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Cultural influence
• Fashion--Clueless
• Fad--dance--Sat Night Fever and disco
• Romance--Gone with the Wind• Use of alcohol & drugs-Man with Golden Arm
• Politics--Primary Colors; Wag the Dog
• Violence--Diehard, Straw Dogs
• Sexuality--Marilyn Monroe et al
Movie technology
• 1877 Muybridge illusion/motion
• 1888-Dickson-motion pix/cam
• 1891-Eastman celluloid film
• 1922 Fox sound in newsreels
• 1927 talkie The Jazz Singer
• 1932/37 Disney full color movie/ Snow White
Adaptation from photography
• Persistence of vision
• Eadweard Muybridge/Leland Stanford “Bet”
• France--the Lumiere Brothers projected movies
• Thomas Edison’s “Black Maria” studio in 1891
The Warner Brothers
• Harry, Jack and Albert
• The Jazz Singer in 1927
• 1930-9,000 movie palaces equipped/sound
The major studios and the industry
• 1912 Universal
• 1916 failure of “Intolerance”
• 1919 United Artists
• 1923 Warner Bros
• 1923 Disney• 1924 Metro-
Goldwyn-Mayer• 1929 RKO• 1948 HUAC• 1952 Supreme Ct.• 1950s-TV competes
Three crises that reshaped Hollywood
• The Hollywood Ten
• Court bans on “vertical integration”
• Challenge from television
1950s and 60s content innovation
• Blackboard Jungle
• Rebel without a Cause
• Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
• Bonnie and Clyde
• The Graduate
• The Wild Bunch
• Porno flicks
Television and movies join together
• Competing industries merge
• Steep slide in box-office traffic
• $4 billion industry intertwined with TV
• First runs and after-markets– 17 % of revenue from pay TV– 8% from videotapes– Foreign releases--balance of trade
Movie exhibitors
• Early facilities--peep shows
• Nickelodeons• 1913 elegant picture
palace “Strand” NYC• Drive ins
Exhibitors con’t
• Multiscreen theaters
• New cinemas
• Box office income
• “Nut”
• Exhibitors
• Distributors
Movie finances
• “Intolerance”--DW Griffith $$ flop-2 mil
• Financing sources• Major studios loan $
$, distribute film • Independent
producers--create• Investor groups &
banks
Artistic vs. budget issues
• Merchandise tie ins
• Product placement
• Toys
• Music
• Advertising in theaters!
Censorship
• Early demands to ban movies
• Motion Picture Producers & Distributors of America--Will Hays--chief censor
• Fatty Arbuckle scandal
• Motion Picture Production Code 1930
• 1934 Legion of Decency Roman Cath.
• 1952--US Sup Ct--First Amendment
Current code
• NC 17 Labeling
• Self censorship
• 1/3 parents don’t know what their kids watch acc. to research
Review for Exam II
• Spielberg’s movies
• Power of effects of movies
• Contemporary documentaries
• Movietone newsreels--Fox/sound
• Impact of blacklist
• Paramount case
Review for Exam con’t
• Movie attendance
• Impact of TV
• Tech innovations
• Cost of tickets
• 1960s themes
• Moviegoers
• Oscars
Review for Exam con’t
• After market revenue
• Pay TV revenue
• “Nut”--movie house percentage
• Concessions
• Multiscreen theaters
• Distributors’ jobs
• Outside financing
Review for Exam, con’t
• Role of independent producers
• Foreign ownership of US studios
• Silver Screen partners
• Risk investors and banks
• Licensing fees/merchandise tie-ins
• Michael Eisner’s cross promotions
• Music tie-ins