The Muslim World Expands (1300 to 1700) Background Muhammad starts religion of Islam about 600 A.D. Background Islam spreads to Holy Land, Africa and Spain, where they are called Moors. Christians under Charles Martel stop Islams entry into Europe at Battle of Tours in France, 732 A.D. Background Crusades: Christians try to retake Holy Land from Muslims, 1100 to 1300 A.D. Islam in Africa Ibn Battuta: World traveler. In 1300s, spent 30 years and traveled 75,000 miles, more than Marco Polo! Islam in Africa Mansa Musa: Muslim Emperor of Mali in Africa. On 1324 Haj (Pilgrimage) to Mecca, took 60,000 servants, 12,000 slaves, 80 camels, each laden with 50- to 300 pounds of gold! Four Muslim Empires 1.Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 2.Timur the Lames Empire (Asia) 3.Safavid Empire (Persia) 4.Mughal Empire (India) Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 1.Started by Osman. 2.Later rulers called themselves sultans (overlords) : Ottomans conquered Constantinople Janissaries Ottoman Empire (Turkey) 1.Greatest Ottoman ruler: Suleyman (the Lawgiver; the Magnificent): 1520 to 1566 Timur the Lames Empire (Asia) Last Mongol leader (line of Genghis Khan). Conquered Afghanistan, Persia, India, Syria. Died, age 70, as he prepared to attack China Genocide: Killing entire groups of people 1387: Killed 70,000 in Persian city of Isfahan 1398: Killed 100,000 in Delhi in India 1400: Buried 4,000 Armenian prisoners alive Timur the Lames Empire (Asia) Killed 20,000 in Baghdad, ordered each soldier to return with 2 skulls. In Syria, killed 100,000 and built two pyramids of skulls around Damascus and Aleppo. Safavid Empire (Persia) Safavids were Shiite Muslims. Ottomans were Sunni Muslims. Rulers were called Shah Golden Age: Under Shah Abbas the Great (1587). Creates new capital city, Esfahan. Safavid Empire (Persia) Cultural blending: Language- Racial/Ethnic blending (marriage Religion- Art, architecture, food Causes: Migration, conquest, trade, religious conversion Mughal Empire (India) In 1494, 11-year-old boy, Babur, inherits kingdom and builds Mughal Empire. Grandson Akbar the Great ruled during Mughal Golden Age ( ) Strong military; used cannons Wisdom: Appoints locals to rule, encourages religious toleration. He married 2 Hindus, a Christian and a Muslim. Mughal Empire (India) Mughals oppressed Sikhs, a nonviolent religious group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism and Islamic Sufism (mysticism). Mughal Empire (India) 1631: Mughal shah built Taj Mahal as tomb commemorate wife, who died at age 39 while giving birth to their 14 th child. His son deposed his father and put him under house arrest. He spent the rest of his life staring at Taj Mahal and is buried inside, alongside his wife.