerTher wr 130 cauriatet for 50 el-ecl placet on thec ANC.s N onlExeutive Comrnce (NEC). Thie followingwere eletUed, wtth the vote 'ach breeed shorenobrmckes Nsterskedinme indicate the 20 persons who werewuhsquendy eleeted at the NBC's fiett meering t 'onpr- iteh National Woelting Contromec, wluchipevdsday-ro-day leadetship hetwveen NEC mneengu.Chei H-uP (,858) Wnrec Mundelu (1,057)Thubo Sieki (1,824) joe N'hltnhla (1,053)J oe Slv t6)John Nkudlmeng* (1049>D Patrick Terrr Lekota- (1,724) Duillar Ornat (1 031) Palloj.,dari-(1,702) Mo, um.,nod ValiMos(1 4)Ahmred Kathada (1.97), Getteude Shopeý (958)Ronme K-dris- (1,6n6) Anidrew MIungeni (956)

Hainy Owala (1,64i4) Sipiw Nyandr (955)Srv T, wtr 1t 634) Sidney MuhadPti (931)Arnjrlt 5(toffr (1,546, Elias Motsouled, (9)27).,p oel(1,5 23) Mendr Mturnang (8834)joe N~oIs-* (1,510)Rgal11esle 84Raymnond1 Itlaha (1,489) Barhat Maea (84,4)Mar MrIaau (1,462) Billy Nair (837)Alfred Nzo* (1,420) MevayiZeni Zulur (81-1)Ruth Morapati (1,357) Sister Bernard Ncuhe (808)Alhema. Srsualu (t,321) Gill Na1cr (800Raymond Sutmner (1,3t0) jemm C,,onin c792)TxrMrsanuel* (1,253) Rocky Malehan-Merig (772)ErhlltsnrelEhrahr' (1,249) Kadurtit sal (771) Annz Pahad (1,198) ' Suki Mol~on (758)Chetyl1 Carolus' (1,168) Peter Moubu (731Alhie Sachs (1,161) Zo) Swely (719)Joel Netshitendze (1,11t9) 1 htsunle Botha, (7 17)Wilton Miewayi (1,107) Marlon Sparg (717)ffllaf& ruarrusss tut LodOfpest'GETIT IGH - ETIN TO1/0/ DON'TU18#1TIINOTHER D@#1

ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER 1991 3Democracy in practice: ANC shows the wayThe 48th National Conference of the African National Congress, held in Durban on 2- 7July 1991,completed the ANC'sfull return to public life in South Africa since its unbanning in February 1990.Amongst ma ny overgeas guests,few wereprivleged to attend the closed sessions. One of them was AAMpresident, Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, who in the course of his visit also addressed the annualconference of the South African Council of Churches, and renewed many old friendships.At the opening session of the ANC Conference, the veteran campaigner from Britain said a prayer andgavea brief opening speech. Herehegiveshsiimpressions of the historic event.WHEN Iwas invited to Wtake part i. the ANCConference I stipu lated that I could only do so if I was given fall delegate stan. I did not wish to go simplyas an observer or honoured guest. My reasonfor this was quite simple. I had said for many years that Iwould notsetfoiot in South Afi until apartheid was dead and burled. In spie of the many assurancesbyPesdentdetKlerk and the Nationalist government to theeffectthat therdpeaofthe major apartheid laws hadguarantsdtdeedof portheid, I was, well aare that io such rising had aenially happened. I say this toemphasise that I only agreed wtake part hecause I fev the Conferencewould bb of thegretes sgraioaceor hefuture both e ANC and of SouthAfrica. To hasten the peace process and to get theabsolute priorities. Let me say at once that I have no doubt whateverthatz my decion to gotoSouthAficandtotake partm the ANC deliberationswas totally vindicated by the eventThe Conference itself wasan almost increihble achievement in organisation. After 30years under banningand restricton, a Conrference of more than 2,000 delegates representing 14 regin of the ANC and the exiledcommunity was democratically chosen and asehmbled. I can't thlnk ofany comparable politcal achievementexcept perhaps the Congress of the People at Miptown in 1955 at which Iwas also present and which pasedthe Freedom Chatter.The agenda had been most carefully prepared and coveredl all the rarjorinseswliefneded democratic debateand decion. In order to ensure that each offive separate commissions with day in the plenaty sessions, and heiween four and five hundred in one ofthe .missilns. delegates taking part, I was I was therefore able topiccrfstteprfevy obspee rtpe exrarinary...that great Mend of the South African people, Bishop TrevorHuddleston.I am sure you Will agree with me that heIs a most fitting representative of the Intemational antapartheid forces.Welcome home,

77Father!Oliver Tambooutgoing presidentopening theANC Conferenceattentiveness throughout the debates and to wonder at the sharpness and precision of comment. The MPs atWestminster could have eamed a great deal about the true meaning of democratic procedures. Self-criticism and constructive amendments were the order of the day. Because of thescope oftheagenda tinewain short supply. Indeed, on the lastdaytheplenaeysession began att8.30 in themorning and ended at 5.00 thefollowing morning.The whole Conference expressed the importance of realism and hope. The elections to the ExecutiveCommittee proved the sound judgment of the delegates and I am quite convinced that the ANC hasemerged from the Conference greatly strengthened in every way. The media in South Africa took on thewhole a most favourable view and the Conference got very full coverage both in the press and on TV.Recent events have shown the world that our judgment in the AAM andinthe ANiC overthe issues ofInkatha involvement with the security forces and the upsurge in violence was correct' If negotiations are toget under way and a new constitution providing for a democratic, nonracial South Africa is to be in place,theNationalistgovernment hastoprovetothewoddthat itis acting honourably and that it cannot preach peaceand at the same imeprovokeand stimulate war. Time in short and the AAM has every reason to support tothe full President Nelson Mandels's call to keep up the pressure through sanctions and through theeducation of public opinion worldwide.ANC dfmcsits foreign poickyKEYPOINTSoftheANC'sforeign polLcy as agreed atthe conference include the following (wording followsoriginal),0 The Freedom Chanr, Lhe auic policy document of the ANc, 'consitutes lke fins foundatio fortheconductoftheANCsstamtooa relations.0 Both the Harre Dectration of theO gansatiof AfticanUity and the tIN Deramtin onAparthed. definetheham of as nelaonalty aceptable soluso of the South Africanonflict,andthereforeoutlie the parameterswithis which the reramions between South Africa and the rest of the world can be norralised.0 The conductof tedANCs foreign policy mos take into account the reaities of conteiporary internationalretatios including(a) ageneraluirrrsalitenenncy towards the establishment of political systemo whose features include tult-lpoy lercy, respect for idividual hsman righn and movement away froncentrally-ptanted economies;(t) a tendency towards the disappearanceoftheColdWaranda departre fron thte conduct ofintemationalrelttonuonthebasisof a bipolar world order.0 SouthAfia has entered a critica period in the struggle to end the aparheidsystermandestabishanonracialand non-seuilsdemocrary and the white inorIy regio has been obliged to accept the dentand fon genuinenegoiations, a outlined in the Harore and UN Declarantons, which, among others, eisage the followingtategic stagm(a) the removal of obstacles tonegotitios;(b) the acceptance of interim mcanlswswooverseerthepeiod of trnsifion horn aposhteid to anew riemocratic orderi(c) the adoptio of ademratc constitution, the democratic etection 0 a rep~resentative parhmm ltand theesablhmbnteta see goeernntent* The victories scored by the demrocratrforc. inctudng the (oct that h rgile has been obliged to repoaltheso-caned leilar'e pas of a-hd, have gives ire to a tendency amog a growing snme of cunties towards thepremature lfrig of sanctions against the apart heid regime as a reward for the esuresderteshythe regileRole of sanactiontm* Waysandrneansshouldbefound bywhich to arr the procAss c. the erosion of sanctions to ensure that thedemocratic movement dos not Sthi weapon, which will be required until a democratic constitution hasbeen adopted.

0 The prrna7u1evofanmins istoedapartheid Sine, despitethe meases the regime has hen rampeed to tue,partbid is StI[ in place, to intemational conmmunity most continue to utiise this weapon in raintain pressureon the eglse to expedite .. the attasiment of the objective ofa n-rcil deescraey. 0 Becase it s essential thai thesantionsweponisnotlos, theintarnatinalromruniutrywsrhldbeurged toliastuotheviewofthedderooratic forcesard not seek to reward the apartheid regime. sanctions must therefore be used cretivety in order oarret theeminrn that h occurred. push tile pem prrT forwardand atain the oblectve of a derncratic south Aftica asspeedily as possible.Accordingly, sarctions should coninue to be used as a necessary form of psre. spectigfto8opa of sanotortsshold be used o acieve the Vecific objectives listed below, eachofwhichiscrticaltotheproceiss of tansform-aionr:(a) the - 1 by the regime ofobotes so negotiations, as ,ppulared ., the Harre and UN Deatlut, as well -s the impemenation of etffeoive,e---e by Pretoria 1ri hod violence. c i o) the is ulloinaaannelstaioa osermen and isdalit-e on the Daodo, to a deroran ordec(c) the adoptionotdmen constitutin and thehodin2g of lee and teer eleci lisa nn.rcial Parhamert and afeesrenfullvegeve 1meat..In this co fio the ationalExecutive Conu-i t al sorter of utges ccalled uponin cosutation with oue allies, to deten. the peoe formlatnof tis p-,,,-din lxnwt hapartheid forces w rs ,dwid, inludingthe OAU,the t t rnongovernmental anti-apaheid an~d solidarityfamces,Role of solidarity Dining theoatsionhofreopuotbd to democracy, the role of the itemainu anti-apartheldmovemere (AMtttwill cntinbhcehighty ontical s sDeghng the band of thedemueoratin-oe.n tths regard, theAAM hasthe sk to sesise theobligation of auoirg the people of South Africa in effect the atorferonuatis which will resrh in thesuppresinofthecrime ofapanheid and the institution of a sodal order which will uphold the oltectivescontained in the Universol Decartin onsluonrgRightsandheChrter ofthe UN.0 The word AAIi should prepare adeqately for an inprtant postapartheidrole. schu a role isdictated by risenorouas socio-econonic requalteitha will rerandthe legacy of apartheid and that cannot be addressed by awere removal ofapaidiheidlegiulatonhfom the statote ,inaibe ,l,~~eD- t, aooks.SW a year, ao ece aotheinternlaunal AAM should se con-dien jSlouth Afh-c to addiress0 The international -inf-ly should b-emo it-to-11LtthettANC andlt aIies, thefoethat teman agest ofpoliticildage in Soth Attica, by prdn and fmancial resouce. help realise the followingohecuveat(a) to empower the ui apaid f nu tocac otherad.ofans~foning 71t~lrsholanpartiheidtosd catic toclety I this con tt the people's amy Uokhai Ve slte needs ,s he -sans a, under tofacilitate its flrt itoegraln into a sew naional aryrythawill defeadth ountryand the democatic outer..(in) to asa. in he evlution of de-elopment policies thai will addera, the socnl-economic imbalances resultingfm apartheid, through ttuig and(e) to assist p00-apartheid sooth Africa to eliminate these linhalances and meet the serunien of the people.tI rhoi regard, the ANC tust encourage such initiatives as the establshmsaoSllouth Afican DevelopmeneBank along siniar lines to the Bank of Eeonnaaucinn and Development with regard totetera Europe.Th Nras romote regional and intematinnalcooperation to meet the followingperapectiis,(a) to advance the struggle for he liquidation of the apartheidsysem...(b) actively to promote the objective of democracy, peace, natonalindependence, stability, development andprospenty, asHot debate

ONE OP THE hotest debates at te conference occurred during the discuson of a new constitrt nfortheANC.Itwsparked off b) a proposal fron tthe ANC Wouten'oLeague (ANCwL) that womenhuldbe entitled to 30%of the places in leading bodiesThe debate raged for over four hours, until te League's leaders, s(ein defeat looming, withdrew theirproposal. Some women reportedly argued against a quta, on the grounds that it would devalue their statuson the committees -they would be seen as making up numbers, rather than as deserving places by theirindividual records.The songth of the opposition, much of it tinly-disguisedwell as promote pan-African solidarity and muuallyberneficial c e an ong the peoples, ImutedotheSthatothAftcandai poplewil lhvewith the elofthewodin conditions of peace, friendship and coopertion.(c) to promote programmes directed at the protection of the envirotmieem,(d) tohelp create a world free of nucer and other weapons of moss destmction In this regard, to-sektoprmootedhe rlvnes ofAfiricaandtheIndianmean as nuclear-fmeegounesanifarnassthat would also befree of foreign nnitary fare and bases.(e) to work towards the adritissioanofthderiemiti SouthAiica in such organistions as the SADCC. PTA,OAU, ADE the Loa Convention, the NonAligned Movement and the reestablishment of relatons with theWorld Bank, the IA and the United Nations.on womenchauvinism, took the League by surprise. Expecting acceptance, the League's leaders had not lobbiedbeforehand.ANCWL national organiser, NosiviweMaphlso, inLondonto address an SA Women's day event, told TheGuardian: 'It shocked the men that women could stand up and discuss national issues in thewaythatwe did.Lots of peoplesaidthe quota was setting a precedent for all minority groups to demand the same. Theyforgot that women are 53%0 of the population. But the principle of women's affirmotive action wasaccepted and atleastrwenowhave nine women on the Executive .. . as well as two League representatives.'Conference briefs* The AAM was represented at the conference by chair Bob Hughes MP, who spoke at the opening session.Other British guests, amongst the 450 from 57 counties, included Labour MPs Joan Lestor and DonaldAnderson, Revd David Haslam, Paul Renshaw (SA Coalition and CCBI), and Lord Gifford QC. * 2,244voting delegates took part, of whom 85% represented ANC branches inside South Africa. Most of therestcame fram ANC communities in exile. The ANC now has 760,000 members. 0 Unfinished businss ofthe conferenceincludingiscusion of long-team policy papers on major issues such as land, the economsyand education, will be addressed at a special policy conference in 1992.11 i

4 ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS * SEPTEMBER 1991~c Peace P.rocess MonitorSTAGE IRemoving the obstac t teotationsRelease of political prisoneg ,Thanks to sustained campaigning inside and outside Sonth Africa most political prisoners have now beenreleased But thmeentof the rettaintng problem has been plunged into obscurity byu¢jse bizarre actions ofthe regime.After the 30 April deadline passed for the release of all politcal prisoners, De Klerk was coming underincrerasing pressure from tihe democratic forces at home; also from solidarity movements abroad, focusingon the hunger strikes by remaining political ptisoner, and from western governments worried that the praceprocess might abort.De Kerk did notwantthe political prisoner issue tocause ainajor clash. Nor, on the other hand, did hewanitto b o seen teyilding to pressure from the ANC, chrches and human rights bodies But if he followedthe procedures set out in the Pretoria Minute , agreed with the ANC on 6August 1990, andreleasedonlypoliticalpr-soners, recognising them as such, he would be seen to be adsining the legitimacy ofthe struggle against apartheid.DeKlerk has neverconceded thatapariheidwas wrong (nly that itfailed to work) -northat thestruggle againstitiwas just. I s way out of this dilemma has been to grant across-the-board amnesties to convicted prisoners,whether political or not.

The first amnesty was back a December 19W, butiJr was too restricted to benefit many 'poiticals' Thesecond, on 1 May (also in the formof six months reduction of sentcie), restltedin the release of over 10,000prisoners.Again, too few 'politicals' walked free, Hunger strikes spread rapidly, reachingthe nominally independentbantstan of Bophuthatswana (see page 11). De Kflerk's dilenma grew more acute.Finally, at the beginningofJuly, he authoriseda ftreher one-third remission of sentence for all prisonersexcept in certain limited categories. For criminal prisoners, who normally get a third off anyway for goodbehaviour, this was unexpected natia from heaven.By 17July,the Human Rights Commission(HRC)reported, atotal of over 50,000 prisoners had been released- three-quarters of all convicted prisoneirs Since details are seldom published of who is being released, it isimpossible to tell how many political prisoners remain.The arbitrariness of the regimnes handling of the issue is shown by the position of the SharpeviehSix- bymidJuly, two wereout four still in. Some 19 political prisoners remain on death row. RobertTHEAiTAVA77tht Uapartbeid has been broadly agreed by t inter;ialthnal community. In the fUNDeclaration on 4qnrhoid and ittr Alnuctitve Consequences tn Southern inca adopted t Decenber 1989, thebasic poinciples are seTout for a united. non-racial, multi-paty democracy, based on uniersalianchise on asingle voters' roll.7The route too tbitoal must pass through three stages. The first, remnoving th tto negotat ions, isaboutchanging the police state aaer of the apartheid regime so as to create the d politicalactiy Thesecond in 4 olc jalicrgon, e4 aiout the Oransiional arrangementsnoahes ihkyquestions have to e esolrved at thisWho W ovthe trarstion? Iow will the newconitution be d tp? The third stage will be the actualnegotiation a of a new constitution, ifs adoptionand the hod ollcins under it.in the fo cgular series, Anti-Apartheid Newst de wan Itg-1,releasedmAugst. The HRC still has atleast 800 neamss plitilpri s on its hooks- and il continueto press their cases until satisfied that they have been releasedReturn of exilesAs reported in the revious issue, the UN High Commissioter for Refugees ieejoig a eneral amnesty toaow all exiles to returnwithout fear of arest. Bu the regime is opposed.Rutmuars of ictop up frequerdy, but by mid-August nodetails had been d Only about 2,000 ofanexpected 40,000 exiles hsave etareds'h jtyhas caused serious problemsg for the churgis-based body set up to help reumees solve problems suchas housing, schooling, and jols The National Coordiatsing Coomllitee foir thse Rtepatrtion of SonuthAfrican Exiles (NCCR) is clone to financial ollapse. Unable to wait longer, the ANC stared an airlift ofsome 2,000 membesom Zabi,assisted by the Swedish government, IFor details of repression still in fore,see page 121STAGE HThe debate about an Interim Govemnment is returted on the front page. If it were established in a formacceptable to all major players, theueaceorocesswould moveinto anew ohase focused oi whatthemechanism should be for drawing up a new constitution.The ANCs view is that a sdemacraically elected Constitent Assembly would be the fairest way. The regmenwould rather have the all-party fornos draw up a draft- and drag out the process until near the end of DeKierk's term, le August 1994.'STAGE UliDrafting a New ConstitutionPower-sharing...?The National Party has yet to reveal what sort of cunstitution it wants. But before the Inkathagate scandalbroke, it was predicting increasingly confidentlythat power-sharing would be the basis of the 'new SouthAfrica'. De Kierk told the Independent on Sunday (28 April) what this meant: 'Governments under the newconstitutional dispensation will probably consist of more than one party. The National Party will certainlybe part of such a government.'

De Klerk's project of building a conservative coalition with Inkatha and other forces was then going so wellthat he felt able to boast: I see a formidable alliance of moderate leaders and parties taking shape, alhostvoluntarily, on the basis of share values.'The potential credibility of this 'Christian-Democratic Alliancel, as it was dubbed by the media, has nowtaken a bad knock. To be formed on the axis of an NP/Inkatha alfiance, it was never plausibly Christian incharacter - or democratic ia intent...or democracy?First to publish its proposals for a new constitution was the ANC In April it presented for public debate theresults so far of its own internal discussions. Stressing that these were not final positions, or an aaempt topreempt a Constitutent Assembly, the ANC called for wide discusuionoftheissues, to helpensure'tat popularpaticipatin in conatimtion-making is ra.The ANC document outlines key principles, including a united South Aftica, single cittienship reflectingcommon South African nationhood, and a single system of fundamental and equal rightsfor all. Onlegislative structures, it opts firmly fur proportional representation to elect both a National Assembly (lowerhouse) and a Senate (upper house). The later would provide for representation on aregonal but noton anethnic basis'. It would have power to delay but not to veto legislation.The ANC envisages incorporating elementsof a nationallist and regional accountabilty into the electoralsystem, and offers tentative proposals as to how this might be done,I -.EP,*PE*Nelson Mandela addressesthe European Parliament30 June 1990Photo fuspesa rasrient'For a negotiated solution to be just and lasting, it must result in the transformation of South Afiica into aunited, democratic and non-racial country.'Unthe undersigned members of the European Parliamentary Labour Party, fully support the EuropeanParliament's antiapartheid policy and in particular, its commitment to a united, non-racial and democraticconstitutional order. We pledge our support for the Anti-Apartheid Movement's 1991 campaign plans.RogerB arton, MEPSheffleld, John Bird, MEPMidlands West. David Bowe, M4EPCieveland and Yorlshire North. PeterCrampton, MEPlHumberside. ChristineCrawley, MEPBIrmiluiEast. Wayne David,MEPSouth Wales. Alan Dannelly, MEP 7yne and Wear. Michael Elliott, MEPLondon West. Glyn1 Ford,MEP Greater Manchester East Michael Hindley, MEP Lancashlre East. Geoff Hoon, ME! Derbyshire.Stephen Hughes, ME! Durham. Henry McCubbli, MEPNorth East Scotland. David Morris, MEP Mid andWest Wales. Eddy Newman, ME Greater Manchester Central., Christine Oddy, MEP Midlands Central.Uew Smith, ME! Wales South East. Qeorge Stevenson. ME! Staffordshire East. Ken Stewart, ME!'Merseyside West. Brian Simpson, ME! Cheshire East. Alex Smith, MEP SUth of Scotland. JohnTomllnson, M8P! Birmingham West. [an White, MEP Bristol. *44Joe Wilson, MEPNo tlt Wales, Terry Wynn, .SOAUSTGROUP MEP Merseyside East. EUROMfPARIAMENT

AllTlAPARIHEID NEWS 0 SEPTERBER 1891 5Bush policy boomerangsPRESIDENT Bush's decision to sign away the inain US sancions package mo July proved to be somethingof a boomerang.Instead of opening an eta of cosy catmaraderie in US-South African relations, it opened up newdifferences.Pronouncing the process ofchange in South Africa ireversible, Bush daimed that all the five conditions of the 1986 ComprehensiveAnti-Apartheid Act (CAAA) had been met, and he was therefore legally obligedto end the main US sanctions.The CAAAwas the most substantial sanctions package ad unilaterally by any ofSoUthAfrica's najortrading partnes it was opposed at the time by President Reagan, but he was ovenriddenby Congress. Bush

had long been keen to ditch it.His impatience led hisaminitaion into a indefensible posture. One of the five eonditionthele of political prisoners) had clearly notbeen met - even f the US's own definition of political prisoner (essentially limited to prisonersofconscietce)weretakenas the criterion, instead of the criteria augeed by De Klek and the ANCThe plight of the 1 66 politicalprasonersin 'Bop (the Bophitba tswana homeland) quickly becae pticofady emharassing for Washington.Assistant secretary of state for Africa Heeran Cohen saidpiously: We think they should he released ~* mdc m er nhappy thatnot used itsitremendosinfluenceo ge themout.Bop's president' LucasMangope, was at that ti e in London on his annual visit to watch tennis atWimbledon. On hisieturnhewasprevailedupon to allow ANC pieneo Nelson Mandela to visit hungersrikers in the Odi hospital. Butso other evidence of Pretoria s tressesdittus influence' appeared,De Klerk's relurtance toshove Mangope (his longest-JumpingSOUTH Africa's admission to the International Olympics Committee (C) was premature, said the UNSpecial Commritteeagainst Apartheid.The Commiee, which will take par in a comprehensive UN review of the sports boycott on 10-13September,saidthe followingsteps had to be taken to open the way to theliftingof the sports boycott:* serious and concrete steps towardsunifying allSouthAfrican sportson a non-racial basis;* opening of sports facilities to all South Africans regardless of race;* national federations and governing bodies should take effective action to develop athletes of all tacesIn London the AAM pointed out that the IOC had admitted South Africa before one of its own conditios-the aboliion of apartheid - had been met. If participation followed, would a South African team competeunder the eisting flag, symbol of white domination? And what anthem would be played?serving andmostloyalbaotustan ally) into line was also atthe root of another cause of friction with the US.Pretoria'sfailure toaccept thetUNHClR'srequestforageneral ainestyforexiles(seeopposite) derivesifrom thefactthat such an amnesty would have to cover all of South Africa - including the bamustans.Cohen called in Pretoria's ambassador to Washington to signal US impatience with the delays - and toplacate the anti-apartheid critics of Bush's policy. But by now he'd given another hostage to fortune.Seeking to justify the scrapping of the CAAA, Cohen had proclmied thatthe US had found no e'idence ofSouth African goverrnent conmplcity in the violence between blacks. Then Inkathagate erupted - andproved the contrary.From Johannrsbarg the HtlumanlsghtsCommberidemfy pointed out that another of the CAAA conditionswas that the South Af ocan govenmuent should agree to enter into good faith negotiations. Now that badfaith had been revealed, should not Bush 'go beck to ti drwing board"The lifting of the CAAA was not, in anycase, the end ofsancfinns,asboth the Comonweakth secretary-general and the AAM in London pointed out Most multilateral sanctions are stil in place Andinthe U, thepractical effectsoffluls h'cyamuc~h restietd by the santionspoiie till ,litda'ed by 2l' states (including Califomia), 78 oike and 20 counties, South Afric Airways is stilldenied lauding rights is New York.Wayne Mitchell of the Anrican gnbeof Coaamerein Johannesburg said that tinvesucsere 'unlikely to make ,ily aor dcon untilthey have a cearer picture of thepolitical and economic policies that will emerge ., many ciesand stairs mayreserne judgementutil they hearfrom the ANC.'the gun!The Movement said it had long supported the admission of united non-racial sports organisations intointernational bodies,ashadbeenthecasewith South Africa's non-racial table tennis federation. Butparticipation in competition should not be regarded as an automatic consequence at this stage,Veteran sports campaigner Sam Ramsamy insists that South Africa is not re-entering the Olympics - it isentering for the first time. Previously, before the sports boycott took off, it was only 'white South Africa'that competed.

AlbhleticsSouth Africaseemed unlikely to take pact in the World Championships, starting in Tokyo on 23 August,two days after formal ratification of the lifting of South Africa's 15-year long suspension by theInternational Amateur Athletics Federaton'To compete only 48 hours after recognition would be obscene, toputitmildl,' warnedInkthagate - unravelling the webSeret twainnIn confirming fi the first time that 'some 150 Zalus' had been Strained by the SADFin 1986 'with a view tosecurit and VIP protecton', he failed to explain why the SADF had denied such taining when the WeeklyMail firstetposeditin 1990. lesecret baewasrunby thesame divson of Military Intelligence that controls tleNo. 5 Re-c unt L exposed by Sgt Ndimene (see F, Mlh.e ,-.L ., by. i .tk, aremfrosnrpage). atyw drseAMspote tiflrhgtpoet 4JlThe Weekly Mail has now .StA u sat at ats ut,24 Julyrevealed that the training of KwaZulucabinetmainster-who has noless than six secret fund. Inkathamembers was not washimelf convictedofnmuder the secret services account; therestricted in the way De Klerk earlier-this year, special defence account; theindicated Not only were they informationservicesaccounk theaierd i ban and hthe l Six secret funds foreign, affairs special accountue ia but they w (usedbyPiklBothaostensiblyfor.'d i iANC assassinations Du Plessis's briefing on secret ann-sanctions work), the Sooth ordered bySamuel laraile, a fundine reveals that the redmae African Police's secret account:isytdea. syU~Mot~olt'Aftr Bob ~hu aMP ad etrsfadohl, stto atted th.AC cahfeesug, d.oiqrt" broke Into sixisuslo gros 'to debte ureport fruiioswt= ui =luu~u Many lit thedebat trai priaturs. othersifelt that plang fotrsolaity vdihsdistiu~uh~ stidgot sUr0. Everybody agreed thattie AAM muts keepgollng, aEdt555lytpportflhastrugle fu uOuel u-se throughout the tr.MICIGot l period. Pitte: John SugieVote for democrSam armsaiy. "Talking about participation before recognition is anindcationthat unityisbeing effected forthe sake of participation. Unity and non-racialism must be effected for their own sake,' he added.But the new non-racial athletics body is badly split on the Tokyo games. Some white athletes, desperate tocompete, were reported to be thinking of breaking away in order to do so.THE Anti-Apartheid Movement's major campaign for the next six months will be launched at this year'sTUC Congress in Scoiand in SeptemberTUC general secretary, Nornan Willis will join Archbishop Huddleston and Bob Hughes at a symbolicvoting ceremony when they will each cast a 'vote' for democracy in SouthAfrica againstthebackdrop of theAAM's Campaign Bus,From Glasgow the Campaign Bus will move on to Bourmemouth where the Liberal Democrats will be inconference. Then on tothe labour Paty in Btrighton and the Conservative Party conference in Blackpool. Ateach vense there will be a similar voting ceremony,The Day of ProtestAction on 13 Septensher (see page 1) will be the first opportunity for massand the NIS's (National Intelligence Service) account.The latter, allocated £380m in the current year, provides funds for four other accounts but Du Plessis didnot identify what these were.Of the NIS global budget, 'only R15.7re'was being used for specialpirojects. A further R26.9mfronthespecial defence account would also be used for special projects. Takenatfacevalue, this means thatPretoria will spend 110m this year on secret special projects.Justifying a 169% increase in the NIS budget, the finance minister complained that theexchangeratehadnmadeoverseas operations more expensive!Public scruttiny The onlygestre De Iterk made in response to calls for public scratiny of all slush funds wasto announce thatfie would appoit a small advisory committee from the privae sector to advise me onexisting secret specialThe ANC dsmissed this as 'a face-savingmeasuredesignedto embroil others in dirty tricks to preserve thepower of the National Party'.Now Cosatu and the employers' federation, Saccola, have jointly agreed to tell De Klerk to drop theplan, and instead to allow the peace foun to establish guidelines (and control iechanisms) asto when thepublc interest would be served by covert activites.Peace Forum

The proposed peace foram will be the outcome of a meeting set up by (he churchesinfitne, after the failureof De Kierk's summit us enre, wh'ich most parties boycot ie forum will work nut codes;of conduct andmonitoing procedures for both thed seci forces and political organlsationsIt is tbng assembled in a low-key maner by a preparatory o omoittee which comprises p-omient ndidualsfirom the chhsur,- and big business, political.parne both inside and outside parliament; several trade uniongroupings; and three nominees from each of the government, Inkatha, and the ANC-led alliance.icy! says AAM'voting The AAM will be pro- paign. It is planned to culminate ducing hundreds of thousandsinanationwidedayofvoting'on of'ballotforna'overthenextsix 21 March 1992. months on which members of'The cinpaign will be the the publicwilbeable castavote major priority of the AAM over for or against thesimple the next six months,' said Mike proposition'Ivotefordemocrary Terry, AAM executive secretary, inSouth Africa - one-person- 'Wemustgetoverthemessageto one-vote in a nonracial society' the people ofBritain that there Local Authorities Against can be no genuine end to apartApartheid are backing the cam-heid until all the people of South paign by organising voting Africa are able to elect a goverbooths outsidetown halls or meat oftheir choice on the basis sanilar venues in cooperation of one-person-one vote...withlocalAAgroupsonSaturday 'This campaign will also 12 October. The National Union provide us withthe opportunity of Students is giving its backing toconvincethepubkcoftheneed with a fortnight of 'voting'on to get rid ofthe De Klerk regime campuses during the first term and replace it with an Interim The TUCis supporting the Government, and of the imporcampaign by producing a jointtanceofmaintainingintemational leaflet with the AAM including - pressure, especially sanctions.'the'ballotform'. Badges, stickers A campaign briefing, order posters and leaflets are being formsforcampaignmaterial, etc, produced to publicise the cam- areavallablefromMandelaStreet

6 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER 1991A UNITED, NON-RACIALDEMOCRACYCANNOT BE BUILTUPON THE POLITICAL VICTIMSOF APARTHEIDFREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS NOW!Derrick Fullick, General Secretary9 Arkwright Road, Hampstead, London NW3 6ABNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROBATION OFFICERS3-4 Chivalry Road, London SWi1 11HTsends greetings to the AAMand the trade union movementin South AfricaNAPOcalls for sanctions nowand the release of all political prisonersEU N1 ONAGAINST APARTHEIDAND ALL OTHER UNJUSTDISCRIMINATIONDENIS SCARDGeneral SecretaryNationaf0 Office:60/62 Clapham RoadLondon SW9 OJJTGWUNorthern Region Sends Greetings to all those n CDS working forTheNoti. of Cii .d P ien FREEDOMINSOUTH AFRICARegional Secretary Regional Chairperson SUPPORT THE Joe Mills Colin DaleLelie Christie General Seretary

,andy BoylePresidentTHESOCIETY OF TELECOM EXECUTIVESwhich represents managers and professional staff in the telecommunications industry in the UK, sendsgreetings of solidarity and support to those who continue to suffer under the South African apartheidregime. We remain committed to the maintenance of sanctions and to the struggle to end apartheid.IEIDEFENDINGSCOTTISH TEACHERSDEFENDINGSOUTH AFRICANTEACHERSGREETINGS TO AAM AND FULL SUPPORT IN THE FIGHT TO ENDAPARTHEIDIThe Educational Institute of Scotland 46 Moray Place, Edinburgh EH3 6BH Tel: 031 225 6244KFATNATIONAL UNION OFKNITWEAW FOOTWEAR& APPAREL TRADESGeneral President: David Lambert General Secretary; George BrowetFOR A SPEEDYEND TOAPARTHEIDGreetings to all our colleagues in South Africa and special greetings to our colleagues in the South AfricanClothing and Textile Workers' UnionKFAT, The Grange, Earls Barton, Northampton NN6 0JHTel: 0604-810326

ANTI-APARTiEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER 1991 7Unity in action against apartheid: Cosatu congressCALLS FOR an intenm government and aconsttuent assembly dominated the politcal discussions at thefourth congress of CosatU (Congress of South African Trade Unions) In July.A draft programme of action to remove the racist government and open the path to democracy wasunanimously supported. It will berefineddroagh discussion by member unions and with Cosatu's politicalallies, and then taken to a Workers' Summit of all progressive trade unions in September. A posible generaltike will also be dscu sed.Amongst the guest speakers' were ANC national chairman Oliver Tambo, SA Communist Party leader JoeSlovo, and C. irgham Ng kuana, generai secretary of Nactu (National Council of Trade Unions), Cosatu'srival federation.Ngcakana's speech, exploring the prospects for trade union unity, won a warn ovation. He proposed thataffihates ofthetwo federations cooperate and seek to establish unity in their respective sectors by the end ofMarch next year. Unity, he said, should he based on nonaffiliiont o plitical parniesPeace processcentral question - how should trade uiosrelate to the struggle for deo cy? None of theunions argued that Cosatu itself should take part directly in onstitutional negotiations Most favouredanindirect role, through aiancesCoam's poiary alliance is with the ANC and SACP Weaknesses in its recent functiorng, includinglackofconsultaion on some issues, were crittcised. But Cosatuis also keen on the formaton of a PatrioticFront, which could smooth the path to unity with Nacva.Two hatsThe 'two hats'dehatetackled the factthat m y trade union leaders also occupy 1eadin8 poitions in the ANC,and/or in the SACP. Only three unions arguedagainst the wearing of two hats. The matoniy defended thepractice as alowing for political panticipation - but warned against leaders trying to hold full time positionsin both a union and a political organisation.The oganisation of women workers and of the unemployed were both debated at length. Amongst otherplans, the executive will now consider arnnointinafun-time coordinators

the three-day congress included environmental protection, AIDS, and pensions Congress voted for theabolition of racial differentiation in state pensions, and against decentralisation of state old age pensions tothe basi) sans. Debates on international policy and socialism sufferedfrom lack of time.Congress met so the wake of the Inkathagate scandal. Revelatons of large-scale, secret regimefundingofanti-democraticforces - using taxpayers' money prompted calls for a campaign to stop taxpayments, Parsicularly galling to Cosat members was the disclosure of huge statepayments to UwusaUwUsaThe United Workers' Union of South Africa, recipient of at least £300,000 ofPretoria's slush funds, waslaunched on May Day 1986 at a Durban rally attended by 70,000 people. Hundreds of buses and 22 trainsbrought people to the rally from all parts of Natal and dbfjohannesburgarea - for free.Although businessmen weremore prominent in Uwusa's h ISSIe leadership than trade unionists,the union claimed to haverecruited 100,000 members in its first year, and to have signed 200 recognition agreements. But the NatalLabour Monitoring Project estimates Uwusa's membership now to be less than 50,000.From the outset, Uwusa was the labour arm of Chief Buthelezi's Inkatha. Its role was to smash Cosat -oftenliterally. Countess deaths and mnes have been caused by Uwusa's strong-arm tactics.Regime funding was channelled through the South Afican Police. But Uwusa turned out to be a bottomlesspit. Alarmed at the complete lack of financial records, Adriaan Vlok, then minister of law and order,commissioned an inquiry into Uwusa's finances.Carried out by a pro-Inkatha institute, the inquiry found a stewpotof corraption, in-fightingandincompetence. Its reportwas submittedtothe KwaZulubantustan authorities in August 1989, and laterforwarded to Vik.The report said of the Uwusa general secretary, Dumnisan Dludla, that he had no management oradministrative experence, andnoknowledgeof trade union theory and practice, and only a 'vagueunderstanding' of collective bargaining. He is still in post, but - if Vlok is to be believed - regime fundinghas been stopped.GREETINGS AND BEST WISHESTO THE NON-RACIAL TRADE UNIONMOVEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICANO RELAXING OF SANCTIONS UNTIL ALL OBSTACLESTO NEGOTIATIONS HAVE BEEN REMOVED, THE VIOLENCE HAS BEEN ENDED, ANDPROGRESS TO A FAIR AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IS IRREVERSIBLENORMAN WILLIS General SecretaryTICALEC SMITHTUC General CouncilRON TODDChairTUC International CommitteeTucTrades Union Cogress

8 ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER 1991British unionsbuild linksAn important feature of Brtish solidarity wit the liberation struggle in Southern Africa is the assistance thattrade unions here are able to offerto the non-racial trade union movement in South Africa, and to the tradeunions in Namibia, headed by their national centre the NUNW (National Union of Namibian Workers).Already a number ofs ritish trade unions are involved in training and other programmes of assistance withsister unions in South Africa. Richard Bielby reports.SHOPWORKERS union Uscdaw started to build links with the South African Commercial, Catering andAllied Workers' Union (Saccawu) in 1987, when general secretaryGarfield Davies and president Syd

Tierney made a fact-finding visit to South Africa. Since then Saccawu officials have visited Usdaw onseveral occasions to see how Usdaw organises and operates.Usdaw has been able to offer support in a number of areas campaigns, disputes and education of Saccawumembers. In 1989 Usdaw created a Central Support Fund for general assistance to South African tradeunionists and their families. Over £40,000 has been contributed by Usdaw branches, backed up by £20,000from the union's fundsMSF (Manfacturing, Science, Finance) has formal links with a number of South African trade unions,including the Chemical Workers' Industrial Union and Saccawu. In the past they have also hosted visits bymembers of theSouth Afirican Mieworkerslegal matters and financial help when in dispute.Transport unionsRMT, the railworkers and shipfarers union, has been able to offer all kinds of assistance to the SouthAfrican Railway and Harbour Workers' Union (Sarhwu). The RMT, with other transport unions Aslef,Numast, TSSA and TGWU, helped save the livesof fourSarhwu members under sentence of death.RMT has had an arrangement for the provision of monthly donations to help Sarhwu operate effectively,and at its 1991 AGM launched a scheme with Sarhwu whereby members of RMT can become honorarymembers of Sarhwu.The Inland Revenue Staff Federation has recently struck a three-year deal to provide funds for training andeducation to the SouthAfrican Domestic Workers' Union Sooth Africa's postal union Potwa, has establishedrelations with bothe Union ofI Morlt, TGWU's next general scrtay, with eoe Lobo (AAM)Union to their educational college at Bishops StonfOrd.Local governmentLocal government union Nalgo has been able to msaxrmise the experience of its intemational department tothe full. Since 1986 they have been building links with health workers and with municipal workers.Today Nalgo's links with Nehawa (National Educational, Health and Allied Workers Union) and Samwu(South African Municipal Workers Union) are well advanced. Both unions are benefiting from training andeducational programmes financed by the districts and branches of Nalgo, and have had assistance withCommunications Workers and the Society of Telecom ExecutivesSome unions such as the Fire Brigades Union have no .direct counterpart in South Africa, or are only nowstarting to build links with newly formed nonracial unions in South Africa like the Musicians' Union whichhas played a central role in sustaining the cultural boycott for many years.These are sone of the many practical contributions being made by AAM-affiliated trade unions to theconsolidation and growthof non-racial tradeunions in South Africa, whose role in the fight against apartheidhas been great, and whose responsibilities in helping build a non-racial society will be even greater.TRADE UNIONS - MAJOR FSouth African trade unionism, one of the unsung success stories of the 1980s, faces new and difficultproblems in the 1990s.The rapid growth of the non-racial trade unions in South Africa in the past decade has brought the numberof trade unionists in the countryfrom 808,000 in 1980 to nearly 2.5 million. Relative to the total number inemployment, this makes South Africa' tw e as unionised as a number of industrialised countries,' says theILO (International Labour Organlatlon).Black workers have responded triumphantly tothe challenge presented to them in the early 98ts when theapartheid state chose to try and secure control of the black labourforce by recognisingand caoptlngtheirunions - whilst subverting those which asserted their independence.Butblackworkers face huge problems. asgnan if not declining economy, unemployment is rsingfest- andwith it crime and violence. Thelegacyof partheid in all areas- housing, health, educationetc-imposintolerable hardships on working people.Alan Brooks reports on the challenges facing outh African trade unions.SOIUTH Africa's political crisis spiralled from 1984 onwards the new unions steadil built theirorganisational strength and used it generously to underpin the libration straggle against apadsid. Theysorvived usayage repression, won tanglehift fIr their members and grudging respect from employes. andbegan to rol back the power of thestate over labour.*Today the non-racial trade oniOns areeUl-established as by far the largest democratic force in a countrypoised toadvance from racist despotism to political derracy. The last mile ofthe fight against apartheid isthe first mile of theimiggle for social reconstrction,

The recent election of one of Sooth Africa's foremost trade uaoiscs, the leader of the NatouaUt uon ofMineworkers (NUM), Cyril Ramaphosa, to the key prsition ofsecretary general of the ANC (see page 3)was highly significant. It symbolised the arrival centre stage of organised labour, rich in hard-wonexpeienceoforganismgunderadversityandoftoughnegotiatioa with ruthless opponents.RetrenchmentYet the very crisis which has forced the state to enterinto dialogue with those it regards as it enemies iseroding the base of the trade unions. This year alone, half a million jobs are expected to disappearthrough retrenchment.Ramaphosa's former union has seen 80,000 jobs go in ining since 1989. In the annual round of negotiationswith the Chamber of Mines, completed injuly, the NUM settled for an average of 600 increases for itsmembers in the gold mines, with a bonus (mnaxumof7/s linked to the price of gold. lInflation is nannittgpat 15%. lpr d rights of access to members living on mine properties sveetened the pil of a wage deal worsethan any the union has achieved in recent years.Gold mining is a declining industry. But manufacturing, which generated nearly half a million new jobs inthe 1960s. created only 28,000 new jobs in the I980s.Fewer strikesAnother sign of the times: 1991 has seen a sharp fall in the level of strike action. In the first six months,375,Otfrperson-days were lost, compared with 1,200,000 in the first half of 1990.Perhaps the greatest challentgeto the unions is the hugeproblem of unemployment, Official figures, which omnit the bantustans, are completely unreliable. Butinformed estimates hover around the 5 million mark - a ratio of two jobless for each trade union member.Thenon-racial unions which embraoeabout two-thirds of all unionised workers, are undoubtedly a power inthe land. But the magnitude of the problems facing the black working class cannot be addressed byindustrial militancy alone.A political solution, based on universal franchise, is urgently needed. Only a government with widesupport, committed to social and economic transformation of the wasteland left by apartheid, can start tobuild a better future.This imperative guarantees the close involvement of the nonracial unions in the battle for democracy.Recent exposes of secret regime funding for Inkatha's stooge 'trade union', Uwusa (United ] WorkersUnion of South Africa), have sharpened theIr demand for an interim government that will compel thesecurity forces to act impartially, and enable genuine negotiations to take place.Negotiations are a battleground where the unions know how so fight. They have a crucial contribution tomake - and are determined to make it.

lE FOR DEMOCRACYRdwoder kiled In strike fr1 nt dtion. Sahwu (above), RUM, Cors..miad Fmtu (below amd left) we four ofCosatu's bigest affiliates, i transpor ndnng, etail trade and food and canningANTI-APARTHEiD NEWS * SIP1EMBER 1991 9The big four: a rough guide to South Africa's trade unionsTHE BIG FOUR trade union federations could not be more different. They reflect both the deep racialdivisions of the old society and the non-racial forces striving to build a new one. Like much else aroundthem, they are in a state of flux.SACOL comprises all-white untons, racist and narrowly protectionist. They have foughtforyearstoprotectwhite workers' jobs through the industrial colour bar, and maintain racial wagedifferentials of, for example, 5:1 in gold mining. They do not like De Klerk's 'reforms', and blamethemforthe erosion oftheir living standards.Some SACOL affiliates have tried to establish a 'super-union' which would use industrial muscle tohaltthedrift away from apartheid. But these attempts havefounderedonthesame petty fractionalism that hasprecented the ultra-white political foI-es from uniting to challenge De Klerk from the rightAt the opposite end of the spectrum, the powerhouseof the non-racial unios ns Cosatu. Its membeiship isoverwhelmingly black, huttunstrongJy comnuet to non-raciaism, and white officials often play a keS' rolein some of its affiliates, The key to its strength on the ground is its corps of 25,000 s1s tewards.Cosatu's enthusia for the principle of 'one industy - one union' is another key to itscOSATU-CongressofSA Trade Unionsr 1.3 million

paid up members. Its five biggestaffiliatesare in metal, including steel and cars (273,000); miting(270,000);clothing and textiles (186,000); food, including canning and fishing (131,000); and catering andconmercial (102,000).NACIlJ-NationalCouncl of Trade Unions: 200,000 paid-up members, principally in chemicals (41,000),building and construction (35,000 ), state transport (32,000), and steel, engineering and metals (32,000),SACOL - South African Confederation of]Labour86,000 paid-up members, mostly in iron, steel, and minng.FEDSAL - Federation of Salaried Staff Associations: 230,000 paid-up members in 14 staff associauto,predominantly whitecollar. Some of its affiliates have a racially mixed membership, some are whites only,some are hardly trade unions at all. As a grouping it is likely to disintegrate because the middle groundbetween apartheid and non-racialism is crumbling.strength. Bangingheads together has worked - even if painfully. When formed inDecember 1985, Cosatuhad 33 affiliates, representing 460,000 workers Now it has 14 with 1,300,000 members. Mergers have beena key policy objective, rather a response to decline as in Britain.Since the ANC and the South African Communist Party were unbansed in February 1990, Cosatu hasentered into a Tripartite Allianewith them But with theANC making the running in negotiations with theregine, and the SACP enjoying its own long-lived alliance with the ANC ('Not so much an alliance -rorelike a scrambled egg,' De Klerki reputed to have said), the Tripartite Alliance has yet to identify a clear rolefor itself. Its parts are much greater than its sum.Nactu isformaltyinon-aligned politically, but closer to the Pan-Africanlst Congress and the BlackConsciousness Movement than to anything else. But the political differences that bedevil this pan of thepolitical spectum have afflicted Naciu too, and ts influence has been mostfelt when it has joined forces withCosat, eg in the long and ultimately successful battle to defest anti-anion legislation passed in 1988 andabandoned earlier this year.Peter McKemzieWorking at the coal-face of solidarityIan Stuart describes the work of the AAM Trade Union CommitteeTHE Anti-Apartheid Movement's work with trade unions has always been crucially important. Over manyyears it has helped to swing the TUC and its'member unions wholeheartedly behind AAM policies andcampaigns Close working relations with the TUC and its International Committee and Department, havebeen forgedthrough a great deal of hard work by AAM activists and trade union supporters.Originally formed in 1968, the AAMTrade UnionCommittee has been at the centre of this activity, creatingwithin the British trade union movement a powerful movement of solidarity with the liberation struggle inSouthern Africa.Meeting monthly in London, the Conuttee provides a fortm forAAMstaffto meetandconsult senior tradeunion officials from the unions affiliated to the AAMcurrently 39 in total These contacts have helped to'open doors' into theLabourMovement for AAM officials and those engaged directly in the freedomstruggle in Southem Africa,The Comnittee has helped to inform the Labour Movement on anti-apartheid issues and assited the AAM inits campaigning work. The breadth of interests represented on the current Counittee is impressive, coveringworkers in all sectors on the TUC, including the major industrials and those organisingin the public sector. Mining, transport, education, local authorities, civil service, shopworkers, broadcastingand the entertainment industy are all represented.The Committee's main aims are:1. to mobilise union support behind AAMs campaigns;2. to provide advice, practical help and financial support to the AAM: and3. to give the anti-apartheid cause a high prffile to the TUG.The Committee has been indebted over the years for the assistance given by the South African CongressofTrade Unions (Sact) now mergedwithCosam.Bilateral links have been developed with unions in South Akfrica and Namibia, a process which iscontinuing (see separate report). These links have facilitated supportive action in industrial disputes wherethe parent company was located in Britain. In support of sanctions, action is often taken to track down, andwhere possible stop, the import and transportation of goods, egNamibianuranium and South African coal.Combating repressionOne of the most successful areas ofiworkhas been moblising trade unionists against the repression of theirbrothers and sisters in Southern Africa.

In 1987, whentrade unionits in South Africafound themselves in the front line of resistance to apartheid,and were suffering many casualties as a result, the Trade Union Committee joined forces with SATIS(Southern Africa The Imprisoned Society) to set up the Joint Campaign Against Repression of TradeUnionists in South Africa and Namibia.Campaignswerelaunchedon behalf of various anti-apartheid prisoners including those on death row.Successful campaigns included those:* to secure thereleaseofveterantrade unionists Oscar Mpethaand Harry Gwala* in 1988 rmn by civil serviceunions to secure the release of Jason Angula in Namibia;* by the railway unions to stopthe execution of four Sarhwumembers;* by the NUM to halt the execotion of miner 'Lucky'Nomnganga.Work continues to secure the release of those who have been saved from death row and are now servinglong sentences,The role of British unions in solidarity work will certainly continue, if not expand, during the transitionfrom apartheid to democracy. Thedevelopmentof their Southern African counterparts will be a majorpriority.

10 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER 1991IPresident Union of Shop, Audrey WiseDistributive & General SecretaryAllied Workers D.Garfield DviesUsdaw says:'Keep up the Boycottof South African goods.Show solidarity with South African /Trade Unionistsand theANC.'188 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M14 6LJ.ONAL GRApH,S OC I AT 0 0TheNational Graphical Association sends greetingsto all members of Cosatuand the South AfricanPaper Printing Wood andAllied Workers' UnionTony Dubbins Bryn GriffithsGeneral Secretary General PresidentGraphic House, 63-67 Bromliam Road, BedfordTransport and GeneralWorkers 'greetings to Anti-Apartheid NewsKeep up the pressure for sanctions!Ron Todd General SecretaryBill Morris General Secretary ElectTransport & General Workers' Union, Transport House.Smith Square, London SW1 3JB00working togetherfor aunited, democratic

and non-racialSouth MricaGMB - BRITAIN'S GENERAL UNIONGeneral Secretary: John Edmonds

AJ-APARTHID NEWS I SEPTEMBER 1991 URepression? ltVs business as usual in 'Bop'There is one part of South Africa where old-style apartheid repression flourishes completely unchanged. Asfar as tbe authorfts in the nominally independent bantustan ofBophuthatsýana are concerned, the PretoiaMinute- tbe ANCiregime agreement about disnantling political rpression - might as well not exist. GeraldOluUlvan reports.UNDERthe PretoiaMfrstst, ti 81,,cg iuiltookT u "" '"1 toB neea~nealno hoel d cile priee i sIe r to cete a plitical.dit , teonnti.ns onSouth A1rtca' fitutsrr Earut13.,1utharwsnanu-, fl t-eea e>nr ha, been itsililled 1. ärrtheSoth Afrlcanr i-nagu,-,that the Pretoria Mnut does not ~oel Bop, wbtcb De, Kjlr ca1, a neigbsepara po-kkt, of land do(ordaround the Trfisvaal, Orange Free State and Northem Cape)The apartheid state gave Bophutbatswana it 'independencem i 1977spanofthepolicy of 'separatedevelopment. The pseudo-state has no dplomatac relantins wt the outstde world and has been recogitsed byno state other than South Africa.Freedom of expression Revlewing the state of cvtl liberties in 'Bop,' the MafekinOg Anti RëpressiornFontm(MAREF) sys that wiile South Africa ars to some rent Sierlised it,e ylegolanon, the homeland has tightened up its version of the Intermal SeotrityAcit, extending thedefinition of an illegal gathering and prohbiiting 'nonc-tzens' from political aetivity.Freedoms of epression and assembl hae -n erodd by anuings, detenionwithor tta and expulsiro etc Theexrcuatves of te ANCvaal Runl Action CommitteeLabour legislation prevent 'Bop' workers from joining unionsaffiatedto 'foreign South frian sade uanionfederations Cosau and Nactu The puratve president, Chieft Lucas Mangope, has sacked s~or~s of policalopponrts from their fob in the state see r and edcaninal mstituitons, under the tenos n1 bos SecuntyClearance Act.shocks were commonplace in Mafeking, unti MAREF obtained court interdicts restrainrog sentity poiceromnssaulting aid torting detainers, but abuse conitnaes e remoter arem,ln December last year, the entrei6,000 strong community of Bcaldaae fled the homes for suk m0oths afterbeing atacked by vigilantes, spported by the Bohuthatswanas ntv forces.cla.ts that there are no polittca prisoners in iu jails, while Sout Abica argues that they are being held in aneigbbouring stateAt the ime of wuting, 40 prisoners who recently conducted a hunger strike were still in hospital.'Weareallpolitical prisoners,andwe rebereforfigltiýg apartheid,' declared the hunger strikers in a letterto DeKlerk.Most of Bon's oliticaNamibia -,what price dTHE 191532 sotes ga-edh y the outh Aftcan-b kedDTAinthe Namiblanelectionsim November 1989 costreta68 each. to total, fheaparlhtd regtre spen( more ort boositog seven anti Swapopaies thanthe omtbnedcaspioedingofthelabou nd Conserva~ve parties in the 1987 Britih general electonThe DTA recetved at Iran R65m fbom Pretoria Bot it only agged to win 28 55 of the voIes, ina b.yelectoate of just under a million. Six other auBSwapo parties got another R35mas prt of Pretona's atrempts o 'x' iteresults oftthie elections toNanibia'sC onstituent A nsembly Swapo won 57.3% of the vote.Commenttng on Pik Botha's rvelainotsecretgrantsofover R100m to Swapo's oppný,It, fnur Britishoganisatiopoined out ina leter to Tbe Gaaerdian that the whole operation bad enjoyed the full backing of theöuth Aficaocabinr m-iduding f W de Klenk.Church Arton on Natibla, the Namibta Suppott Conmmittre,the Mozambique Angola Committee and the AAM posed the quesitotio: itPrtowasepared to noben the LrN-stpervised election processIn Namibia how

IRSF says"Forward to one person, one vote in ademocratic South, Africa"John WilliamsPresidentClive BrookeGeneral Secretary1 J ]:

12 AN1~*ARTNH!ID NEWS b 8ST!UIR 1991Still a police state - but less soTO CLEAR the way for negotia- was led, and 121 accused were protestthellfungofLYSsanctions targets,Aorgaulser for Numusa tions, the De Klerk regirre is granted indemnty during the and police foisdkag ofInkatha, (Na tion ofMetlWorkes supposedtohavetakenstepto trial. But 673 persons were was banned bythe chief of South Mania> was gunneddismantlethepolicestate -klnu- convicted, of whom 74 cecelved magistrate. down near hishone on2OJuly,dingtherepealfre es laws, poson seoences osly weeks ater three NusaAs with the release of politcal srfsrma i h.pt-a wer urderd inprisoners, what has been done oh = f. . the Johannesburg arra.falls weil lshort ofthe me Politialki]lingsintheilfirstseven Also in july, civic leadercalled for in the UN Decartiaon Five setonsof the Internal mosoth of 1991 totaned 1,281, MichaelMapongwana and his on Apartheid. But international Secorty Act, allowlig the hai- cospared with 980 inthe sante driverweekledbyfieg~nnse pressure has brousght some ning or restricting ofgatheriigs,perodofl990.Montor ngbodies in a township near Cape Town impsrovements - and tactieal retain in lMaydone, nonethre shecosing Hehadsvivedamrderatemptchanges ro the fors of abuut2,500peplewere arrested ioreorganised, and kuings are last year is whichhis wife wasrepresston. for atnendinggat emrngsdened, torel-iinadehystall groups killed. ArchbishopHuddlestonillegal. A Co-ao mareh in with autoratic weapons visited the orphane childrenOeetion Wititout i;Pretoria, pla for 7 August to Trade unionists are firequen du~sg his stay in CapeTowa.who are known to h lve tied in nsstody since 1963, 30 died in the frst live (bys. "PolliticalInJuly, t59poldcalliswerein progres, willi 1,05accosed. ln the preceding year, over 900 pölitical trials werecompleted, inolhing 5,010 a~cuseL As resut, dir, r inoir , ' of the operation of the Pl-oria Minute, chargesagaat 3,330 were 581y- 1 t ~nd-t 6 feI#.}TIhwithdrawa hefore anyevidence Ha~ R[gh ctmtltt, t g a8ti~ [nLnThe Civil and Public Services Associationcalls for:b the Immedlate release of allpolitical prisonersb an elected Constituent Assemblyto draw up a Constitutionand lay the grounds for eiectionson the basis ofone person, one voteIn a free, democratic, non-racialSouth Africabased on majority ruleCPSA, 160 Falcon Road London SW11 2LNjay Naidoo trialadjournedTHE TRIAL ofjay Naidoo, eneral

-creaoftheCongressoöfSouth African Trade Union, (Cosam), and thee other senior Cosa otfm.ls hegan on24 J-n and lasted for mwo weeks. The prosecuticn mad dear that iu would press for convion on all threecharges and for the nmaxintum sentenor of 10 years for nach of the accused. The decsion of the raagistrateis epected to bearnounc- on 15 Ortoher.The accused face charges of kidnappng, assault and rohery aftecanincidentoutsdeCosam's my Nulho .tt:.nheadoffice on 28 August 1990 when union officals aplae- w,,e ar16 w~.hended a police spy who was by do jaytlaidotund in possession of a t- kept in ie dock f wayradioandphotographsofa conecutie dahs forr ree intenseqestionlng by the p- ctici.Nearty all of the unios affiiiatednaheö irpt9D1e Klerkdessngtf.( theclwges bedroppd, atheTUCraä. the trialwith the then law and order rninster. Adriaan Vlok A letter froaC generlsectay, Norman Wils was pubishedin lite Otapolae on the opemlng Th,ý,é.,ieyufa:eas a pniticaly-,otivatepoecution. Presstre .s t,- u th Anita g-crne t.,ro e allBritish tjade tfetolsgp Letters shos4dbe add-,sset. Presiden 1W de de,&rk ¢I Sot.11Aic,Hoise, Trafalga,,1-,, londonTheNATIONAL UNION OF TEACHERS, Britain's biggest teachers' union, congratulates all teachers, studentsad trade unionists in South Africa who have struggled long and hard against the evils of apartheidTAXES BRISTOLCOVENTRY CROYDONLONDONCITY LONDON EAST LONDONIWESTSTOKECOLLECTION GLOS.SOMERSET&WLTSVALUATION NORTHAMPTONSupportthecontinuationofsanctions untilthere i sanon-racialdemocracyin placel

ANTPARTHEID NEWS 0 SPTEMBER 11 13BrentCALLINGadl memhersi BrentAA is holding its 1991 AGM on Monday 16 September, 8pm at 13 SpeziaRd, NWS10 All national nsembes and iffi ated organsations ate invited to attend or semfrep-resettsle Aawell as___v n las yercmagns,the Natinnal Constittee and the Mov cnt' sG M i e eForemn fdta larioonithhneROMFORD NCUSENDS GREETINGS AND SUPPORT FOR ALL TRADE UNIONISTS IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THEIRSTRUGGLE AGAINSTAPARTHEIDSOU'lrAM]FrON rlNALGOsends solidarity greetings toCOSATU and alla1Trade Unions in the Struggle in South Africa.BristolOVyR 5 walkers tok pan . Brstol AA i's tenih saccs-e and successful -Soweto Walkon 1.6 June ,mpletiog ,iitrt around th e Mendps' villag of Priddy which was expeeed to raise over £2.300 with £400worth of goodssold on the stallAmongst the walkers were Dawn Pinnarola, MP for Bristol South, whomsedk2OltefomMPs.induding a handsome cheque fromNeflKinniock AlsoAaevedo Suez, a conmantiy Worker from theQuelimane District, central Moazambique, who will reta home shortly on completion of hissudies atSwanses University.It was Bristol revisited for Moya Makwanazi. A South Afrjcan student who travelled hor th lome Countiesto take part, he hal previously studied bl AAM'S fles il ata loea ollge for three yeam. intoy ISt) Despitethe rain everyone thoroughly enjoyed the day. The money raised wil be split three E e e ways between i, ANCdBristol AAM.

HARQW TEACHERS'ASSOCIATIONwish to express our total solidarity with the AntiApartheid Movement and as reaiers of the British tradeunion movement pledge to support your continuing commitment to the struggle for freedom in SouthAfricaiest waiker - Dews, Moya ad Aisveds - at tle tari st"OVER the last three months Exeter and District AA has been campaigning hard to spread the message that'Apartheid is Not Dead'. Each weekend group members have been out on the streets collecting signaturesand banding out credit card size 'pledge cards' containing a consumer boycott list which is ideal forusewhenshapping. The response to the campaign as been encouraging. So far they have collected nearly1000 signatures withasimlarnumberof pledge cards distributed.Cssppaigmaig for telease of South African political prisoners has been high on is agenda. n totall 354people signed letters to the British governmen, A vigland fastwere organised, involving the prospectrvetabour Pat candidate, leaderoftheCommy Council and a leading Liberal Councillor, whichgained extensivecoverage in the local media.Exeter's experience of determined stret campaigning has been a esounding success. As groupsecretarySteve Reicher coanmented, 'If it can be done'. Exeter, it can be done anywhere.'MachstrTRINlTY school wi be th venue for an event on 19 lctober eituded 'Make the Link Live Manchester, theNorth West and Narmimn, from1-5;pns, with food served from noon onwards.capinnbscfcson CiceI-( s the uNamibia with supprt from the Anglican Diocesan Link and N~amibia Support Group,Pontyprid4THE AA Group helda si'gl for pohtcailprisoners outhAfrica on 26 June at the local United Church Thesecre,1y, Carol O By-r-, gave a short address followed by a service of hymns and meditation The eveningended with the local lRed Choir singing Afrtcan freedom songs. More events ire planned over the cotmingmonths.In short* NOTTINGHAM AA is to send the proceeds of its Soweto sponsored walk in July to the EasternTransvaal regional committee of the ANC, to help defray the transport costs of its delegation to the ANCNational Conference.* OXFORD Cossty Counil has agreed to join Local Authorities Against Apartheid, following ondiscussion, involvigOxforaa the Bishop of Oxford, Clr Julia Brown and Adrew Smith MP.STOCKPORTNASUWTSEND SOLIDARITY GREETINGS TO ALL SOUTH AFRICAN TRADE UNIONISTS IN THEIRSTRUGGLE FOR FREEDOMThe industry and services union, Park House 64 - 66 Wandsworth Common North Side London SW18 2SHFREEPHONE 0800 289819MSFcals for one person one vote in a united, non-racial South Africa

14 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS I SEPTEMBER 1951Full Support for Fighters of ApartheidiJ Mrino TO'NilC-n-1 S FmidmtSuffolk CountyNALGOsendssolidarity greetings to an trade unionists In sbuge in South AfricaAngolans for Peace & ReconcilIationS"Y NOto Neo Colonf alfs-by proxes ofUIIreton'a Imperialism

CHAIR Clavarll.SmIth SECRETARY Simn sap NEC MEMBER Dave HattSOUlTHA4CHIesends soiderity greetings to all trade unionist-s in struggle in South AfricaSiRSFInland Reenu Staff FedertioBirmingham Taoxes and Cildoe sSENDSSOIDARITY GREETNIGSTO ALLTRADE UNIONISTSIN STRUGGLEIN SOUIH AFRICANORFOLKCOUNTYCOUNCIL NALGOGreetings to fellow trade un ts in South AfricaRemembering with pride and affection STAN SMITH a life-long fighter against apartheid'PEACE AND FREEDOM NOW'ALAN TU HN TONY CLARKEGeneral Seery r - Deputy General Secretary UCWtsoue, Crescent L-ne, Clapham, London SW4 9RN'STEP UP SOLIDARITY WITHSOUITH AFIRICAN4 TRADE UIONISRTS'1 Hanbury Road, Bristol BS9 3HHThe Members of WAVENEY CONSTITUENCY LABOUR PARTYin Suffolk Send greetings to all comrades working for the end of apartheidThe Members of NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE NORT CONSTrITUENCY LABOUR PARTYSENDYGREETINGS TO ALL COMRADES WORKING FOR THE END OF APARTHEIDTaxesof theInfland Revenue Staff Federation sends solidarity greetings to alt Trade Uionists in struggle in South AfricaTAMESIDE LOCALGOVERNMENT BRANCHNUPESend Good Wishes andSupport toTrade Unionists inSouth Africain their struggle againstapartheidR1,1CIPS SCOTIS uO EUVICE BtANCH PLEDGES SUPORT FORITE CONIINlIG STRUGGLE FORAORDER INSOT R11AMSr POErTSMOUTHr BRANCHSENDS RB SUPPORT IGREETINGSTOALL THOSE STRUGGLING FOR N ONRACIAL DEMOCRACY AND AN END TO THE EVILSOF APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICAMSFBIRMINGHAMNORTH BRANCHSend greetings to their brother and sister trade unionists in South Africa.An injury to one is an injury to all.NALGO,saysKEEPTHEPRESSURE

ON!Nlational & LocalGoenetOfficers Association NALGOGeneral Secretaty: Alan lrnkinsonM's Blackpool Branch sends greetings to all Trade Unionists InSouth Africa In their struggleagainst apartheidSLeeds AreaUTunion ofsupports the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the South African peoplein their struggle for freedom, justice and equalityThis fight must continue until every trace of apartheidis gone4

ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS iiekli;*B 1"1 16Black Sash by Kathryn Sprink, Methuen, 1991 £16.99Flawed history of the Black SashTHE Black Sash has come a long waysince it was founded in 1955 to pitest against the packing of thtytouthAfrican Seate by the National Party government The govenrinent was tyinog to push through a conotutionalamendmet which would remove Colouedversan the Cape from th'd mmo voters roll, But the w.men wioformed what was thet known as the Womea's Defence of the Constiturtion Lege'werdmotvated more byfear of encroaching Afrikaner dountion than by desire to protect the Coloured vote.Membership of the Black ssh, as it soon recame knowls, was not open to hlack wonen sih 1963. For someyears the oepnisionrsieduggestions thatitrcampaign forSothtAfica's acceson to the UN Declaration onHuman Rights euse this would have involved counirtent to the right to marry somene of a differt rare.But by 1989 Black Sash w.cen wee joinidg in the Mass lacirtl Movemenftsdefance caipaign and drnding onthe st1Is of SL George', Calhednd-l, Cape Ton their bannerdetUinut Forward to a United D ocratic South Africa' ' e yean between, theof advice centres for black w.et; moonitored the courts; wked in the Crossroads sqtter ramp; and carpaignedagainst mral removals and the dumpingofAfoicancommsuniies in the 'homelands'In the spirit of the ines, by the 1980s they were acting as facilitators and began to train black adviceWorkers to set up their own centres. Sash women worked withotherati-apartheid grosipuigs to set up theEnd Conscript on Campaign, to campaign against the death pnvatyand, aferriedeclartionofthescateofenmergencyin 1986, worked tirelessly in the Free the Children Campaign.But the huge advances f the liberation struggle in recentyears posed a politiral challengeto the Black Sashwhich itseemstohave beenunabletoresolve Shouldit go the last mile" and give its suppor ne Ivly to theMass Democratic Movement, or should it hold aloof as a human rights pressure group ready to crticise theithration movemaent as well as the South African government'The 1984 conference of the BlackSashdecided aier heated debate sot to affiliate to the UDF but instead to'seek full cooperatin wit... and parcipation in itn campaigns Iherever and whenever possible'. When theFedermon of South African Women was relaunched as 1987, the Black .e.h again decided againstaffiliation apparctly pardy onthegrounds that Fedsaw ws too closely aligned with the AINC.While many of the Black Sash's 2,000-plumn-ber havethrown In their lot wholeheartedly with the liberation struggle, others believe there is a middle ground inwhich the Sash can have a role as an impartial upholder of human rights. It is this latter group which seemsto have won the day.It was Sound to he difficult for an organisaun with the history and class and racial composition of the BlackSashto work out its role south Africa moves towards the abolition of apartheid and the creation of a non-racial democracy. But Kathryn Spink's discuson of the problem is unhelpful. She is at best ignorant ofSouth African politics, and at worst disingenurus. A former officer in the Metropolitan Police, she washriefed by General Hermnan tadler f the South African lice, and makes much of allegations of violence andintiaidation by the ANC.She refern to Swapo's failre to win a two-thirds majority in Namihia's cpdenceelecton as a warning to thosewithin the Black Sash who argue tat foe orgasisation should Suppor the ANC because it dearly has theafeIgaitncf69emaOrL1,outh Africans. The hook was writen before 'tIkathagate'

,She purports to he objective in her discussion of the Black Sash's role, bu.sympathiserwith those who seethemsselves as outside the sruggle and as the trmu if a igiterasombtyNATURAL FRIENDSThe -d agency If you seekohrsineeoleImportant concerns.pAAL FonReDSNATURAL FRIENDS (AA)l Beuryt Gardens Culfo But, St EduEAs Suffolks IP28,8EAistatm appreclated) TEL 0284-728315 -mFORWARD TOPEACE ANDDEMOCRACY SAY MSF EASTERN REGION BRANCHESBASILDON - I/GH CAMBRIDGE - WEH CHELMSFOBD - 09 CHELMSFORD -CENTRAL GTYARMOUTH 0872HABLOW - 25/GHiIPSWICH & DISTRICTAFRICAN BOOKSWanted for sale Catalogue available, All bots quoted or. Rang Mike Ke thum 071 241-0574 or wite 44aBrighton Road, London, Nf6mU____________ 'a4DsightdigR's nsew slasght series provides an exciting, controversial contribution to analysis of key issues fiat theSouthern Africa region. First title in the series will be published in SeptemberSouth Africa In the Rogie: A PostlAlpieeid Future by Rob DaviesA timely assessment of the basis and prospectas for coopera tion between a post-apartheid South Africa andthe ten countries of the Southern Africa region. 20pp (spprx) 2D0 SN 185287085 0iberato Mnvesmeat and eyond: Challaua *ANC by Yunna CarrimNegotiations mean challenge and change for the ANC. Can the liberatlon movenmentjorm anorganisntinna, democratic structure to respond to the aspirations of the deprived black majority?(2rap(Oi) U00 ISBN I 85287889COMMENTAn le: Thf PtisgearsCIIR's new Comment examines the internal and extermal causes of Angola's 30 year conflict. It outdinesthetroubled path to negotiations and assesses prospects for lasting peace Augst 1991 28pp 1,00 ISBN 1&52870729SPECAL OFFERAnAppiieo for Poer. &ddziefu'shaatodSdAna Abtt by Gerhard Mare and Georgina Hamilton This importantanalysis of (ilef Buthelezi and the Inktha movement anticipated many of the revelations coming out ofSouth Africa todayrst piltaied 1987 261 pp phtos index ISBN 1 85287 003 6 Usual price: F9,95 Special price to AntiApadheidNeseaders: E1.00All es availlable fr. CIlR, Unit 3, CaintnhuYard,1 9la New North Road LononN1 . . 73.J Tel: 0713548 083 Fgi 071 398017Please quoeref AMN on all orders.A Ferry - General SecretryNASUWTTHE C~r mctim'The National Association of Schoolmasters and Union of Womn Teachers salutes all teachers ands inSouth Africa engaged inthe cam for a democratic regime.We reaffirm our support for the AntiApartheid Movement.We applaud and support COSATU's resistance to the Labour Relations Act.The NASUWT calls on the government of South Africa to introduce democratic government.THE CONFEDERATION OFSHIPBUILDING AND ENGINEERING UNIONS

Boycott ApartheidFraternal Greetings to all those workingfor Freedom in South AfricaC Kelly - President

16ATAA±E M t N5SSat 28 Septemlber BOYCOT APARTHEIDACTION vs ARGOSM~on 30 September A1FRNGEAT LABOUR PARTYCONFERENCE5.30pm Brighlthelgn Community Centre, BrightonTbeeday 8 October AAM PRINCE hIBETING CONSERVATIVE PARTYCONFEENE5,45pm Hollies Hotel, 88-90 Albert Rd, BlackpoolSa* ±2 October VOTE FOR DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH AFRICA! AA Local Groups and LoclAuthortieAainst ApartheidSet 16 NovemberBWOCOTSI4ELL!Day of Action for 011 embargoSet 30 November AAM AGM LONDONMon 16 December SOUTH AFRICAN IHEROES' DAY3Qth anniversary of Umkhonto we Sizwe, ANC armed wingr17it past wo msootha have~t myordelevel9pmets mnSouth Africa whlich have slgnificantly increased thepropeera for a successful ourcome of the 'peace Procss n-ounder way.Of gralog riportace, tANCsNational Confrene-it fiston SoutdiAfricturt il since it was bawrsd in 1960 -ensblhit lto elecr a n-wleadershlp and tu mp out the way forwardi.f=rsceeindite Inpacrt, d. p-~ sfco.vert fanrg Qf Inkatha and of ani-S-epo pariles,anidof the wpcurly forces'covet nain in funtentlpg s-Ialed Ihlack-lhack' violenice, have dra=ntirally affected the credility of the DeKlerk reorne hoth withas South Ahnriand inteniortaly.Tlak~ntoigether, ianse dee relhhaveaented a ~uh finner basis for our canpaig.ing work in Baritai. 'The veryenar .-gsse to esnesse front the ANC National Confrece was the inrporranc the ANC artarhes to ongoinginternational soljdarity - in partirular the nied to mairaiternational prnssurn inlýdiog -nat-,iThe Inskathagae'scandalhbas made it nuchecasier to approach the public and coasvince them) that De Klerk~anot be eusrted with rranaforrping South Afirica ioto a rinmocratc society and that we hav e tocosatu leaders' &WThis impossant trial of the gepral secrtny of Ccosaro and others tools place in jaly (seregeot page 121l, Abriefing hashbeen prepanaldwhich isavalahle from our rrade uninnetRichadelbyA special etition hras heeaprepared fce the LI.C Congress, whicls we ho.pe vill he signed by all delegates.H ~ne str*JesWVe ouldlike toexp: who loined inthe can~md mnrhedin0 MSA4M a party comerencesI1fun0AAM AGM on 30 NovembeFriday 13 SeptemiberThie most groreque of all the esp~~arie of the Inkatagate scandal is the evidence ISr,,vided hy at forsmer5.41F sergeat, who was orgisisally ahducted fr..s Moambiqueý irV1982, thati w sas ce.he. of the FiveReccimaissanice Regimnt hohrnirtdered 26 tra cornnurers on 13 Septemher last year. As repisned on thefront page, this attack was calcuiatedsto foineor 'socaled black-nblack violenice. sinace the SADF mrdletaquad digised thenseive as Illenha SuppOrters.For the first artniveraty of this atrocity, we are planainganutionwideleafletingofoainraationsduriig therushhours(scesaropleleafleterndosed>sothatwe can teach the connten cfflritain and tellthemhow the apartheidregis-t deilhertely rnaidet ha~1r consasus outhi Africa. i, aOr local anti-apartheid groaps have all been

briefed san the camrparga, twhih asoe has the supporrt of the maln ral unions. If you can heip lestert on13Septenher, contact your local AA group, or pbone MandelaSetothaitwc=ngerleafitaroyou.Flease heip asIItournasg, ~roma efil-I-lYo tbexlaynsuiaons ",umnat wtai ne ca ea possiblc,,anaedtcstssaim F~r~k I Nmsgm~ ,ANC coofeesse poeter auctionThe rets of sase of the key speeches and of the resolutions of the ANSC cssference are available frontMandelå Stree. Wc also have ten ofly posters -Ove of the, onfe--r, and fve frost the hrrge tally ~ilc followedit,The-e attraerite .nd tate soavenirsof the Isisroric evetare brang auctioned tratsr oncy fortrcoe forDenroeracy' caipaign 'lida' in the fotrn of a donation ro the IsAM should ha sent, sealed, to: Stan Bakewell,ANC posters, 13 Mandiela St, London NI ODW. All bids' re,ssived hy 5pni oas Mnday 30 September wlllha opened at the samse tinse, and the top tive bidders will receive tro posters, or of each kind ln the event ofa tie, a rosa of the con will dcldeid.The AAM office at 13 Mandela St, London NW1, is normnalty open to callers as foIt0s: Monday to Friday1.OOpm5.3Opm. If you wish to see a specific member of staff, please 'phone 071-387 7966 to make anappointment.TO JOIN THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT SEL PAGE 2