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The Mothering Study. N Letourneau PhD RN K Young MPhil T Cluney BN Student Child Health Intervention and Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Studies Program. Supporting Mother-Infant Relationships Affected by Intimate Partner Violence. Director Women in Transition Julie Gallant - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Mothering The Mothering StudyStudy
Supporting Mother-Infant Supporting Mother-Infant Relationships Affected by Relationships Affected by Intimate Partner ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence
N Letourneau PhD RN
K Young MPhil
T Cluney BN Student
Child Health Intervention and Longitudinal Development (CHILD)
Studies Program
The Mothering Study
DirectorDirectorWomen in TransitionWomen in Transition
Julie GallantJulie GallantYouth in TransitionYouth in Transition
Claudette LandryClaudette LandryNB Department of HealthNB Department of Health
Sheila ProfitSheila ProfitCape Breton UniversityCape Breton University
Evelyn KennedyEvelyn KennedyCape Breton UniversityCape Breton University
Liz LautardLiz LautardLiberty Lane Inc.Liberty Lane Inc.
Christine LeBlancChristine LeBlancVON Healthy Baby & MeVON Healthy Baby & Me
Amanda LawsonAmanda LawsonMoncton HeadstartMoncton Headstart
Lyn BarrettLyn BarrettNS Transition Hose Assoc. NS Transition Hose Assoc.
Barbara ClowBarbara ClowAtlantic Centre of Excellence for Women’s Atlantic Centre of Excellence for Women’s HealthHealth
Anne DarrahAnne DarrahFredericton Early InterventionFredericton Early Intervention
Steven FletcherSteven FletcherRiver Valley HealthRiver Valley Health
Elizabeth GodboutElizabeth GodboutRiver Valley HealthRiver Valley Health
DirectorDirectorPEI Transition House Assoc.PEI Transition House Assoc.
Community Community ResearchersResearchers
The Mothering Study
Academic ResearchersAcademic Researchers NicoleNicole Letourneau Letourneau
University of New BrunswickUniversity of New Brunswick
Kimberly Critchley Kimberly Critchley University of Prince Edward IslandUniversity of Prince Edward Island
Julia CampbellJulia Campbell
University of Prince Edward IslandUniversity of Prince Edward Island Carmen GillCarmen Gill
Muriel McQueen Fergusson Center for Muriel McQueen Fergusson Center for Family ViolenceFamily Violence
Doug WillmsDoug WillmsUniversity of New BrunswickUniversity of New Brunswick
Jean HughesJean HughesDalhousie UniversityDalhousie University
Loretta SeccoLoretta SeccoCape Breton UniversityCape Breton University
Miriam StewartMiriam StewartUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta
The Mothering Study
Intimate Partner Intimate Partner ViolenceViolence
Types of Intimate PartnersTypes of Intimate Partners Categories of ViolenceCategories of Violence
• Current or former spouses Current or former spouses (including common-law (including common-law spouses)spouses)
• Dating partnersDating partners• Current or former boyfriendsCurrent or former boyfriends• Divorced spousesDivorced spouses• Separated spousesSeparated spouses
• Physical violencePhysical violence• Sexual violenceSexual violence• Threat of physical or sexual Threat of physical or sexual
violenceviolence• Psychological/emotional abuse Psychological/emotional abuse
(including coercive tactics) when (including coercive tactics) when there has also been prior there has also been prior physical or sexual violence or physical or sexual violence or prior threat of physical or sexual prior threat of physical or sexual violenceviolence
The Mothering Study
Violence and Child Violence and Child HealthHealth
Exposure to family violence is linked Exposure to family violence is linked with severe psychological and with severe psychological and behavioural effects on children in later behavioural effects on children in later lifelife
The effects of violence on children The effects of violence on children may be directly related to their lack of may be directly related to their lack of an emotionally safe and secure an emotionally safe and secure environmentenvironment
No research to date has looked at the No research to date has looked at the effects of exposure to violence on effects of exposure to violence on infants or mother-child relationshipsinfants or mother-child relationships
The Mothering Study
Pathways to ResiliencyPathways to Resiliency
The good news….The good news….
The Mothering Study
Pathways to ResiliencyPathways to Resiliency
Some mothers that experience domestic Some mothers that experience domestic violence may be more sensitive and violence may be more sensitive and responsive to their children’s needs, responsive to their children’s needs, compensating for the negative effects of compensating for the negative effects of violence (Levendosky 2003; Wuest 2004)violence (Levendosky 2003; Wuest 2004)
Not all children are negatively Not all children are negatively affected by exposure to violenceaffected by exposure to violence
The Mothering Study
Pathways to ResiliencyPathways to Resiliency
Mothers of children exposed to Mothers of children exposed to domestic violence provide more domestic violence provide more positive forms of parenting over time positive forms of parenting over time than mothers not exposed to violencethan mothers not exposed to violence
This heightened sensitivity and This heightened sensitivity and responsiveness may be a key to the responsiveness may be a key to the successful development of some successful development of some children exposed to IPVchildren exposed to IPV
The Mothering Study
Pathways to ResiliencyPathways to Resiliency
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Age (in years)
Par
enti
ng
Beh
avio
ur
No Violence: PositiveDiscipline
Violence: Positive Discipline
No Violence: Warm andNurturing
Violence: Warm andNurturing
No Violence: Consistent
Violence: Consistent
The Mothering Study
Policy RelevancePolicy Relevance
Policy makers internationally, Policy makers internationally, from across Canada, and within from across Canada, and within the Maritime Provinces are the Maritime Provinces are calling for increased support to calling for increased support to parents and families, especially parents and families, especially in light of early childhood needsin light of early childhood needs..
The Mothering Study
Policy RelevancePolicy Relevance WHO Report on Violence and Health National Children’s Agenda Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development
Agreement Family Violence Initiative, NS Our Children: Today’s Investment Tomorrow’s Promise, PEI Our Children: A Strategy for Healthy Child Development,PEI Greater Opportunities for New Brunswick Children: An Early
Childhood Development Agenda New Brunswick Minister’s Working Group on Violence Against
Women
The Mothering Study
Implications for FAS Implications for FAS Support & PreventionSupport & Prevention
Experiencing partner violence places Experiencing partner violence places women at greater risk of abusing drugs women at greater risk of abusing drugs and/or alcoholand/or alcohol
Substance abuse treatment may not be Substance abuse treatment may not be as effective if violence issues are not as effective if violence issues are not addressedaddressed Violence is often hiddenViolence is often hidden
The Mothering Study
Research QuestionsResearch Questions What is the impact of IPV on mother-infant What is the impact of IPV on mother-infant
relationships?relationships? What is the association between mother-What is the association between mother-
infant relationships and infant development infant relationships and infant development in families affected b IPV?in families affected b IPV?
What are (a) the support needs, (b) support What are (a) the support needs, (b) support resources, (c) barriers to support, and (d) resources, (c) barriers to support, and (d) preferences for support intervention to preferences for support intervention to promote mother-infant relationships affected promote mother-infant relationships affected by IPV?by IPV?
The Mothering Study
Research MethodsResearch Methods Community based, multi-site exploratory Community based, multi-site exploratory
descriptive studydescriptive study Sites in PEI, NB, and NS (Cape Breton & Sites in PEI, NB, and NS (Cape Breton &
mainland)mainland) Quantitative and qualitative data from mother Quantitative and qualitative data from mother
infant pairs previously exposed to violenceinfant pairs previously exposed to violence Qualitative data from Service ProvidersQualitative data from Service Providers
Sample sizeSample size A total of 82 mother infant pairs are A total of 82 mother infant pairs are
needed to support quantitative findingsneeded to support quantitative findings 10-20 service providers are needed in10-20 service providers are needed in
each provinceeach province
The Mothering Study
Qualitative InterviewsQualitative Interviews
Mothers will be asked to talk Mothers will be asked to talk aboutabout How they think the violence How they think the violence
affected themselves, their affected themselves, their child, and their relationship child, and their relationship with their childwith their child
What kinds of services they What kinds of services they used, and how they think used, and how they think services could be improvedservices could be improved
The Mothering Study
Qualitative InterviewsQualitative Interviews
Services Providers will be asked Services Providers will be asked aboutabout The impact of partner violence on The impact of partner violence on
mother-child relationships and child mother-child relationships and child developmentdevelopment
The support needs of women and The support needs of women and children affected by violencechildren affected by violence
Perceived feasibility of support Perceived feasibility of support interventionsinterventions
The Mothering Study
Quantitative MeasuresQuantitative Measures
Mothers will be asked to complete a number of Mothers will be asked to complete a number of assessments looking atassessments looking at Child developmentChild development Parent child relationship qualityParent child relationship quality The family environmentThe family environment Other known parenting/life stressorsOther known parenting/life stressors
The Mothering Study
Quantitative MeasuresQuantitative Measures Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS)Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS) Ages and Stages questionnaires Ages and Stages questionnaires Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD)Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) Social Provisions Scale (SPS)Social Provisions Scale (SPS) Family Functioning Scale (FFS)Family Functioning Scale (FFS) Difficult Life Circumstances Scale (DLC)Difficult Life Circumstances Scale (DLC) Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ)Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) Parenting Scale Parenting Scale Motor and Social Development Scale (MSD)Motor and Social Development Scale (MSD) Demographic InformationDemographic Information
The Mothering Study
Special ConsiderationsSpecial Considerations
The Cycle of ViolenceThe Cycle of Violence Long term implications of a violent relationshipLong term implications of a violent relationship Mothers’ needs for supportMothers’ needs for support Mothers’ safety needsMothers’ safety needs TrainingTraining
The Mothering Study
Research ProgressResearch Progress
Ethical approval has been received at one of Ethical approval has been received at one of the four research sitesthe four research sites
The pilot phase of the mother interviews has The pilot phase of the mother interviews has been completed (n = 3)been completed (n = 3)
Interviewers for each province have been Interviewers for each province have been trainedtrained
The Mothering Study
Research ProgressResearch Progress
Service provider pilot interviews are beginning Service provider pilot interviews are beginning in New Brunswick in New Brunswick
Participant recruitment has begun in New Participant recruitment has begun in New Brunswick and is ongoing in Prince Edward Brunswick and is ongoing in Prince Edward IslandIsland
Data collection in all threeData collection in all threeprovinces is anticipated to provinces is anticipated to be completed by the summer be completed by the summer of 2008of 2008
The Mothering Study
Research Assistant Research Assistant TrainingTraining
Training Manual Training Manual
Training Training sessession sion hheld eld August 17, 2006August 17, 2006 Research Assistants from Research Assistants from
NS, PEI, and NB NS, PEI, and NB participated in a variety of participated in a variety of group, role-playing and group, role-playing and hands on learning activitieshands on learning activities
The Mothering Study
Research Assistant Research Assistant TrainingTraining
Training session topicsTraining session topics Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives Site ProtocolsSite Protocols Safety and Sensitivity Protocols Safety and Sensitivity Protocols Data Collection Data Collection Audio & Video Equipment UseAudio & Video Equipment Use
The Mothering Study
RecruitmentRecruitment
Service providersService providers Community Research Team Community Research Team
membersmembers Service agencies used to Service agencies used to
recruit mother-infant pairsrecruit mother-infant pairs ParticipantsParticipants
Recruitment efforts in both Recruitment efforts in both focused areas and the focused areas and the general populationgeneral population
The Mothering Study
Participant RecruitmentParticipant Recruitment
Targeted ApproachesTargeted Approaches Agencies that target violence/at-risk familiesAgencies that target violence/at-risk families
Liberty Lane Second Stage HousingLiberty Lane Second Stage Housing VON Healthy Baby and MeVON Healthy Baby and Me Chrysalis House for Youth in TransitionChrysalis House for Youth in Transition Coalition of Transition HousesCoalition of Transition Houses Center of Excellence in Women’s HealthCenter of Excellence in Women’s Health Family Violence Outreach ProgramFamily Violence Outreach Program Dept. of Health and Social ServiceDept. of Health and Social Service Other ideas?Other ideas?
The Mothering Study
Participant RecruitmentParticipant Recruitment
Universal ApproachesUniversal Approaches Public Service AnnouncementsPublic Service Announcements Paid Newspaper AdsPaid Newspaper Ads Candy CardsCandy Cards Other ideas?Other ideas?
The Mothering Study
Candy CardsCandy Cards
The Mothering Study
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Canadian Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes for Health Research Muriel McQueen Fergusson Center for Muriel McQueen Fergusson Center for
Family Violence ResearchFamily Violence Research M. Merritt-Gray, J. Wuest, K. White (UNB)M. Merritt-Gray, J. Wuest, K. White (UNB)