912 F. General 0LR(1980)27(12)

vironmental and Societal Impacts Group, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo., U.S.A.

80:6206 Left, David, 1980. Engineering mirrors life (and

vice versa). Mosaic, 11(3): 16-26.

'Wet' and 'dry' sciences are both benefiting from biofluidmechanics research, whose impetus arises from the adage that 'nature is truly the mother of invention.' Studies of how fish swim (Gray's paradox) and of the mechanisms of micro- organism movements in a fluid (Reynolds number) have direct relevance for ship design; similarly, investigations of fluid flow, transport and perme- ability find numerous biomedical applications. (izs)

80:6207 Linden, Olof and Arne Jernelov, 1980. The

m a n g r o v e swamp: an eeosystem in dan~er. Ambio, 9(2): 81-88.

The mangrove ecosystem is described. Important for the preservation of fish and shellfish and for the protection of coastal lowlands, mangroves are threatened by pollution, cutting, and land reclamation because of the rapid expansion of coastal cities which has accompanied rising pop- ulation in tropical countries. Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Institute (IVL), Studsvik, S-611 82 Nykoping, Sweden. (hbf)

80:6208 Mottl, M. J., 1980. Submarine hydro~'mal ore

deposits. Oceanus, 23(2): 18-27. Chemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A.

80:6209 Seaborg, G. T., 1980. The new elements. Am.

Scient., 68(3): 279-289.

The history of the discovery of the known chemical elements and the evolution of the periodic table are reviewed. Fourteen 'new' transuranium elements have been synthesized and identified in the last forty years. The most likely synthesis of 'super heavy elements' will probably be 'those at the island of stability located near Z = 114 and N = 184.' Numerous unsuccessful attempts have been made to synthesize these elements; new efforts using deep inelastic scattering or higher intensity heavy ion beams may hold the key to their dis- covery. University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif. 94720, U.S.A. (hbf)

80:6210 Steele, J. H., 1980. Pat terns in plankton.

Oceanus, 23(2): 2-8. Woods Hole Oceano-

graphic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A.

80:6211 Tamm, Sidney, 1980. Cilia and ctenophores.

Oceanus, 23(2): 50-59. BUMP, Mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A.

80:6212 Toon, O. B. and J. B. Pollack, 1980. Atmospher ic

aerosols and climate. Am. Scient., 68(3): 268- 278.

'One out of four photons of visible light vertically traversing a typical urban atmosphere encounters an aerosol before reaching the ground.' In this over- view, types and optical properties of aerosols are outlined and then discussed in terms of their theoretical impact on the Earth's radiation budget and climate, with particular emphasis on anthropogenic aerosols. The two key questions re- main moot: on balance, are aerosols warming or cooling the Earth; and, is the effect climatological- ly significant? Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, U.S.A. (fcs)

80:6213 Young, Patrick, 1980. The Ear th ' s fountains of

fire. Mosaic, 11(3): 2-9.

An overview of the hotspot hypothesis is presented, from its proposal by J. Tuzo Wilson in 1963 to its revival by W. Jason Morgan eight years later. In- voked to explain the existence of volcanoes far from any plate boundary, the thesis remains controver- sial, 'ill-defined and largely descriptive in nature.' Questions requiring answers include: Exactly, what is a hotspot? How many are there? What is the mechanism responsible for lithospheric thin- ning at hotspots? (izs)

22. Miscel laneous

80:6214 Sorensen, J. H., 1980. Ear thquake prediction: a

soc ioeconomic view. Issues Engng, Am. Soc. cir. Engrs, 106(E13): 257-263.

The nature of issues surrounding earthquake pre- diction is discussed based on a three-year study of socioeconomic implications. An attempt is made to identify areas requiring closer technical study as earthquake prediction will result in public demand for information concerning the safety of structures, potential damages, and methods to reduce or avoid damages. Department of Geography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. (kmk)