The Muscular System

Basics Facts

BASIC FUNCTIONS-Controls Movement

-Voluntary vs Involuntary-Support-Stores Minerals

-Tissues: bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons, skeletal muscles-Fibroblast-Mother cell

THREE MUSCLE TYPES

Smooth- found in the linings of organs; protection

-Involuntary-Thin and Striated

THREE MUSCLE TYPES

Skeletal- Controls skeletal movement

-Voluntary-Brain Protection

THREE MUSCLE TYPES

Cardiac- controls beating of heart

-Contractions-Involuntary

MOVEMENTS

How it all connected??

-TendonsSkeletal muscle attaches to bone -LigamentsAttaches muscle to muscle-Muscle FibersPull and contracting form movement

Movement

3 Is ?

-Muscles are classified by shape and size

Nervous and Muscular System-Direct Relation

Muscle Fibers

Muscle nerves trigger TWO MAIN PROTEINS

-Actin-Myosin

-Tropomyosin- forms contractions; blocks interactions

-Troponin-protein that inhibits contraction

Muscle Contraction

Calcium Ions must be present

-ATP- Provides energy for contraction

-Tropomyosin BLOCKS Myosin (Myosin=Binding site of Actin)

-Troponin + Tropomyosin= Position ChangeThen Actin can bind with Myosin

Muscle Contraction Cont.

STEPS OF CONTRACTION1) Nerve cell forms neuroplastic junction

and releases Ca++2)Ca++ forms ACh which binds with

sarcolemma3)ACh binds releasing Na --> Depolarizes4)Ca++ is released5) Sliding filament theory Actin binds with

Myosin

Muscle Contraction Cont.

6) Ca++ removes from cytoplasm7) Tropomyosin blocks actin site

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CepeYFvqmk4

Properties

All-Or-None Principle-Response independent to stimulus

strength

Tetany-Muscle seizure caused by low calcium

Fatigue-Tiredness due to overexertion; to much

energy need rest

Connections

Muscle --> Nervous System-Synapsis send signals to muscle to

contract

Muscle --> Circulatory System-Muscle contractions pump blood through

body

Muscle --> Skeletal System-Maintains structure of bones

DISEASES

Diseases

• Myopathy- skeletal muscle; causes weakness and atrophy; caused by old age and drugs

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-muscle fatigue; headaches, sore throats, muscle and joint pain

• Fibromyalgia-pain, fatigue. Found more often in women than in men; Ages 20-50.

Diseases

• Muscle Dystrophy-weakness; muscle degrades and fat replaces it.

• Dermatomyositis-inflammation of muscle tissues; found more often in women than in men.

Disease

• Polymyositis-inflammation of connective tissues; weakening of muscles and atrophy

• Rhabdomyolysis-muscle fiber breakdown; Fibers --> circulatory system; Kidney problems

• Compartment Syndrome- Compression of nerves and blood vessels; Causes pressure and swelling.

MADE BY Jessica Kronberg

Daniel GrantDoug CassettaFrank Liang