The Modern World:The Modern World:

A Remarkable DiversityA Remarkable Diversity

1900 to the present1900 to the present

Darwin: Undermining Victorian IdeasDarwin: Undermining Victorian Ideas

Theory of evolution based Theory of evolution based on natural selection – on natural selection – ______ or become ______ ______ or become ______

_______ Darwinism – in _______ Darwinism – in human society, only the human society, only the fittest _________ survive fittest _________ survive and flourishand flourish

Social Darwinism was used Social Darwinism was used to justify unrestricted to justify unrestricted competition, rigid _______ competition, rigid _______ distinctions, _______ to distinctions, _______ to social problems, and social problems, and doctrines of _______ doctrines of _______ superiority.superiority.

Marx: Undermining Victorian IdeasMarx: Undermining Victorian Ideas

Philosopher and Philosopher and economisteconomist

Advocates doing away Advocates doing away with _______ propertywith _______ property

Argues that _______ Argues that _______ should own the means of should own the means of productionproduction

Theories of social and Theories of social and economic justiceeconomic justice

Freud: Undermining Victorian IdeasFreud: Undermining Victorian Ideas

DoctorDoctor Finds the motives for Finds the motives for

human behavior not in our human behavior not in our rational, conscious minds rational, conscious minds but in the _______ and but in the _______ and sexually driven realm of the sexually driven realm of the _______, which manifests _______, which manifests itself mainly in our _______ itself mainly in our _______

_______ drives motivates _______ drives motivates our behaviorour behavior

““A War to End All Wars”A War to End All Wars” World War I – the _____ warWorld War I – the _____ war Young men flocked to enlist Young men flocked to enlist

to defend their nation, but to defend their nation, but they _____ in great numbers.they _____ in great numbers.

After the war, many were After the war, many were _________ because the _________ because the results of the war were results of the war were negative: a __________ negative: a __________ economy, a tottering colonial economy, a tottering colonial empire, and a devastating empire, and a devastating _____ of life. As a result, _____ of life. As a result, ___________ about the state ___________ about the state and the individual’s relation to and the individual’s relation to society entered.society entered.

A Revolution in LiteratureA Revolution in Literature

Modernism – Modernism – __________________________ with form and contentwith form and content

Focus on Focus on ______________________ instead instead of a concern with of a concern with __________ __________

Some rejected traditional Some rejected traditional __________________________ order in order in storytellingstorytelling

______________ of of ________________________ writingwriting

Less discreet descriptions of Less discreet descriptions of sexualitysexuality

Origins of World War IIOrigins of World War II Worldwide economic Worldwide economic

__________ fostered the rise __________ fostered the rise of dictators in some countriesof dictators in some countries

Hitler & the Nazi party used Hitler & the Nazi party used the __________ woes to the __________ woes to convince many Germans that convince many Germans that their problems were caused their problems were caused by ______, Communists, and by ______, Communists, and ___________.___________.

The Holocaust – resulted in The Holocaust – resulted in the death of millions of the death of millions of innocent men, women, & kidsinnocent men, women, & kids

Much of the literature after Much of the literature after World War II was _______ World War II was _______ and ____________and ____________

Britain after World War IIBritain after World War II

The ___________ The ___________ assumed responsibility assumed responsibility for providing ________ for providing ________ care and other basic care and other basic benefits for its citizens.benefits for its citizens.

Most of the _______ Most of the _______ gained their gained their independence, ending independence, ending the _______ Empire.the _______ Empire.

British Writing TodayBritish Writing Today Angry Young Men – Angry Young Men –

criticized the criticized the ____________ of ____________ of intellectuals and the intellectuals and the _______ lives of the _______ lives of the middle class.middle class.

Postmodernism – Postmodernism – often deals with often deals with _______’s rights, _______’s rights, multiculturalism, the multiculturalism, the environment, and environment, and _______ destruction._______ destruction.

The British excel at The British excel at _______._______.

World/Postcolonial LiteratureWorld/Postcolonial Literature

Writers can have Writers can have __________ influence.__________ influence.

Postcolonial literature – Postcolonial literature – writers from former British writers from former British ________ explore issues of ________ explore issues of personal identify and the personal identify and the effects of _________ effects of _________ domination and _______.domination and _______.

Spread of _______ across Spread of _______ across the world has also affected the world has also affected the literature.the literature.

African ExpressionsAfrican Expressions

Negritude – encouraged Negritude – encouraged black writers to turn to black writers to turn to ________________________ African African culture, art, and history as culture, art, and history as sources of inspiration and sources of inspiration and ______________..

Other writers confront Other writers confront racism and social racism and social inequality.inequality.

Other WritingsOther Writings

Feminist writers Feminist writers dramatize women’s dramatize women’s lack of _______ in a lack of _______ in a world controlled by world controlled by _______._______.

Much of modern Much of modern world literature has world literature has been a direct and been a direct and blistering response to blistering response to _______._______.