The New State

Unit 3, Lesson 1

Statehood for Ohio• More and more settlers moved to the

Ohio Territory– Census official population count– Showed more than 45,000 people were

living in the area in 1800• How many people would it need to

become a state? State the policy that included this.

New Constitutions• 1787 Constitution of the USA

created– Constitution a written plan for

government– Replaced the Articles of Confederation,

the first plan for government• A state needed its own constitution

besides having a population of 60,000 people.

New Constitutions• November 1802 Chillicothe– Settlers gathered to write Ohio’s

constitution.– Approved by Congress

• March 1, 1803 Ohio became the 17th state.

New Constitutions• Edward Tiffin– First governor– Took office in Chillicothe, the state’s first

capital• Two other cities served as Ohio’s

capital– Zanesville 1810-1812– Columbus 1816-present

Tecumseh Fights On• The US had gained large areas of

land from treaties with Native Americans

• How do you think the Native Americans felt about these treaties? Why did they feel this way?

Tecumseh Fights On• Many Native Americans did not believe

these treaties were fair.• 2 Shawnee leaders: Tecumseh,

Tenskwatawa– They hoped to unite all Native Americans

against the settlers.– Tecumseh = good speaker

• Urged tribes to form a confederation• Confederation a large group made of smaller

groups that work together for the same goals

Prophetstown and Tippecanoe

• 1808 Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa built Prophetstown– Village near the Tippecanoe River in

what was called the Indiana Territory–Wanted this Prophetstown to be the

capital of the confederation tribes

Prophetstown and Tippecanoe

• William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory, met with Tecumseh.–Wanted Tecumseh to follow the earlier

treaties• Tecumseh reply: “Settlers have no

right to take the land from the Indians, because the Indians had it first.”

• The men could not agree.

Prophetstown and Tippecanoe

• November 1811 Harrison led a group of soldiers toward Prophetstown.– Tecumseh was not there because he was

trying to win support from southern tribes.– Harrison’s soldiers fought the Native

Americans for two hours Battle of Tippecanoe

– Native Americans were defeated and Prophetstown was destroyed.

The War of 1812• British weapons were found in

Prophetstown after the Battle of Tippecanoe.

• What did this prove?

The War of 1812• The British had been helping Native

Americans fight settlers• At the same time, British ships were

attacking American trading ships• The US declared War on Britain in

June 1812.

Battles on Land and Sea• The war lasted for more than 2 years.• May and July 1813 British soldiers and

their Native American allies attacked Fort Meigs (near present-day Perrysburg, Ohio)– Both attempts failed

• Later that year, Americans, under the command of Oliver Hazard Perry, defeated a British force on Lake Erie– Why would the people who lived in Ohio be

pleased with Perry’s success on Lake Erie?

Battles on Land and Sea• Battle of Thames Harrison led soldiers;

fought near the Thames river in Canada– Tecumseh killed during battle

• 1814 The United States won the war• As a result…– Britain lost its strength in the USA– Tecumseh’s death caused the Native American

confederation to fall apart

– Battle of Thames

Ohio Grows• By 1815, most Native Americans in

Ohio had lost their lands• Sent to reservations land set aside

by the government for use by the Native Americans

Ohio Grows• Americans continued migrating to

Ohio and other western lands–Migration the movement of people

from one place to live in another place• Immigrants (settlers from other

countries) also came to Ohio in large numbers– How would you define immigration?

Ohio Grows• Immigration the movement of people from

one country to live in another• Most of the immigrants came from Germany

and Ireland– Germans settled in Cincinnati, Fort Loramie,

Lancaster, and Zoar– Irish settled in Cleveland and central Ohio

• Reasons for immigrating:– German Zoar – religious freedom; others to

escape hardships– Irish potato famine

Canals, Roads, and Railroads

• 1830 a million people lived in Ohio• The state needed better ways to

move goods and people– Ohio legislature passed laws to build

new canals, roads, and railroads

Canals, Roads, and Railroads

• Canal a waterway made by people that connects two bodies of water

• Ohio’s canals helped its farmers ship goods to more places– Open by 1845

• The Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal made it easier for people to travel and move goods between Lake Erie and the Ohio River– For cities along Lake Erie, the Erie Canal provided a water

route to New York City and the Atlantic Ocean.

– The Erie Canal

Canals

Canals, Roads, and Railroads

• Roads were used for travel–Most were rough and muddy

• 1815 smoother and more level road started in Cumberland, Maryland– The National Road – Ohio through Illinois

The National Road

Canals, Roads, and Railroads

• 1836 Erie and Kalamazoo Rail Road opened– Connected Ohio to Michigan

• By 1850s, railroad tracks crossed the entire state– Many immigrants found work building the new

canals, roads, and railroads.• How did new transportation change Ohio?• How would better transportation help

farmers?

Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad