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The Nervous System
The Nervous SystemA Brief Overview!A Brief Overview!
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What you will understand at the end of this lecture:What you will understand at the end of this lecture: Functions of the nervous system Divisions of the nervous system Parts of the nervous system Nerve cell (neuron) structure How a message travels throughout your
body
Functions of the nervous system Divisions of the nervous system Parts of the nervous system Nerve cell (neuron) structure How a message travels throughout your
body
Communication! Receive info Process info Respond to info Maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis: the process of maintaining the balance inside your body, regardless of your external environment (ex. Maintaining a normal temperature)
Communication! Receive info Process info Respond to info Maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis: the process of maintaining the balance inside your body, regardless of your external environment (ex. Maintaining a normal temperature)
Nervous System FunctionsNervous System Functions
Nervous System FunctionsNervous System Functions
Thinking Feeling Moving Tasting Seeing Hearing Talking Smelling Touching
Thinking Feeling Moving Tasting Seeing Hearing Talking Smelling Touching
Function #1: Receiving Info
Function #1: Receiving Info
Nervous System receives info from INSIDE and OUTSIDE your body
Helps you be AWARE of your surroundings
Keeps internal body conditions in check (normal) ex. Blood sugar level, heart rate, temperature
Nervous System receives info from INSIDE and OUTSIDE your body
Helps you be AWARE of your surroundings
Keeps internal body conditions in check (normal) ex. Blood sugar level, heart rate, temperature
Function #2: Responding to Info
Function #2: Responding to Info
STIMULUS: signal that triggers nervous system to react Ex. Mosquito buzzing, phone ringing, ball flying
toward your face
NS responds to stimulus RESPONSE: what your nervous system tells
your body to do to react to the stimulus Ex. You hit mosquito, you answer phone, you
catch the ball
STIMULUS: signal that triggers nervous system to react Ex. Mosquito buzzing, phone ringing, ball flying
toward your face
NS responds to stimulus RESPONSE: what your nervous system tells
your body to do to react to the stimulus Ex. You hit mosquito, you answer phone, you
catch the ball
Divisions of the Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
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Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord Brain: controls
body’s functions Spinal cord:
connects brain to nerves of peripheral nervous system to relay messages
Brain and spinal cord Brain: controls
body’s functions Spinal cord:
connects brain to nerves of peripheral nervous system to relay messages
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System Controls VOLUTARY
actions
Somatic Nervous System Controls VOLUTARY
actions
Autonomic Nervous system Controls tasks you
do not think about Breathing, heart rate,
body temp.
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Autonomic Nervous system Controls tasks you
do not think about Breathing, heart rate,
body temp.
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Divided into Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/rezmeth/anatomy.htm
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Fight or flight
Calm-ingEnergyConser-vation
http://www.drstandley.com/images/nervous5.bmp
Nervous System Organization
Nervous System Organization
http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/class/Psy301/Salinas/sec2/Brain/transparencies03.html
OrganizationOrganization
Cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems
Nerve cell --> nerves --> brain --> central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Nerve - bundle of nerve cells held together by connective tissue
Cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems
Nerve cell --> nerves --> brain --> central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Nerve - bundle of nerve cells held together by connective tissue
Neuron StructureNeuron Structure
Specifically designed to carry messages Main parts: Dendrites, cell body, axon,
axon tip
Specifically designed to carry messages Main parts: Dendrites, cell body, axon,
axon tip
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Neuron StructureNeuron Structure
Dendrites: receives incoming stimulus, sends message to cell body
Cell body: contains organelles, passes message to axon
Axon: carries message (impulse) awas from the cell body towards the next neuron’s dendrites
Axon tip: end of axon, message reaches here and jumps to next neuron’s dendrites
Dendrites: receives incoming stimulus, sends message to cell body
Cell body: contains organelles, passes message to axon
Axon: carries message (impulse) awas from the cell body towards the next neuron’s dendrites
Axon tip: end of axon, message reaches here and jumps to next neuron’s dendrites
Neuron to Neuron: Passing the message along
Neuron to Neuron: Passing the message along
http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/images/publications/books/sprenger1999_fig1.2.gif
Neuron to Neuron: Passing the message along
Neuron to Neuron: Passing the message along
http://psych.hanover.edu/krantz/neurotut.html
Neuron TypesNeuron Types
Sensory neuron: senses stimulus, changes it into an impulse
Interneuron: passes impulse from neuron to neuron
Motor neuron: sends impulse to muscle or gland or part of body that needs to respond to stimulus
Sensory neuron: senses stimulus, changes it into an impulse
Interneuron: passes impulse from neuron to neuron
Motor neuron: sends impulse to muscle or gland or part of body that needs to respond to stimulus
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Neurons (SEM picture)Neurons (SEM picture)
Nerve Impulse (Message)Nerve Impulse (Message)
Travels from dendrites --> cell body --> axon --> axon tips --> jumps synapse (space between 2 neurons) --> dendrites --> cell body --> axon --> axon tips
Impulses can travel 120 m/s Impulses travel across synapse either
as an electrical signal or a chemical signal
Travels from dendrites --> cell body --> axon --> axon tips --> jumps synapse (space between 2 neurons) --> dendrites --> cell body --> axon --> axon tips
Impulses can travel 120 m/s Impulses travel across synapse either
as an electrical signal or a chemical signal
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![The Nervous System. Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System [CNS] = Spinal Cord Brain Peripheral Nervous System [PNS]= Spinal Nerves](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/56649d6c5503460f94a4c71d/the-nervous-system-divisions-of-the-nervous-system-central-nervous-system.jpg)
