The NewThe New England England RenRenaissaissanceance1800-18601800-1860

Gothic FictionGothic FictionRomanticismRomanticism

TranscendentalismTranscendentalismIndividualismIndividualism

Gothic Fiction – POE!Gothic Fiction – POE!

MysteryMystery SuspenseSuspense HorrorHorror SymbolismSymbolism Edgar Allan Poe – Father of the Short StoryEdgar Allan Poe – Father of the Short Story

1809 birth in Boston, mother died in 1811, taken in by Allan family.1809 birth in Boston, mother died in 1811, taken in by Allan family. 1836 married first cousin, Virginia Clemm, who died five years after a 1836 married first cousin, Virginia Clemm, who died five years after a

blood vessel bursting in 1842. Last five years remained an invalid.blood vessel bursting in 1842. Last five years remained an invalid. ““Annabel Lee” addressed to Virginia from Poe.Annabel Lee” addressed to Virginia from Poe. Attempted suicide in 1848, had problems with depression, alcohol, and Attempted suicide in 1848, had problems with depression, alcohol, and

drugs.drugs. Found in a delirious condition October 7, 1849 in Baltimore gutter.Found in a delirious condition October 7, 1849 in Baltimore gutter. He had disappeared for three days after a birthday party, he was on his way He had disappeared for three days after a birthday party, he was on his way

to see his new fiancee in Richmond.to see his new fiancee in Richmond.

““The Raven”, The Raven”, Pit and the Pendulum,Pit and the Pendulum, The Tell Tale Heart,The Tell Tale Heart, “Annabel Lee”. “Annabel Lee”.

Emily Dickinson – Puritan/GothicEmily Dickinson – Puritan/Gothic

Born 1830 and died in 1886 in Amherst, Massachusetts.Born 1830 and died in 1886 in Amherst, Massachusetts. Represented a Puritan life belief systems while writings carry Gothic Represented a Puritan life belief systems while writings carry Gothic

themes.themes. Reclusion and limited social interaction carries into writings.Reclusion and limited social interaction carries into writings. Solitude, elements of nature, individual beliefs surface.Solitude, elements of nature, individual beliefs surface. Shakespeare, Emerson, Tennyson, Keats all sources of inspiration.Shakespeare, Emerson, Tennyson, Keats all sources of inspiration.

““This is my letter to the World”This is my letter to the World” ““The Soul selects her own Society”The Soul selects her own Society” ““There’s a certain Slant of light-”There’s a certain Slant of light-” ““I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-”I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-”

**Interrupted thoughts, phrases, descriptions.Interrupted thoughts, phrases, descriptions. ““Much Madness is the divinest Sense-”Much Madness is the divinest Sense-” ““Because I could not stop for Death”Because I could not stop for Death”

Extended metaphor –One things represented as another throughout a whole piece. Extended metaphor –One things represented as another throughout a whole piece. (Carriage-death/a body).(Carriage-death/a body).

Nathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864 1804-1864

Puritan Criticism/Gothic Traces….Puritan Criticism/Gothic Traces…. Symbolism, allusion, psychology, Puritan traits.Symbolism, allusion, psychology, Puritan traits. Traits of Gothic, Puritanism criticism, fantasy.Traits of Gothic, Puritanism criticism, fantasy. Ancestors tied to Salem Witch Trials and Quaker Persecution.Ancestors tied to Salem Witch Trials and Quaker Persecution. Moved to Ralph Waldo Emerson’s home in 1842 with wife.Moved to Ralph Waldo Emerson’s home in 1842 with wife. Showed continued development of the modern short story.Showed continued development of the modern short story. Scarlet Letter, Scarlet Letter, “Rappaccini’s Daughter”, “Rappaccini’s Daughter”, The House of Seven The House of Seven

Gables,Gables, The Blithedale RomanceThe Blithedale Romance, , The Marble Faun.The Marble Faun.

Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882 &&

Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862Pioneers of Transcendentalism and IndividualismPioneers of Transcendentalism and Individualism

Transcendentalism Transcendentalism Spiritual connection between nature and people.Spiritual connection between nature and people. The soul of individuals resembled the microcosm of the world, a unity of God The soul of individuals resembled the microcosm of the world, a unity of God

and the world existed.and the world existed. ““Over-soul” – belief if you pay attention to feelings and inner thoughts, Over-soul” – belief if you pay attention to feelings and inner thoughts,

individuals would be able to glimpse the spirit that makes up the universe.individuals would be able to glimpse the spirit that makes up the universe. IndividualismIndividualism

Connection of the individual soul with God.Connection of the individual soul with God. Strong beliefs in personal intuition and flexibility in religion.Strong beliefs in personal intuition and flexibility in religion.

EmersonEmerson Thoreau Thoreau ““Self-Reliance”Self-Reliance” WaldenWalden““The Rhodora”The Rhodora” Merrimack RiversMerrimack RiversNatureNature (Popularized editorials) “Civil Disobedience” (Popularized editorials) “Civil Disobedience”The DialThe Dial A Plea for Captain John BrownA Plea for Captain John Brown

The Romantics/Fire Side PoetsThe Romantics/Fire Side Poets

RomanticismRomanticism Objectivity and Power of Reason to discover the laws of the universe and in Objectivity and Power of Reason to discover the laws of the universe and in

nature.nature. In nature were truths of social and human laws.In nature were truths of social and human laws.

William Cullen BryantWilliam Cullen Bryant 1794-18781794-1878 ““Thanatopsis” (View and thoughts on death”)Thanatopsis” (View and thoughts on death”) Translated Translated The OdysseyThe Odyssey and and The IliadThe Iliad by Homer. by Homer. Helped get Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Jackson elected.Helped get Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Jackson elected.

Oliver Wendell HolmesOliver Wendell Holmes 1809-18941809-1894 ““The Chambered Nautilus”The Chambered Nautilus” Most famous after-dinner speak of the time.Most famous after-dinner speak of the time.

Henry Wadsworth LongfellowHenry Wadsworth Longfellow 1807-18821807-1882 ““The Village Blacksmith”The Village Blacksmith” Poems embodied the New England philosophy of life.Poems embodied the New England philosophy of life.

Additional Contributions to The New England Renaissance Additional Contributions to The New England Renaissance 1800-18601800-1860

Louisa May Alcott 1832-1888Louisa May Alcott 1832-1888 Studied under Emerson and Thoreau.Studied under Emerson and Thoreau. Little WomenLittle Women series. series. True autobiographical account in “Transcendental Wild Oats”.True autobiographical account in “Transcendental Wild Oats”. Active supporter of women’s suffrage, reform movements.Active supporter of women’s suffrage, reform movements.

James Russel Lowel James Russel Lowel 1819-18911819-1891 Supporter of women’s right and abolitionist.Supporter of women’s right and abolitionist. Editor of Editor of The Atlantic Monthly The Atlantic Monthly and and North American Review, & Bigelow Papers North American Review, & Bigelow Papers

writer.writer. Major influences as a critic and editor for union causes of Civil War.Major influences as a critic and editor for union causes of Civil War.

Herman MelvilleHerman Melville 1819-18911819-1891 Moby DickMoby Dick

Themes of nature with good, evil, and reality, romantic qualities & Themes of nature with good, evil, and reality, romantic qualities & adventure.adventure.

Preceded qualities seen in Preceded qualities seen in Call of the Wild Call of the Wild author.author.

Additional Authors (Continued)Additional Authors (Continued) James Fenimore CooperJames Fenimore Cooper 1791-18511791-1851

The DeerslayerThe Deerslayer Last of the MohicansLast of the Mohicans The PathfinderThe Pathfinder The PioneersThe Pioneers The PrairieThe Prairie

Washington IrvingWashington Irving ““Diedrich Knickerbocker” and Geoffrey Crayon pseudonames.Diedrich Knickerbocker” and Geoffrey Crayon pseudonames.

LYCEUM MOVMENT – Institutions that offered debates, lectures, entertainment LYCEUM MOVMENT – Institutions that offered debates, lectures, entertainment in large halls.in large halls.

The Arts and New England The Arts and New England RenaissanceRenaissance

Art focused on early, then as the age commenced towards Art focused on early, then as the age commenced towards Transcendentalism, art was found in nature.Transcendentalism, art was found in nature.

John Singleton Copley, Asher Durand, John Neagle, Giovanni Battista John Singleton Copley, Asher Durand, John Neagle, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Antonio Frasconi, Edouard Manet, Guido Reni, Sandro Piranesi, Antonio Frasconi, Edouard Manet, Guido Reni, Sandro Botticelli.Botticelli.