Chapter 3, Lesson 4

Job: Carries messages to and from the brain, spinal cord, and all other parts of the body Tells the body how to respond to its

environment.

Divided into two parts: Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous System: Made up of the

brain and spinal cord.▪ Brain: center for

thinking ▪ Spinal cord: Thick

band of nerve cells that runs through the backbone.

Peripheral Nervous System: Made up of all the

nerves that branch out from the spinal cord to the muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands.▪ 12 Nerves branch out

from the brain▪ 31 branch out from

the spinal cord

1. The brain receives sensory messages, interprets them, and sends responses.

2. 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves connect directly to the brain. They control the senses and then muscles in the head and neck.

3. The Spinal Cord is made up of highly organized nerve tissue.

4. Spinal nerves branch off from the spinal cord and connect the brain and the spinal cord with specific muscles and organs.

Men’s brains, on average, are smaller than women’s.

Tru

e

Fal

se

50%50%1. True2. False

Many people are familiar with déjà vu-the feeling that something has already been experienced. What is the name for the opposite of déjà vu- the feeling that something is new even when its not?

25%

25%25%

25%

Jamais vu Deja vecu Deja Senti Presque vu

1. Jamais vu2. Deja vecu3. Deja Senti4. Presque vu

0

30

Which of the following objects famously pierced a man’s brain in 1848 without killing him?

25%

25%

25%

25% 1. A metal rod.

2. A wooden stake

3. A horseshoe

4. A pickax

:10

0of30

Approximately how many women who live to at least 55 will go on to develop Alzheimer’s disease, a disorder that causes severe memory loss?

1 in

6

1 in

12

1 in

24

1 in

48

25% 25%25%25%

1. 1 in 62. 1 in 123. 1 in 244. 1 in 48

100 of 30

True or False? We use only 10 percent of our brains.

50%50%

True False

1. True2. False

0 of 301010

A person unable to recognize the melody for the song “Happy Birthday” is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

25%

25%25%

25%

Aphasia Amusia

Lyssavirus Munchausen Syndrome

1. Aphasia2. Amusia3. Lyssavirus4. Munchausen

Syndrome

0 of 30

10

Which of the following is a gene thought to play an important role in brain development?

25%

25%

25%

25%

1. Sonic Hedgehog

2. Snoopy

3. Mario

4. None of the above

:100 of 30

If an adult man’s brain is giving off mainly alpha waves, he is most likely:

25%

25%25%

25%

Fast asleep Awake and ...

Awake and ... Unconscious

0of30

1. Fast asleep2. Awake and

resting3. Awake and

nervous4. Unconscious

10

Albert Einstein’s brain was _____ the average adult male brain.

Slig

htly b

igge

r than

The

sam

e si

ze a

s

Slig

htly s

mal

ler t

han

33% 33%33%1. Slightly bigger than

2. The same size as

3. Slightly smaller than

0

0

30

:10

True or false? If you cut into a person’s brain while they are awake, they will feel pain.

50%

50%1. True

2. False

0 of 3010

The brain is a mass of nervous tissue with three major parts. Cerebrum: Controls the senses, thought,

speech, and voluntary actions. Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle activity. Brain Stem: Connects the brain to the

spinal cord.▪ Medulla: Controls involuntary actions, like

breathing.

1. What part of the brain helps a gymnast maintain balance while doing a routine?

1. Which part of the brain are you using to answer this question?

2. Which part keeps you alive? What does it do?

1. Cerebellum

2. Cerebrum; because it controls thinking and muscle movement

3. The medulla; it controls breathing and heart rate.

Our brain can “play tricks on us.” http://

www.brainbashers.com/opticalillusions.asp

Left Brain Functions: * Uses logic * Detail oriented * Facts rule* Words and language* Present and past* Math and science* Comprehension* Knowing* Acknowledges* Order/pattern perception* Knows object name* Reality based* Forms strategies* Practical* Safe

Right Brain Functions: * Uses feeling * “Big picture” oriented * Imagination rules* Symbols and images* Present and future* Philosophy and religion* Gets the “meaning”* Believes* Appreciates* Spatial perception* Knows object function* Fantasy based* Presents possibilities* Impetuous* Risk taking

http://multiple-sclerosis.emedtv.com/multiple-sclerosis-video/the-nervous-system.html

Neurons are a single nerve cell. Sensory neurons

carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain.

Motor neurons carry messages from the brain and spinal cord and tell your muscles and glands what to do.

Spinal Cord Injuries: http://

www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/sciprevention.htm

Damage to the head, neck, or body can injure the spinal cord.

Severe weakness, loss of sensation, or paralysis can result.

Head Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/tbi.htm

Violent blow to the head can permanently damage brain tissue, nerves, and blood vessels surrounding the brain.

Cerebral Palsy: Might be caused by:▪ A head injury▪ A defect or injury to the brain before or during

childbirth▪ Lead poisoning▪ Unintentional injury

Effects range from mild weakness in the arms and legs to lack of muscle coordination, speech impairment, and paralysis

Cerebral Palsy:

Picture from: http://www.thespasticcentre.org.au/about_cp/what_is_cp.htm

Meningitis: Infection of the membranes the cover

the brain and spinal cord Symptoms include fever, headache, and

vomiting

Picture from: http://www.hipusa.com/webmd/encyclopedia/meningitis/index4.html

Epilepsy: Marked by seizures ▪ Seizures: short periods of uncontrollable

muscle activity May be caused by a small area of brain

damage

http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3004?print=true

http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3006

1. Get plenty of sleep and rest.2. Avoid alcohol and other drugs.3. Use a seat belt when riding in a car.4. Wear a helmet for sports.5. Follow safety rules.